Fighter "Dutu": zvinhu uye pikicha

Sezvo Second World War uye Vietnam, zvakava pachena kuti kushorwa zvombo kuhwina zvakaoma chaizvo pasina mhepo rutsigiro. Mumakore achangopfuura vakanga kwakaratidzwa kukurumidza kukura zvevhu kurwisa uye murwi ndege, kuti indasitiri akaita mwoyo mutsva uye itsva iyi zviitiko dzesayenzi.

Chimwe chezvinhu kuratidzwa mugumisiro kwemapazi mupomerwi zvesainzi rava murwi "Dutu". Maererano kutungamirira nyanzvi yokumwe uye mudzimba mune avhiyesheni, ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo yepamusoro specimens zvombo Western. Chii Ndege ichi uye sei kunoratidzwa, isu tsanangura munyaya ino.

Pakarepo, tinoona kuti tateguru wake kure, "Dutu" - ari murwi Hondo Yenyika II, kunopindawo manoeuvrable uye mukuru mhenyu unongotaura.

chikuru mashoko

At paro, ichi mapatya-injini chechina-chizvarwa anorwisa. Dzinoratidzwa Delta bapiro uye yakavakwa pamusoro "Dhadha." Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti dikidiki "Dutu", iro vakasunungurwa kare mashoma apfuura vari nezvizvarwa 4+ uye 4 ++. Kazhinji, kukura aizobudirira ndege kwakadaro kwakatangwa shure muna 1979.

Available muchina pakarepo mushanduro mana. Zvitsaurei shanduro vane UK, Germany, Italy, uye Spain. Kunyanya dzinonakidza ndechokuti mashoko kusunungurwa ndege hadzisi kuwanikwa panzvimbo imwe: ichi zvaisanganisira akawanda ndege mukugadzira rakapiwa.

chibvumirano hurumende

Ngativerengei nyorai ndivo kuti pave chinokosha zvikamu fuselage uye injini:

• Alenia Aeronautica. Anoita seri mhosva, flaperons uye akasiya mapapiro.

• Bae Systems. It overlaps ari mugadziri rokutanga pagadzirwe pagondobwe rwemberi chikamu ndege iri tichiita mukugadzira pamberi fuselage (pamwe PGO) gargrota, Lantern. Uyewo mhosva tailplane.

• EADS Deutschland. Inoita nepakati chikamu, uye yave kugadzira nechepakati chikamu muviri.

• EADS CASA. The kambani unobereka slats, uye zvakarurama bapiro.

Major STRUCTURAL zvinhu

Kazhinji, murwi "Dutu" hwakasikwa zvikuru inobva kushandiswa zvemberi zvemagetsi ndege uye zvayakawana. The vagadziri vakaita zvakawanda kuti maximize ari achifambisa unhu, kunyange kana kuuya kurwisa pasi yokunyanyisa pamakona.

We akagadzira ndege maererano zano kunosanganisira kushandisa Delta bapiro ane kutsvaira rworwendo 53. Slats uye ichibhabhamisa - Two-chikamu, canards unoitiswa muhombe mhando, keel uye vakasunungura - pasina stabilizer. vanoronga kwakadaro kunongova chete uye runako unopinza kuwedzera maneuverability pamusoro ndege uye vasanyanye kurwisa dzedenga panguva supersonic aimhanya.

Samolet- "Invisible"

Yokuderedza radar maonero ari muchina, aitungamirira pamucheto mberi muswe anoitwa ane zvinhu izvo absorbs redhiyo mafungu. Kunyange pamutemo murwi "Dutu" hahusi muchikwata che michina zvinoitwa "namano" michina waro kubudisa zviri zvikuru kushandiswa ruzivo uye zvinhu zvinobudirira kunogona kupera redhiyo mafungu. Kutaura zvazviri, basa rakadai akaiswa pamberi vagadziri pakutanga: sei kuti ndege zvikuru kuoneka zvinogona mberi kuti ano radar vasabatwa.

Chii chakaitwa kuti kuzadzisa izvi? Chekutanga, kufadza mhepo yaunodya vakanyura mune dzimba pamberi magumo Motors Masked chaiwo namano. All vakatakura Ndege yacho bapiro kutungamirira micheto uye muswe stabilizers, uye akafukidza pamberi unopinza zvinhu rokutora radar nemwaranzi. Mukuwedzera, kuturika kuti atungamirirwe zvombo napo pedyo muviri, izvo zvinoita kuti tikwanise munovavanza pamuvengi radar nemwaranzi.

Pano zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti parizvino "Dutu" - murwi-bhomba, multi-chinangwa, uye saka nechokwadi ayo Kusaoneka yakazara hazvibviri pfungwa (asi hazvina kudaro zvakakodzera).

zvinhu Developers

Zvinenge zvose itsva kuti makawana dzakakwirira zviratidzo zvakadai zvinoriumba uye alloys vave yakataurwa mainjiniya EADS / DASA hanya. Uyezve, imwe kambani yaiva mumwe havaoni, uye ipapo Vagadziri zvakawanda zvinokosha STRUCTURAL zvinoumba ndege. Nzvimbo idzi dzinosanganisira anongoda vose vaitungamirira kumucheto vose mapapiro, wokunze uye yomukati hukawanika dzedenga yaunodya, uyewo elevators uye zvinoriumba pedyo nazvo.

Dzinokosha zvinhu zvaishandiswa pakuvaka

Vakawanda zvakashandiswa, uye kwakajairika aruminiyamu alloys nokuti avhiyesheni hakusi zvokuti. Saka, anopfuura 40% of zvachose kurema airframe ndiye CFRP. Huwandu lithium aruminiyamu chiwanikwa uye anouya 20% iri yakachena aruminiyamu chiwanikwa nyaya kuti 18%. High-simba zvinhu kwakavakirwa titanium inogarwa 12% negirazi faibha Nhoroondo kuti 10%. Ndege pamusoro rwunopera pa 70% kubva kabhoni faibha, 12% vane zvinhu kwakavakirwa girazi faibha.

About 15% of nzvimbo weveta simbi, uye mumwe 3% ndivo Zvinokosha zvakaisvonaka kwazvo mapurasitiki nezvimwe zvokuvakisa. Zviya, pakati zvose European rwisana ndege kupfuura yemazuva ano chokwadi murwi "Dutu": 5% of vakashandisa michina mhinduro zvisati pachena, sezvo pakavanda kusimudzira European nzvimbo masangano.

Kunyange munguva kutanga kuronga kuti ndege mamiriro ezvinhu akanga avata pasi mashoko nezve kuti risina kurema ndege haafaniri kupfuudza 9999 makirogiramu. Uyezve, kushandisa zvayakaita achitaurwa nevanopinda magadzirirwe alloys itsva kwakavakirwa magnesium uye aruminiyamu. Resource giraidha haasi maawa asingasviki zviuru zvitanhatu. Nokudaro, murwi "Dutu" Sezvineiwo outperforms US F-35, izvo nhamba iyi kunosiyana-siyana pakati 2-4 zviuru maawa.

Zvinoitwa STRUCTURAL zvinhu

Muviri chakagadzirwa Semi-monocoque zano. Pane zvikuru inobudirira inivhoyisi nzvimbo yemutekenyi dzokurwa, izvo inodzivirirawo mutyairi kubva wacho maduku maoko moto. Tente - tselnoformovanny, panongova kure achitsigira dzimba. Izvi mhinduro akabvumira mutyairi kuitira kunonyanyisa ongororo yakanaka. Izvi zvakakosha kwazvo mazuva ano mhepo yetsiva achifambisa. Panyaya iyi, kuti murwi "Dutu", iro rine mufananidzo munyaya nderimwe yakanakisisa motokari kuti NATO.

Sezvatakamboreva kare vakati pamasikiro zano yave kushandiswa odnokilevym plumage, riri kwazvo nzvimbo huru. Kunyatsooneka rakakura mhepo yaunodya kupisa exchanger hurongwa. The yose bapiro ganda chakagadzirwa zvikuru vafuke kabhoni faibha. Zvisinei, pane imwe anosara. Tiri kutaura mumidziyo uye vakatsauka masokisi, izvo riri pana kumigumo mapapiro. Ivo yakagadzirwa aruminiyamu alloys uye lithium.

The zvachose nzvimbo chinjikira stabilizer ndiyo 2.40 mamita ^2. Nokuti ayo kugadzirwa zvinhu lightweight Polymers (zvikurukuru). Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, kuti murwi "Dutu" (mufananidzo unogona kuona ichi acho) iri yepamusorosoro ndege, ane kugadzirwa hazvitomboiti pasina simba maindasitiri nechimwe.

chassis

kumhara giya - tricycle. Vaine Racks unicycle. The peculiarity ndechokuti maviri okutanga kupinda mirayiridzo womuviri, asi mberi rinobviswa mberi. Chimwe chinoshamisa chinhu nokuda michina pamusoro NATO - the chassis anonyatsorayiridzwa optimized kuti achiwana pamusoro moita masaisai, taita pakugadzira runways. Asi pane dambudziko. Pakutanga zvakanga vaifungidzira kuti shoma urefu GDP kuti yokudyara achava akaenzana makubhiti mazana mashanu. Nokuti paakati ichi, kuti murwi "Eurofighter Dutu" akanga kuva achicheka-mucheto.

Asi kare panguva yokutanga munda nemiedzo zvakava pachena kuti mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro kune overheating simba pamusoro mabhureki, uye saka yakadereresa zvaibvira kureba kwakanga yawedzera 750 metres. Zvisinei, muzviitiko, mufambisi anogona kushandisa akamedura parachuti.

Engine Design, dzinokosha nokurondedzerwa powerplant

The Injini vakatanga kuva shure muna 1983. Basa rakatanga kure pasina: hwaro injini hunobviswa ndege "dutu". Zvisinei, pane zvinoratidza kuti simba chirimwa rakatorwa Rolls-Royce XG.40 experimental michina. Chero zvakanga, bhenji nemiedzo vakanga atanga chete muna 1988.

Zvakaguma kukura EJ200. Izvi yokunzvenga turbofan injini, mumwe aizoonekawo hombe afterburner. Turbine mashizha dzinoitwa ne akasiyana kushandisa monocrystalline zvinhu discs zvose kugadzirwa nenzira nzira upfu nokuchengetedza. propulsion kuzvidzora hurongwa anonyatsokwanisa digitaalinen. Uyezve, injini ane Integrated chirwere hurongwa. Zvinenge zvose yakamisirwa chikamu injini yakagadzirwa rinoumba nezvinhu. The combustion mukamuri kunodzivirirwa kubva kusakara yakavakirwa zvedongo sezvamunoita.

Izvi nzeve zvizere inoita murwi "Eurofighter Dutu" chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru mukutsungirira ano yetsiva ndege. Saka, sezvo zviri 2010 hazvina vakatounganidzwa anopfuura 250 michini, mumwe zvekuvaka yakauyiswa maawa zviuru 10.

Mhepo yaunodya riri pasi fuselage, contours ayo kuchinjika. The divi masvingo akarurama, yakaderera - curved. A mira partition, kuvakwa ichi rakakamurwa Mipata miviri, rezasi mugove neimwe inogona vakatsauka, ichipa aibuda nani mhepo pasi rinorema braking.

Engine Magadzirirwo

Ona kuti kunyange ndege kugadzirwa pachikuva, Germany, United Kingdom, Spain uye Italy kunge dzakasaina chibvumirano pasi iyo nyika wakanyengwa kushanda pamwe chete kuumba uye yokugadziridza propulsion hurongwa nokuda Eurofighter Dutu. The chikuru chepfungwa injini haisi kunyange zvayo mukurumari uye basa upenyu, uye modular magadzirirwo. Uyu akashinga mhinduro yave akaderedza nguva inodiwa ayo dismantling, kusvikira maminitsi 45.

Injini ine zvinotevera unhu:

• Vaise "wakaoma" ndiyo 6120 makirogiramu.

• Reheat indekisi ukoshi - 9097 makirogiramu.

• Kunopiwa Muzvarirwo ndege chinotsva manwiro zvichisiyana 0,745 kusvika 0,813 makirogiramu / makirogiramu awa.

• Muna afterburner muoti, chakarurama ichi ane zvizhinji - kubva makirogiramu 1,65 kusvika 1.72 / makirogiramu paawa.

• The tembiricha of magasi chaibwinya parutivi turbine anogona kusvika 1840 ° K.

• Paavhareji mhepo aibuda mwero iri 76 makirogiramu / s.

• Huru turbine dhayamita - 740 mm.

• The Kureba simba chirimwa - 4 mamita.

• izvozvo anoyera 989 makirogiramu.

• Resource yekare neshanduro - 6 zviuru maawa, asi injini ano vanogona kare vabhururuke 10,000 ..

• The penguva pakati macheki of injini - maawa chiuru ..

Izvi ndizvo ichazivikanwa "Dutu" (murwi). Power Ndege zvokuti kunogona kusvika vaifanira kumhanya kusvika 2 Mach, riri pamusoro zviuru 2,5 makiromita paawa.

chinotsva mumatanda

Wedzerai peturu mudura fuselage uye keel mugove uye mapapiro kuri kuraswa mune matangi mukuru-simba zvinhu. Zvinokwanisika pachigaro hardpoints maviri chete kupembedza tangi ane inokwana 1,500 litres uye 1000 litres azvaitwa. Zvinofanira kunyanya kuzivikanwa kuti vagadziri zvakapa mukana mhepo refueling, kunyanya zvakasiyana pane chete "Dutu" (murwi). Fighter ndege muenzaniso uyu, vachishandisa zvose nehwemweya peturu, inogona kubhururuka vanenge zviuru zvina makiromita (chokwadi - kwete kupfuura 3200).

Flight Control System

Flight Management System quadruplex adaptive. Ona kuti hapana zvokuimba negadziriro yeparutivi chiteshi. It imhaka kunzwisisa yemagetsi nehurongwa zvinopa inonyanya kuchinja panguva kunonyanyisa aimhanya kutiza, uyewo nechivimbo unhu ndege mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro. Forward Achitarisa Pirate maitiro uye kupomba-Doppler chiteshi ECR90 tiri chikamu chinoumba yakatarwa zvombo.

Inertial kufamba hurongwa. Ane mhete Laser gyros, mufambisi anogona kushandisa rinokosha ziso-chakarurama, uyewo zvokushandisa, izvo zvaitika inofanotaura Zvinokosha kurwisa muvengi. Uyezve, imwe gadziriro iri anokonzera tsanangudzo nzvenga anofambisa uye motokari nokurwiswa muvengi. Chokwadi, zvemagetsi anogona vanorumbidza nokuti zvombo hurongwa kuti yakanaka kushandiswa mune dogfight.

Defense Systems uye maitiro kurwiswa

Chinonyanya zvinodhura yemagetsi stuffing ndiye DASS hurongwa. Its nguva refu kuti asike mazhinji ne muGermany uye muUK. The maitiro pezvakaitwa uye Kurota umboo kuti ndege anogamuchira kubva Laser uye radar michina. Hazvina basa kusunungurwa yokubata kumeso uye jamming Inopa. It anodzora ndege uye kudzivirirwa pusa. Akaisa midziyo pamwe midziyo pamusoro bapiro. The Laser rangefinder pamwe mashandiro chipfuro chiratidzo iri riri pamusoro kuguma bapiro chikamu.

Ona kuti murwi uyu musimboti, haana dzakawanda zvombo bay. Ivo inotsiviwa suspensorial zvokunze iyo nyore zvikuru kuziva miedzo ndege kuti muvengi radar mugadziriro zvinoriumba, asi zvinogona yekudyidzana vawedzere kuwanda zvombo zvaishandiswa.

Zvakananga uyu wokuenzanisira murwi yakagadzirwa uye yakashandiswa polukonformnye mafuta matangi.

ndege Total akaita suspensorial gumi nokusunungura mapfundo. Avanotarisira kuisa kusvika zvitundumuseremusere ina "Skayflesh" (RAF) kana "Asp" (Italian Air Force). Ivo inoiswa zvishoma "chomumba" nzvimbo pasi Hull yacho ndege. Zvinonzi akabvumirawo nenzvimbo mbiri duku kutungamirirwa zvombo ASRAAM kana chinangwa-9. Vari Akarembera nodes pasi pemapapiro.

ndege Total inogona vakapakata zvombo gumi "Air-mhepo", asi muchiitiko chino, ari kutora-kure kurema motokari anofanira haapfuuri matani 18. vatatu vakaparadzana kuturika chikwata rakagadzirirwa akarembera mamwe mafuta matangi. Cherechedza kuti multi-basa murwi "Dutu" ari mberi akashongedzerwa ane otomatiki kanoni caliber pamusoro 27 neMM, riri mubasa kugadzirwa rakasimba "Mauser".

bhomba-mutoro

Kana uri kuronga kuita akarova kuvhiyiwa pasi, nomwe kwokunze hardpoints chinogona kutakura 6,500 makirogiramu kuti mabhomba, uyewo kanenge nhanhatu kutungamirirwa zvombo "mhepo-kuti-mhepo." The nharaunda pamusoro kuhondo kwacho kunogona kusapfuudza chiuru makiromita. Zviduku Kukwirira kuhondo kuti murwi anoonekwa chiratidzo 325 metres, kunonyanyisa - kiromita. The wakazara chombo Fighter bhomba "Dutu" (mapikicha pake zviripo izvi zvinhu) vangaita rwisana mishoni mumaawa matatu nehafu.

Kuparadzirwa mari kugadzirwa

Total aronga yaizobudisa 620 michina iyi mhando. Sezvo Pakutanga kwaiva zvina States kuti vakazvipira kubatanidzwa mupurogiramu, ndege vakapesana pakati pavo, maererano huripo kugadzirwa kugona.

Somuenzaniso, muUK mafekitari vakaedzawo kuunganidza 232 "Dutu", inounganidzwa muGermany, 180 zviyero, mugove Italy akamuka 121 ndege. VokuSpain, nokuda murombo kugadzirwa mamiriro, akapiwa kuunganidza varwi 87 chete. The ndege yokutanga yakatanga kusvika muna 2003. The UK yakagamuchirawo wokutanga Ndege ndege muenzaniso uyu panguva imwe chete, vamwe vavo pakarepo akapfuurira paumbwe 17 dzechikwata. It ndege nokungwarira akaedzwa. Sezvineiwo, EU pamutemo muna Air Force ndege akagamuchira chete 1 July 2005. The batch mangé 148 zviumbu evadzimi okutanga vakarwirwa, uye vose vachiri mubasa.

Nechekare muna 2002, hurumende yeAustria akaratidza kufarira pakuwana zvidimbu 18 zvokushandisa, vachiisa kupinda kugadzirwa pakarepo mabhiriyoni 2.55 emadhora. Zvisinei, muna June 2007 nokuda kuuya dambudziko, chibvumirano kwave rakadzokororwa: maererano ezvinhu matsva, kuti Austrians vaida kuwana anopfuura 15 ndege, uye mune mamwe "rakaderedzwawo" configuration. To musi, zvibvumirano yakafanana akasaina pamwe United Arab Emirates uye ane pedyo vatengi. Zvinonzi kuti EU vanofanira kuisa miti pamusoro pavo pakarepo 707 varwi.

Agreement kutanga kugadzirwa rechipiri batch mangé yakanga yakasainwa 14 December, 2004. The tranche ndege yokutanga akatora mumhepo muna 2008. Mumwe multi-basa murwi "Dutu" (Photo michina iri, munyaya) achabatsirwa zvakazara mugadziri magazini kusvikira pakuguma garandi nguva.

misiyano pakati mushanduro

Pakutanga zvaifungwa kuti ndege muenzaniso uyu ichashandiswa chete kurwa ndege muvengi. Asi pashure pakutanga mushandirapamwe muna Afghanistan, vatanga vachishingairira kushandisa kuti kudzvinyirira zvevhu kunangwa. Panzira, kana murwi akanga aita "Dutu" pamusoro third? Kashoma. Hungu, Afghanistan muchina Soviet aigona kuva, asi panguva iyoyo pakanga kare imwe mutyairi wendege, vaigona vabatirane mumhepo.

Upgraded michina kare muna 2008 kodzero aigona kunzi ari varwi multi-basa. Vanogona kusiyaniswa kubudikidza chidimbu FGR4 (kana rokuti iri, T3, pamberi penyu - miviri shanduro ndege). Asati kuti mafungiro matsva ose iripo "Dutu" vakanga upgraded kuguma 2012 asati. The murwi "Dutu 5" iri pari kuitwa mune chipatapata. Features zvichigere kuzivikanwa.

Kunatsiridzwa kwakaguma kuwedzera iri kumhara giya, zvachose zvitsva avionics, kusanganisira nani avionics hurongwa. Uyezve, pakanga yekudyidzana kunowedzera "mhepo-pasi" zvombo maitiro mhando kuti kwave zvinosiyana kudiwa aurayiwe ndege kurwiswa Ndege mabasa. Panguva iyoyo, Nhaurirano vari kuitwa kuti kugadzwa parudzi rwechitatu evadzimi. Kwavari EU ine guru urongwa: riri kuonekwa kuti UK oga anofanira kuva kanenge 170 "Dutu" by 2030.

Chechitatu shanduro ndege achava zvizere conformal mafuta matangi, kamwe zvakare, achatsiviwa zvachose kuburikidza pasi-bhodhi Electronics. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechokuti, wacho murwi Ndege kuti vakagadzirira aine zvakawanda simba propulsion hurongwa, uye radar vanoshingaira phased kuko kanyanga.

Asi chinonyanya kunakidza ndiye nadzurudzo ari "Dutu", yakagadzirirwa RAF (murwi "Dutu MK 1"). In musimboti ichi, ndege akanga hutsva zvinangwa kutungamirirwa gadziriro uye Laser zvenguva Radhika kuti vave zvikuru yakataurwa Israeli kuzvidzivirira kambani Rafael. akavandudzika zvikuru uye bhomba chombo. Saka, chero bedzi kuvapo kutungamirirwa mabhomba yairema makirogiramu 450. Ivo ichibudisa American dzesangano Raytheon. Vane mukana rokubatsira munhu Laser danda, uyewo GPS-kururamiswa hurongwa.

Ndege rwechitatu norwechina dzakatevedzana tentatively vanofanira kupinda basa nhengo kunyika chesungano, uye vamwe vatengi kare 2017. Zvinofungirwa kuti murwi "Dutu" chizvarwa 5th kutange kukudziridza panenge iyoyowo.