Glycolysis - nayo ... Uye zvinokosha shuga oxidation

Munyaya ino tichakurukurei muudzame Kurovedza glycolysis, ayo pezvakaitwa, kuongorora dariro uye nzendo. Kutarira anaerobic oxidation kuti shuga, dzidza pamusoro shanduka okunatsiridza acho uye kuona kwayo yomuzvarirwo kukosha.

Chii glycolysis

Glycolysis - mumwe wevatatu siyana shuga oxidation kwacho randakaberekwa oxidation muitiro pachayo achabatsirwa nokusunungurwa simba, iyo anochengeterwa NADH uye ATP. In nedanho glycolysis kubva shuga Morekuru yakabereka mamorekuru maviri pyruvic acid.

Glycolysis - Maitikiro acho zvinoitika pasi pokudzora siyana zvoutachiona catalysts - makemikari. The chikuru oxidant ndiyo okisijeni - O _{2 Zvisinei,} dzinotsanagura glycolysis anogona mberi kwaro asipo. Izvi mhando inonzi glycolysis - anaerobic glycolysis.

Glycolysis kwacho pasina okisijeni

Anaerobic glycolysis - shuga oxidation Danho kwacho umo shuga haisi zvakazara oxidized. Anoumba rimwe morekuru pyruvic acid. Uye maererano simba, glycolysis kusavapo okisijeni (anaerobic) iduku inoshanda. Zvisinei, kubvuma okisijeni kupinda muchitokisi anaerobic oxidation muitiro anogona kutendeukira Kurovedza uye iyerere ichipinda zvizere chimiro.

zvigadziriswe pakati glycolysis

Pfungwa glycolysis - a-kabhoni matanhatu shuga manyowa pyruvate sezvo vaviri-kabhoni matatu mamorekuru. Masero pacharo rakakamurwa 5 zvokukura kugadzirira uye 5 nzendo, umo simba anochengeterwa ATP.

Pfungwa glycolysis 2 matanho uye 10 nzendo ndeinotevera:

• Stage 1, Stage 1 - shuga phosphorylation. Maererano wechitanhatu kabhoni atomu rimwe shuga pachayo saccharide iri kusashanda kuburikidza phosphorylation.
• Step 2 - Isomerization kuti shuga-6-phosphate. Panguva iyi CATALYTIC fosfoglyukozoimeraza zvaunoswedera shuga kupinda fructose-6-phosphate.
• Step 3 - Fructose-6-phosphate, uye ayo phosphorylation. Danho iri paumbwe fructose-1,6-diphosphate (aldolase) kubudikidza kuitwa phosphofructokinase-1, izvo rinoperekedza boka phosphoryl kubva adenosine triphosphate kusvikira morekuru fructose.
• Step 4 - ndiwo muitiro ine aldolase yokuumba zviviri triose phosphate mamorekuru, kureva eldozy uye ketose.
• Step 5 - triose uye isomerization. Panguva iyi, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate rwunotumirwa nekutambira nhanho kukamurwa shuga uye dihydroxyacetone phosphate unobuda muchimiro glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate pedyo enzayemu.
• Step 2, danho 6 (1) - Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate wayo oxidation - danho iri iyo morekuru phosphorylated uye oxidized kusvika 1,3-diphosphoglycerate.
• Step 7 (2) - rinotungamirirwa kutamira phosphate boka kuti ADP 1,3-diphosphoglycerate. The yokupedzisira zvibereko Danho rino ndivo paumbwe 3-phosphoglycerate uye ATP.
• Step 8 (3) - kuchinja kubva 3-phosphoglycerate 2-phosphoglycerate. Izvi zvinoitika pasi pokudzora mutase enzayemu. Chinodiwa kuti makemikari kuita pamberi magnesium (MG).
• Step 9 (4) - 2 fosfoglitserta tasara tisina mvura.
• Step 10 (5) - iri Muyambo uye ADP akatamisa phosphates zvinobva kwemutemo yapfuura matanho. Energy iri kune fosfoenulpirovata pamwe ADP. Kuti kuita kunoda potassium Ion (K) uye magnesium (MG).

Mutated siyana glycolysis

glycolysis muitiro unogona pamwe okuwedzera chizvarwa 1,3 uye 2-3-bifosfoglitseratov. 2-3-phosphoglycerate kukanganiswa chaivo tiwedzere anokwanisa kudzokera uye kutama glycolysis muchimiro 3-phosphoglycerate. Basa makemikari izvi dzaisiyana, semuenzaniso, 2-3-bifosfoglitserat riri Chizenga kunokonzera okisijeni kupfuura kupinda zvinyama, kufambisa dissociation uye kuderedza O ₂ sungano uye erythrocytes.

Mabhakitiriya zhinji kuchinja chimiro glycolysis mumatanho akasiyana-siyana, nokuderedza nhamba yavo yose, kana kugadzurudza navo pasi pokudzora makemikari siyana. A chikamu chiduku anaerobes ane dzimwe nzira carbohydrate kudzikisirana. thermophiles vakawanda vane 2 chete enzayemu pamusoro glycolysis, kuti enolase uye pyruvate kinase.

Glycogen uye starch, disaccharides, uye mamwe marudzi monosaccharides

Kurovedza glycolysis - mumwe muitiro unhu uye dzimwe mhando carbohydrate, asi zvakananga zviri tinoberekwa starch, glycogen, vakawanda disaccharides (Munoz, galactose, fructose, sucrose, uye vamwe). Mashandiro anoita ose makabhohaidhiretsi kazhinji nechinangwa generating simba, asi chaizvo dzingasiyana ayo chinangwa, kushandiswa uye zvichingodaro .. Somuenzaniso, glycogen amenable glycogenesis kuti chaizvoizvo, ndiyo fosfoliticheskim zvigadziriswe zvainanga generating simba iri kukamurwa glycogen. The chaizvo chete glycogen zvinogona mudura muviri sezvo negadziriro yeparutivi simba kunobva. Saka, Somuenzaniso, shuga, vakawana pakudya, asi kwete rinoita kuti uropi, uye vaunganidza chiropa richashandiswa pamwe kushayikwa shuga mumuviri kudzivirira munhu pamusoro zvakakomba kukundikana homeostasis.

Meaning of glycolysis

Glycolysis - dzakasiyana asi kwete chete mhando oxidation kuti shuga pamuviri, sero sezvo prokaryotes uye eukaryotes. Glycolytic makemikari zviri mvura-soluble. Zvaakazoita glycolysis mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzomuviri uye masero vanogona chete kuitika nenzira iyi, semuenzaniso, muuropi uye chiropa masero, nephron. Dzimwe nzira oxidation kuti shuga haina kushandiswa nhengo idzi. Zvisinei, havasi vose zvakafanana mashandiro anoita glycolysis. Somuenzaniso, mafuta uye chiropa rinenge panguva kugaya buritsa zvakafanira substrates kuti kwetunhu shuga kubva mafuta. Zvirimwa zvakawanda vanoshandisa glycolysis senzira huru chikamu simba kugadzirwa.