Gobvu dhamu munyika. Zvakadzamisisa uye cleanest nyanza

"Baikal, zvingaita sokuti ari kudzvinyirira vanhu rayo UKURU uye kukura - zvose guru, vose zvakanaka, zvakanaka, uye inoshamisa - zviri, pamusoro Zvakatosimbisa anomutsa." Aya ndiwo mashoko Rasputin, zvikuru sei njodzi Russian Empire, hofori inokanganisa Russia uye nyika kusvikira zvino.

Asi chii chaizvoizvo? kana mufananidzo yakasiyana mune subconscious izvo kunze. revafambi, vashanyi, Photographers, vaongorori? Chii gobvu nyanza munyika chokwadi? Ngatiedzei kudzidza Baikal pedyo.

Baikal apo akaenda?

Baikal - mitswi panyika nechepasi, ndiwo gobvu dhamu iri munyika, iri pakati Asia, pakati Buryatia uye Irkutsk nharaunda. Depression ndiwo musimboti vanonzi Baikal magma vagadzirisane mapazi pasi iro rinopisa nemakwati uye kupararira kumativi. Somugumisiro, Lake Baikal ari kuwedzera pana 2 cm pagore, uye munguva yemberi iri kure ichava gungwa dzakazara. Kunyange zvazvo iye zvino mvura mariri kuitira kuti munhu wose ari panyika Zvakaringanira mamiriyoni 3.2 litres.

Zvaidavirwa kuti paumbwe bheseni rakatanga kumativi mamiriyoni 25-20 apfuura. Asi sezvo pamusana rwendo "Worlds musi Baikal" muna 2009, vatsvakurudzi Ulan-Ude kugungwa pasi madhaka anoputika vakawana kuti, maererano pfungwa, akaumba deposits jecha uye silt pasi. zvakawanikwa "tawanazve simba" muviri kwakadaro mvura kusvika 150 chemakore, uye nemhenderekedzo - kusvika 8000.

Vanhu Lake Baikal vavo ngano

Zvakabuda matongo tsvakurudzo Irkutsk State University akati kuti makore 3000 akapfuura yaigarwa Huns pamhenderekedzo Lake Baikal. Makore 2000-1500 apfuura, vakaparadzaniswa kubva Turkic vaitaura marudzi, uye gare gare - ari 7-8 emakore - uye Mongol.

To 12-13 emakore. BC inogarwa Baikal Barghouti, uyo pakupedzisira akasundudzira Buryats vaigara pamusoro pegungwa saka kure. Baikal itsvene kuti Buryats. Pane zvakawanda ngano pamusoro wayo mavambo.

Mumwe wavo anoti gobvu gungwa munyika wakabva moyo womutorwa, iyo vakapisa pasi kwazvo. Kubva pakadzika pasi richidzutuka Hova yemvura uye vakazadza gomba.

Murima chakavanzika uye mipata uye makomo. Somuenzaniso, ari Shaman achazunungusa pachitsuwa. Apfuure wake hazviiti mavhiri. Chete bhiza kana sleigh. All nokuti muridzi anogara ibwe iri Angara, Ama Sagan-kuNoyon. Uye Shaman-ibwe - ndiko chimedu padombo, iyo Baikal akauraya mwanasikana wake Angara.

Sei "Baikal"?

Zvichida, kamwe vaigara Baikal nharaunda vokuTurkey akadana gobvu nyanza munyika kutenga-Kul, zvinoreva "akapfuma gungwa". Kunenge kuti kubudikidza Mongolian Baigal Dalai, zvinoreva "gungwa guru", uye akava zita rake.

Yawanikwa nyanza Baikal

With veMubatanidzwa vanhu pamusoro Lake Baikal akatanga kudzidza. Zvakabuda "sayenzi" marudzi ekare kunogona kuonekwa pa Cape Ludar mumapako pamwe petroglyphs of neolithic iri Chinese renhoroondo dzamadzimambo yechikristu.

Pokutangira pakudzidza Lake Baikal Russian anogona kunzi pakati rechi17. Muna 1643 Kurbat Ivanov akazarura pagungwa. Avvakum Petrov, akatanga kurondedzera papepa iwo hofori. Muna cha1667, gobvu gungwa munyika kokutanga angosimuka muna pamepu "Blueprint Siberian Land", uye gare gare, Nikolai Spafary akatsanangura nayo nesayenzi.

Education Academy of Sciences zvakasimbisa adzidze kwegungwa. Kubva 1723 muna Baikal nharaunda dzakaitwa enzvimbo, cartographic, hydrographic rwendo, vave vakanyora mamiriro ayo, akaisa mberi hypotheses nezvemavambo mvura muviri.

Scientific uye kwesayenzi mberi muzana remakore rechi20 kwakaita kuti adzidze Lake Baikal nokuzvikomo itsva. Svetuka yakadzika-gungwa motokari, kusanganisira vane vatsvakurudzi muchikepe kuchera pasi, kushanda neutrino teresikopu - gobvu nyanza kuRussia anokupa huru kukwanisa kwesainzi.

Baikal kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka

High anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri uye mipata yakadzika, inowanzorimwa uye taiga, nemamwe mvura - mamiriro ezvinhu kukura mhuka dziva uye Baikal nharaunda. Gobvu dhamu munyika - wakanaka muenzaniso namahwindo mararamiro.

Unowanikwa anopfuura 50 mhando hove, 27 iyo - ndivo endemic, kuti hauwanikwi kumwe. Cisco, golomyanka, Pike, Sarimoni, Amur Catfish - zvose achiwanza kupfuura zvakadzamisisa uye cleanest nyanza, iwe zita nayo.

Masango yakapoteredza mugungwa, akazara anopfuura 80, 230 zvamarudzi shiri nemhuka azvaitwa. Bear, mhuka musii, cormorants, Elk, Siberian Blue Robin, gondo, nondo, musk mhembwe, wolverine, Sable, chisimbiso, chiratidzo pakati Fauna of Lake Baikal - ichi chinhu kukwana mazita zvipenyu, zvichiitika akadzivirira mumasango uye mvura gungwa. Siberian larch, ferns, 37 marudzi, nemisidhari, nemamwe algae - yakasiyana kasvisto.

kwezvakatipoteredza mungozi

Mundima Baikal nharaunda, akakamurwa 5 reserves 3 National Parks, vanoda kudzivirirwa. The '66 remakore rechi20 kurutivi rwezasi bhengi Akapiwa basa iri pulp uye bepa chigayo. Kubvira panguva ino tiri muchiverenga mhosva dzezvakatipoteredza.

Muchetura effluents zvakatungamirira kuti nenjodzi mamiriro 10 mativi mamita. ? km uye mvura pamusoro pemvura 70 sq. ? km nzvimbo pasi. MPC phenols, petrochemicals, sulphates vakapfuura dzimwe nguva.

To kusvibiswa kubva pulp nebepa chigayo mukupera 90s akawedzera pevhu peturu mudhamu. 18 zviuru matani peturu mu girazi mufekitari nzvimbo Ulan-Ude Baikal mungozi hweHIV.

The Baikal mupenyu?

Chero bedzi mamiriro ezvinhu hakuna kuipa zvachose, gobvu gungwa kuRussia vanodzirurira zvose.

Vavhimi foraged the ringed chisimbiso - nyama, ganda, mafuta. Vabati vehove tengesa cisco muna matatu siyana, uyewo mhuru ake, grayling, burbot. Golomyanka - hove, hafu zvinosanganisira mafuta, achishingaira kutengeswa kuvafambi.

Pine nzungu, nemipaini nati mafuta, Siberian uswa, zvishongo kubva zvomunharaunda charoite - rakasiyana ibwe Lilac, matkamuistoja, zviridzwa - zvose anoenderera pasero.

Ice uye Baikal

Kana totaura chando - kubva October kuna June - hupenyu Vagari ari kuchinja. Anglers enda nokungwarira pamusoro chando hove, kuchovha pamusoro Irkutsk Buryats divi. Asi rinorema motokari hakutangi kusvikira February - pashure zvizere nokusimbaradza ari goko.

Ice kunounza ngozi. Hummocks kukwirira kwevanhu haisi chaityisa kudaro. Vanogona kutyaira kumativi. Ayo anova pakakoromoka. Pakarepo painovazarukira nokurira bang, zvikuru anovhura muromo wake, izvozvo absorbs dzose dzakapoteredza. vakauraya vanopfuura zana akavarairwa kwazvo nzira yakadaro.

Munguva yechando chando inokura kusvika 100-120 cm dzimwe nguva kusvika 150. Panguva iyoyo zviri zvinoshamisa pachena sezvo rinoonekera. Ice rinovapo kusvikira pakutanga June. Kare muna May, zvinokwanisika kufamba mbatya muzhizha, nekuti okunze ari munyoro nokuti Baikal mudunhu kuSiberia muna chando Paavhareji -20 uye jeka mazuva kupfuura kumaodzanyemba dziri nyika.

Vacation musi Lake Baikal

The kujairika hunhu uye wokuratidza runako vakaiswa campers ake. In yechando, gobvu gungwa munyika kuminyuka Skiing, Skating, Snowboarding, Snowmobiling, kure-munzira motokari, tichiita chando hove uye kuvhima. Photos kubva Baikal yakabereka kusimba akanaka uye anoyevedza.

Unogona kugara zvinotivaraidza nzvimbo. Anonyanyowanika riri Irkutsk divi. Buryat - kunyanya reserves.

With veMubatanidzwa kwezhizha, pane kuvaraidzwa nazvo zvitsva. The akasiyana penzvimbo mvura zvaunoswedera kiteboarders, Kayakers uye amateurs kudzikama mvura nzendo ngarava. Mountains, zvikomo uye masango vari rakanakira gomo cu, downhill uye rinorema musango. Vakundi kwegomo vachaonga Cherskii kukwira - 2588 metres uye neboka 2Vanhu.

Tora kunyudza Lake Baikal - a feat. Above madhigirii 12 tembiricha mvura rukasafashukira. Pasinei nokuti jecha riri mahombekombe chemhando vomureza. Kana uchiri havadi kusiya pasina mufananidzo pachavo mumvura pegungwa, zvakakodzera kutarisira bays. Sezvo mvura rematsutso navo kusimba. Unogonawo kuenda anonzi Sea Small. Ndicho panjodzi kuti Anopatsanura zvachose mvura kunharaunda pachitsuwa Olkhon.

Lake Baikal - gobvu nyanza munyika - rakanakira mhuri zororo. Recreation Zvivako kupa nzvimbo nyaradzo rakafara zvakasiyana. Geothermal uye mhepo mashiripiti nokuporesa chero muviri uye mweya.