Gate Friedland: kero nhoroondo. Kaliningrad Museum

Russian Kaliningrad - guta rine nhoroondo dzinofadza. Kusvikira 1946 rakatumidzwa Königsberg uye aiva mumwe anokosha tsika uye dzidzo nzvimbo muGermany.

Zvinosuruvarisa pakurwa Hondo Yenyika II vazhinji mapurani pfungwa veguta kunge zvachose akarasika. Zvisinei, kunyange chiduku kuti vasara mubereko zvikuru vanoda kare.

Zvezvisarudzo zvinofadza vari turobektov Kaliningrad Friedland Gate. Kwemakumi emakore, chivako ichi miziyamu, riri kuna pre-hondo nhoroondo yeguta.

Masuo Königsberg

yesuwo rokutanga muguta yakavakwa muna XIII remakore. Pashure 4 emakore rwaiitwa basa iri pakuvaka First runodzivirira masvingo. Inoitwa 8 uye gedhi. Sezvo vose zvivako izvi zvakaitwa namatanda, makore 200 gare gare, vari kwazvo kusakadzwa, uye mambo Prussia Fridrih Vilgelm wechina akasarudza kuvaka kechipiri runodzivirira masvingo. Maneja yakatarwa mapurani Ernsta Lyudviga of Aster, uyo akasarudza kusika zvivako sezvinoita Chirungu Gothic Revival. First vakavaka suwo akava youshe, bogmærke iyo yakaitwa 1843, uye makore 10 gare gare Guta yakashongedzwa nevamwe zvakafanana marongerwo nhanhatu: Sackheim, Rossgartenskimi, Shtayndammskimi, Traghaymskimi, Ausfalskimi uye Hollanderbaumskimi. Kwokupedzisira pfungwa kuvakwa, kuramba tichishanda anenge 19 apfuura, aiva erection 2 masuwo matsva Double Arch design: Friedland uye Brandenburg. Wokutanga akawana zita rayo pakuyeuka zvivako zvikuru yekare. Raiva mumugwagwa unobatanidza guta Königsberg uye Friedland, uyo zvino kuzivikanwa Pravdinsk. Kuburikidza navo, akadzinga ngoro nezvatinopiwa Misha yaiva kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva Kaliningrad ano.

Gate Friedland: nhoroondo kuvakwa muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri

runodzivirira Second mukusimbisa pfupi chaizvo nguva akazadzisa kuzvidzivirira mabasa. Pakazosvika ramakumi remakore, zvakava pachena kuti vakanga vasingagoni kudzivirira guta kubva zvombo zvitsva kuti yakabuda kubva kuvakwa yavo. Muna 1910, negadziriro masvingo zvechiuto zvakabviswa uye akaparadza Traghaymskie, Shtayndammskie uye gedhi Hollanderbaumskie. zvimwe zvitatu Zvivako akadaro akarasika embankments, yepamusoro masvingo uye casemates. Pasina rokuvakazve kwaingova Rossgartenskie uye Gate Friedland. Zvisinei, migwagwa rwaiitwa ari dhituwa. Panguva iyoyowo kuvaka ane itsva inoti: ivo vava kugadzira mapango okuvaka kuti chime kuwana zvikuru nzvimbo Zuid-paki.

Munguva Soviet nguva munhoroondo Kaliningrad gedhi mawindo vakaisa, uye vakagovera kuvakwa dzokuchengetera. Mukutanga kuma1990, kana kuchenesa mvura nhare inoerera mupaki akawana vazhinji zvemumba chepakuvamba rechimakumi maviri remakore. Kuti pasi vaigara muguta uye vashanyi akazarura kwemasimba anowana panguva mumigwagwa Dzerzhinsky, 30. Uyezve, mumakore iwayo magedhi uye landscaped Zuid-Park yakava chikamu karwendo purogiramu boka German kuuya kunyika yokumusha kwavo kwenhau.

Description zvivako

Kufanana nevamwe masuo Königsberg, Friedland dzakavakwa munyika Gothic Revival manyorerwo kuti inonyatsoratidza zvinhu chakanangana Chirungu mapurani Tudor nguva. The purojekiti ndeaani hazvizivikanwi, asi vaongorori vanodavira kuti, Ungangove, ndiye Friedrich Shtyuler.

On chikamu rekare guta Friedland gedhi France rakakamurwa 6 zvikamu pamwe buttresses shanu. Vakataura mukoko magumo chete decoration turrets uye protrude pamusoro decoration rumhanda pamwe shongwe. All they, madhoo uye mahwindo yakashongedzwa nezvikumbaridzo uye dzinoitwa muchimiro Lancet Maberere.

masuwo Friedland nechepakati chikamu vane mirayiridzo maviri pahupamhi 4.39 M uye kukwirira 4.24 M kumicheto casemates zvivako zviri kurongwa, uye kunze -. Guardhouse. The suwo France iri yakashongedzwa grid. Zviri nedhaimani semufananidzo zvidhinha dzakasiyana ruvara.

The zvivezwa pamusoro France

Gate Friedland (Kaliningrad) vakanga yakashongedzwa chidhori Friedrich of Zollern, uyo aiva mumwe yakakurumbira Great dzematunhu wehondo Teutonic Order. Zvinosuruvarisa chepakutanga akarasika panguva kurwa muna Second World War. Imwe chivezwa ane knight - Siegfried of Feuchtwangen, Tenzi Mukuru, uyo akavamba Middle Castle muna neguta reMarienburg, - iri kunze kwesuwo. munyori wayo muvezi Vilgelm Lyudvig Shtyurmer. vashande kudzorera Zvivako izvi uye nhasi dzaiitwa 2005 uye 2008, sapakutanga, tora nzvimbo dzavo uye tiri kumwe mifananidzo nzvimbo Kaliningrad.

Museum "gedhi Friedland"

sangano iri tsika yayo chitarisiko vanosungirwa iyi miviri - Alexander G. novikov Avetisyants Ella Petrovna. Vakakwanisa kutsausa kadiki kuratidzwa mune ano Museum, apo basa tsika uye dzidzo basa.

Muna 2007 aiva somumwe 3 best zvirongwa rakatangwa muna 2007-2008. Uyezve, tsika rave richiziviswa Kumukundi of All-Russian kukwikwidzirana Mumamiziyamu ari rwokugadzira muboka.

ekisiposha

The pashoo wokutanga anonzi "guta rine". Vashanyi vanokokwa kuti pfupi karwendo nomumapeji nhoroondo Königsberg nokuona ane 6 yemaminitsi firimu uye kujairirana ruzivo inomira. Ipapo vanokokwa guru horo, iyo dzimba chikamu pashoo wechipiri, uye akabata rakapotsa vanofamba kuburikidza pre-hondo guta. Unenge chaicho bruschatoy mugwagwa, iyo hwaponeswa pagedhi, akatendeuka kupinda rakapotsa, akasikwa kubudikidza projecting primed mawindo. projectors zvitatu kusika zvingori mumaziso, kungoita miganhu yenyika chaiyo uye "okuchenesa" porusvingo. Kunyange mukuru rakarurama kuitika batanidza ruzha Migumisiro: creaking ngoro, vana vachiseka uye akatarira kushamiswa hadzi pazvitsitsinho. Under izvi ruzha sightseers kuchinjirwa Königsberg kunopera XIX - mangwanani XX remakore, anozivikanwa sebindu guta, uye "German Atlantis".

Virtual rwokuparidza

Light uye kurira dzinoratidza rinovapo chaizvo awa rimwe. Panguva ino, vatori vanotungamirirwa Tours kuburikidza enhoroondo muzinda Königsberg, izvo, zvinosuruvarisa muupenyu chaihwo hapana rworuboshwe. Ikoko "ichidonhedzera" iri kuratidza nyaya cafes, zvitoro uye Pharmacies, uyewo vapupurire mabhiriji kuburikidza Old pergola. Pamusoro okuguma rakapotsa runobudirira, vashanyi vanozviwana mupaki chaiyo, wakange akaiswa mukuvamba ramakumi remakore panzvimbo vaimbova masvingo, uye kunakidzwa runako yacho Kaliningrad nharaunda.

"Echo Wehondo" Kuonana

The miziyamu "gedhi Friedland", vashanyi anogona atange kufunga kunakidzwa vanga mukamuri, stylized mabhomba muHondo Yenyika II. Pane muAtlantic imwe audio-visual kuratidzwa "Echo Wehondo". Zvinonzi kusiyaniswa munhu ano nzira uye zvinoshingaira kushandisa chiedza, inzwi uye Manyiminya migumisiro nokuda kushandisa noungwaru zvigadzirwa.

"Hall Knights '"

Sezvambotaurwa, Gate Friedland (kero: Dzerzhinsky, 30) ave yakashongedzwa zviratidzo ari Teutonic Order. Mukuwedzera, vari mifananidzo vakakurumbira vamiririri vayo dzakatangwa. Hapana tsaona kuti nhasi ari miziyamu imwe kwamagwaro kuna Knights ari Teutonic Order, izvo zvinoratidza rokuvakazve maoko uye nezvombo, kugadzirwa maererano kare ruzivo.

Kupunduka uye sewerage

Panguva iyoyo, Prussian guta Koenigsberg yainzi imwe yenzvimbo hwomutambarakede maguta muGermany uye kuBaltic nharaunda. Centralized tsvina hurongwa kwakaonekwa kwokutanga zvikuru kupfuura mumaguta zvakawanda Russian Empire. The miziyamu inoshanda mukati gedhi Friedland, vashanyi vanokokwa kuona pashoo yakatsaurirwa kuna chinokosha pakuderedza uyu ano utilities. It inotiudza wekare tsvina hurongwa, akasikwa pakati rechitatu chemakore BC. e. muguta Mohenjo-Daro, iri Pakistan, pamusoro pombi dzemvura in Ancient Rome, uyewo nzira mvura Ages Europe uye Russia. Vashanyi Achazivawo mashoko anofadza pamusoro World Toilet Organization, uye kuti akaparidza November 19 sezvo International Day chimbuzi.

"With kutenda mwoyo"

The miziyamu "suo Friedland" (kero ona. Above) kuratidzwa pamwe chete zita riri yakatsaurirwa vokutanga kugara, uyo akasvika muna chakasakara British mhepo simba uye hondo yaaigara Dzvuku Kaliningrad kubva zvose pamusoro Soviet Union pakarepo pashure pehondo. Museum vashanyi kucharatidzwa sei kuona guta vanhu vanouya kuongorora ndima yausingazivi, uyewo vamwe heirlooms mhuri vakauya navo. Mukuwedzera, vachaona basa Artist R. Borisovas uye muunganidzwa zvinhu zvinoshandiswa pakunamata, chine michinjikwa uye Kumbofungatira mifananidzo.

Kaliningrad Museum

Muguta kune zvimwe zvinhu zvinonakidza zvichawanikwa kuziva kushanyira vashanyi. Izvi zvinosanganisira unyanzvi maberere, "Forte N 5", mumwe muunganidzwa rinopenya uye zvigadzirwa kubva ichi zvinhu, uye vamwe. Kutaura zvazviri, vakawanda vavo dziri mune yaimbova masvingo. Somuenzaniso, rakamirira Contemporary Art awana potera neshongwe yemauto "Korona Muchinda", yakavakwa muna XIX remakore.

Zvino imi munoziva kupi Gate Friedland. Kaliningrad - guta akapfuma nhoroondo uye zvinokwezva zvakawanda. With ake kushanya zvechokwadi inokosha kushanya panguva mumugwagwa Dzerzhinsky, 30, kunoshanyira miziyamu kuna Königsberg yekare.