Favela Brazilian - chimwe Mararamiro evanhu

"Favela" - shoko rakanaka ndiro zvishoma akafanana zita hwomutambarakede dzimba, nyoro inzwi rayo, Zvisinei, hazvirevi norusaruro zvisikwa. Munhu ane zvishoma vanofarira nhau dzakawanda, anoziva kuti America - maviri enyika. Pane vakapfuma United States neCanada, asi pane mumwe achiri, Latin America, uko ruzha murombo vachirarama maererano nemitemo yavo uye nemirau, apo urombo coexists pamwe garish muumbozha, uye akapiwa zvose izvi "haradhi" zvinodhaka NaAmai Pauline Kabanzi uye maoko navatengesi. Favela - nzvimbo mutemo wevasungwa (kubva nemaonero nezviremera) uye anokosha munzvimbo, izvo dzichakurukurwa munyaya ino.

imba makadhi

Pakutanga akadana Zvivako favelas, dzakanga chakavakwa murombo vanhu vanogara kumucheto mumaguta. Dzimba dzakavakwa pamusoro chinhu chinotyisa, hapana zvokuvaka, urongwa, uye kunyange zvakawanda saka mvumo haana. Rapid urbanization, yaiva mhinduro kuna kwemaindasitiri the American upfumi echiLatin mukupera namapfumbamwe remakore, kwete kwakaguma akanaka uye ennobled nharaunda pamwe dzakafanana dzimba uye yakafara migwagwa, uye zvokufananidzira zvivako, naleplennye mumwe.

The dzakakurumbira - iri favela wokuBrazil, vakawanda uye zvinonakidza chaizvo, havasi kumirira akaparadzana zvivakwa, uye akava musoro kumatunhu yose, vanhu nhamba vaigara mune vamwe vavo vanopfuura zviuru zana.

The nzira okuvaka riri nyore uye kunoda kuti murongedzeri anoita zvepakutanga puranga petsvimbo simbi vakapoteredza mukomberedzo reimba ramangwana (kana pasi, nekuti zvino favela regai kukura pahupamhi uye kureba). Danho pakati makumbo - 2-3 metres, uye nzvimbo inochengeterwa mezhbalkovoe mhango chidhinha. Similar mazano vatete uye wokusavimbika, uye kuti dzimba dziri kukura, inowedzera zvakatowanda shaky. Zvimwe zvivako kare panofanira 4-5 uriri, mumwe kumusoro kungava zvishoma kupfuura yapfuura mumwe, somugumisiro lopsided dzimba patakafanana inverted mapiramidhi.

Muridzi akatengesa pamusoro pauriri padenga muridzi mutsva, uyo anoita kuti misha yavo yavo kungwara uye kuita. Favela - utiziro kworutivi pamutemo, kutaura chero kukurukura mudzimba dzakadaro zvakakwanisika chete mumakore achangopfuura makatanga kuita magetsi uye zvinokosha utsanana.

vapfumi vapemhi

Vagari muzvitangwena vokutanga vaiva Mapato anoverengeka vanhu: vagari vekumaruwa vari kwakamanikidzwa kumaguta kunotsvaka wematambudziko nani, avo vanozviwana nechepasi nokuda nekusagona uwane, nomupoteri varanda.

Fate akarayira kuti favelas muRio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, Nampula nemamwe maguta Brazilian vava mahombekombe panopinda zviuru, mamiriyoni evanhu munyika. Maererano nenhamba, pari anogara ikoko ose wechishanu wokuBrazil. Official Data nyanyaidza zvikuru vanhu pamusoro favelas. The ndechokuti kudzora kuberekwa mwero uye rufu mwero munzvimbo idzi ndechokungoti sezvazviri: pamutemo dzokugara izvo norugare uye kwete yakabatana akawandisa vanhu, zvakakwana vanovanza zvakavanzika zvavo.

In kururamisira zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti vamwe favelas - iri haichawanikwi achizorora pemasese munzanga, asi zvikuru liveable nharaunda umo zviremera vakakwanisa kubvisa mhirizhonga uye mutemo.

chepamutemo mhirizhonga

Favelas kugara munzvimbo yakakura, izvo hazvitomboiti kusatevedzera. Pane zvikonzero zvinoverengeka. Chekutanga, ipapo anogara unorema munyika paSheori. Kakawanda, nzvimbo idzi chokuita madhiragi uye zvikwata zvomumigwagwa, vamwe chokwadi ichi. Asi chokwadi, guru zvinodhaka havasi vakawanda vagara feeder chikwata kuti akapiwa furaya diki.

Chechipiri, favelas Brazilian musaonesesa yacho zviremera. Vagari dzavo anoshandiswa kupukunyuka hwavo. An dzinonakidza ndechokuti pakati dzisina mitemo munzvimbo idzi panewo vakadaro kuti anorambidza kutaura vamiririri mapurisa.

MuBrazil, pane nzira inokosha kutsunga vagari kuti asimbise vanopinda solvency uye kuvimbika kirasi. Nokuti chinangwa ichi kwete chete kuzivikanwa magwaro (pasipoti, uchityaira rezinesi), asiwo risiti kuripwa invoices. Ndivo vimbiso kuti munhu hwakasungirirwa kune imwe nzvimbo dzokugara, mipiro kuti bhajeti. Zvikasadaro, iyo mugari wenyika zvakaoma kuwana rubatsiro kubva mamiriro, kunyange nyore kurapwa kuchipatara kungava dambudziko.

chokuyananisira

Inokuvadza munzvimbo dzakapfuma guru uye vashanyi, ivo favelas muRio de Janeiro kuti zvishoma nezvishoma kuva nerugare. Muguta iri pane anenge chiuru (maererano nokufungidzira siyana, kubvira 750 kusvika 1200). Mumwe nomumwe wavo anogona kutakura zvakasiyana nhamba yevanhu, huru vaya vane vakawanda kwazvo 5 zviuru vanhu. Kuronga muitiro, zviremera vakasarudza kuita munharaunda inonzi favelas chirongwa yekufadza vokuparidzira uye demilitarization.

Nyika haabvumirwi kuva zvombo. By mutemo, vanogona mapurisa chete uye nemauto, asi maoko kutengeserana huri kuwedzera, vanoitisana Rio haagoni chete pfuti, asiwo zvikuru "aggregates". Panguva kuchavazvuzvurudzira chaiyo masimba pakati zviremera uye vanhu veko kuonekwa hondo inopisa, uye ipapo maviri anorwisana mapato vanotambura zvinokosha nezvinhu.

Zvisinei, nokuda nzira hasha dzakadaro kurwisa mhosva muzvitangwena kweBrazil regera kuva ungoverned dzezvimwe apo kutya kufamba usiku. Kuwedzera kune kuri simba kuvhiyiwa semukana varonge dzose upenyu vagere favelas. Pane kudzidzisa pamwero mukuru magetsi, kutsiva maiiswa, izvo ubvise tsvina, munhu ano mvura maitiro uye ayo kubviswa.

No kukosha ndechokuti vanhu vave nyore zveutano, dzidzo uye mabhazi. Kupa zvose zvakanakira vagere favelas haisati zvichibvira: mavakirwo uye marongerwo dzomumusha chete regai kusiya pasina mukana uyu, asi mapurogiramu hurumende zvakagadzirirwa kwete gore rimwe, uye basa iri runako pakati muzvitangwena kuenda dzose.

Amen

Pasinei nokuedza nezviremera kudzora mashoko hasha zvevagari murombo nharaunda, upenyu favelas ichiri kutongwa zvinodhaka madzishe uye pasi mitemo yavo. Kutaura kuti izvi zvakaipa, imi hamugoni: "madzimambo" dzomunharaunda vanosimbirira nheyo yayo, nokuti haana kuteerera mukanyatsochengeta kuranga Vanotyora mutemo. Zvakaipira nzira iyi kuzvitonga ndechokuti mumwe favela - mhando iyi sezvo ari oga zvokuvhoterwa, nyika munyika, uye chii haugoni kuita vagari woruwa chete, mumwe akaita pamwe chaivo vasingarangwi.

Mukati yayo favela havagoni kuba, kuuraya, kubata chibharo uye kunyange tuneyadstvovat. Kurangwa nokuti kutyorwa akanyatsojeka utsinye: unogona kurasikirwa maoko nemakumbo, kupiswa kuti rufu kana nhapwa. Mabhosi usarega kunyange vana uye kuyaruka. mumwe udzvinyiriri kwakadaro inogutswa veko, nekuti pachena anovapa mamwe runovimbisa norugare.

Pane ramangwana?

Chii chichaitika kuna wokuBrazil slum vanogara mune ramangwana riri kujeka. Pfungwa yokufungisisa favelas yebudiriro ikoko, asi izvi zviri kunonoka. Corruption, muboka revatungamiriri, mhirizhonga uye nyonganyonga hatibvumiri zviremera kuti nokukurumidza zvirongwa zvavo. Kunze Brazil, kufanana nedzimwe nyika Latin America, haagoni kusvika qualitatively kuvandudza upfumi. Uyezve, Anosimudza mumwe mubvunzo anonzwisisa: Ko achida slum vanogara pachavo kubva mimvuri mutemo uye kugara waifarirwa mitemo nemirayiro?