Evolution mari

Mari, Chokwadi - munhu muchikwata dzakaitika kuti yakabuda pamwe kukura kwenzanga. Kushanduka siyana uye marudzi mari yakanga runoonekwa nezvoupfumi zhinji, uye kwete vose vasvike rwakafanana kupatsanura. Vamwe vanyori inotaura dzizere uye chakaremara siyana mari. Vamwe, achitora sepokutangira dzinongoitika uye kwete basa zviratidzo, akaparadzanisa mari kuti kuchinjanisa, kwakakwana uye irredeemable.

Kushanduka mari zvaireva kuti kudanana kwavo chinokosha fomu akanga anyangarika. Saka, pane dudziro itsva. Mari, ive chishandiso zveupfumi ukama ndedzinotevera:

- svikiro zvokutsinhanisa;

- chiyero ukoshi;

- kuwanda zvinoreva;

- pachishandiswa muripo.

Asi pane imwe tsananguro izvo anofunga shanduka mari zvakananga. Its akagadzira ne Marx. Money - nhumbi, riri kure munyika hazvo ari kwatangwa kuti, ndiyo waifarirwa nerokuti uye anoita crystallization zvokutsinhanisa ukoshi. Pachishandiswa tsanangudzo izvi, zvinokwanisika kuti patsanura mhando uye siyana mari sezvinotevera:

1. Mharidzo mari ine zvinotevera siyana:
   • mombe, furs, varanda, anoshongwa, etc.
2. Full mari:
   • Gold uye sirivha Gráfica;
   • Gold uye masirivha.
3. Chakaremara mari:
   • muchivigiro mari;
   • matikiti;
   • bilonnaya mari.
4. quasi:
   • nemari nemari uye nguva deposits mune mabhanga.

Kushanduka mari kwave kunokonzerwa kukura kwakaita chinokosha kugadzirwa. Somugumisiro, pane mhando mbiri mari: chaihwo (esimbi mari uye zvinhu-neShanduro) uye mari zviratidzo, vari, chokwadi, vevatariri mari chaiyo (chikwereti nebepa mari) of. Kutaura mari chaiyo, tinofanira kuyeuka kuti avo chezita kukosha rinoenderana chaiye.

Ngatikurukurei muudzame sei mukuru shanduka ari mhando mari.

Pakutanga, mari esimbi, kazhinji ndarama, sirivha kana mhangura, zvakanga zvatova vari chidimbu, uye weighted chimiro. Zvino slitochnye chimiro uye mawana (kushongedzwa). The kumumvuri of mari yakanga boboobraznaya mufananidzo vara zvakafanana guru uye kukura. Shoko mari rakatangwa muRoma 3rd remakore BC. Roman Mint akadhindwa mari kuti akanga hurumende chisimbiso, kuti hunovimbisa solvency yavo. Mari vachinje chinokosha riparadzirwe mari - vava kunzwisisa kurema, uye sezvadziri akadhindwa pamusoro pavo, izvo zvinoreva uwandu simbi kushandiswa.

Metal mari ane mukati ukoshi yakazvimirira. Pokugadzwa nguva pamusoro tumari zviratidzo ukoshi kwakakonzerwa zvikonzero zvinoverengeka, izvo zvakaita kuti kuwedzera uye kuwedzera wezvokutengeserana.

- kuyerera Large zvinokosha nesimbi uye nekusagona kubereka zvakawanda zvinokosha simbi.

- High mari nazvo usapinde kutenderera.

- Difficulty kufamba guru pavazhinjisa simbi kuti mari kubhadhara.

- Kushaya mukana wokushandiswa - kukwanisa kubata uye richikura.

- Gold uye sirivha aiva mashoma kuparadzwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo.

- The State, kushandisa anotambura coinage vanokohwawo mari, achidzikisa mharidzo uye vakawanda nesimbi uye kusiya chete sangano.

Kuvapo apa zvinhu zvakazoita kuti chokwadi chokuti akapfuurira shanduka mari. Paiva Sevamiririri mari chaiyo - zvikwereti, bepa mari uye scheidemünze. Dzavo ndima ukoshi zvava kupfuura chaivo.

It inongorira bepa mari, mamiriro, achivapa kosi pamusoro yako, sezvo kuzviremekedza, havaiti nhaka. Nokuti mamiriro, ndiko wokuwedzera tsime mari. Kazhinji, nyaya mari kunowedzera panguva iyo hurumende iri hondo kana vachingotya dambudziko.

With kukura chinokosha kugadzirwa ikoko uye neanokweretesa mari. Mavari pane kuitwa kana kutenga uye kutengeswa zvinoreva Yakabudiswa kana ichinonoka muripo.