Gun "Hotchkiss" - kweguyo pikicha

Pasinei ayo hunoshamisa basa, pfuti, "Hotchkiss" kumbobvira vakamira kuramba maoko kamwe hondo munyika, nekuti kuwedzera kune hama nyore mudziyo, hakuna hwakanaka. Akanga vachishingaira kushandiswa muhondo uye yepashure pehondo, wakati muchidimbu muzvirongwa UK uye Indian misha, izvo zvakanga zvamboshandiswa inotongwa France, uye nhasi akanga akanganwa zvachose munyika.

Miedzo wokutanga mharidzo

Zvichienderana kukura urongwa pfuti, vakakwanisa kuvaka muenzaniso mutsva chombo - pfuti, "Hotchkiss", izvo kare muna 1909 chaipiwa kuna musika nyika kamwechete muna 7 uye 10 makirogiramu Bhaibheri. Kwakanyanya yokuenzanisira akanga vakapakata kwete chete hunde, izvo zvaida kuti yaitsiva shoma nguva yakanga zvikuru muhondo, asi kupisa singi, izvo pakarepo kufarira pfuti dhipatimendi Artkoma GAU, uyo akasarudza kuedza kuva chombo mutsva nepfuti siyana.

Pasinei chokwadi kuti panguva kushandiswa akadzokorora kukundikana mugamuchiri ino, zvombo dhipatimendi vakasarudza kuramba tichizviedza, uye akaita kuti mutsva chiduku batch mangé kwepfuti kuonekwa. Chisarudzo ichi chaiva nechokuita chokuti vakawanda dzimwe nyika, pamwe hombe zvigwagwagwa, Vakanga vakabata zvikuru uye "pfuti-pfuti", vatopiwa kwakapararira nokuda kwayo kugona uye hama compactness zvakananga, yaishora kuti paiva pasina, uye chinyorwa - pfuti "Hotchkiss" aigona kuva nzira yakanaka.

On Air Fleet mu nezvombo

Muna 1912, kambani yave imwe kambani inosuma idzva nadzurudzo pamusoro pfuti, rakagadzirirwa kuisa pamusoro ndege zvechiuto. The mudziyo aiva maitiro musiyano kubva pakutanga mharidzo. Gun "Gochkins" vakagamuchira pachinzvimbo wemari chivhorovhoro kubata, kuti zvakanga akawedzera rinokosha hurongwa kuona uye swivel Unit, huve nyore zvikuru kushandiswa kana nerechiratidzo. chikoro Infantry mukuru akagamuchira mifananidzo yepamusoro zvishandiso vokutanga June 1914, zvakananga kubva mugadziri.

Mupiro kuna First World

Pasinei nokuti pakutanga mienzaniso haana kunakidzwa mukurumbira chinokosha, pfuti hurongwa, "Hotchkiss" akava mukuru vaida pamberi World War First.

Countries dzava pamusoro bhodhi:

• France - 1909. Zvakanaka-isingachinji hurongwa kunoita kubereka zviumbu anopfuura 700 pamwedzi. The rinofarirwa kupfuura muenzaniso aiva French pfuti "Hotchkiss" muna 1922, kurema kwayo mune nekutambira shanduro zvose hazvina kupfuudza 9.6 makirogiramu. zvakagadzirwa Universal ambotirega vaipfura pamwero wenyika vaitenderera 450 paminiti, waiva akakosha chaizvo paakati panguva iyoyo. muenzaniso uyu yaiva kunobatsira hurongwa moto kudzvinyirira, achigere kushandiswa, uye yave yakanyatsoiswa zvakananga Upfu.
• UK - Mark I «Hotchkiss '303 zvachose kurimwa hwakagadzwa muna 1915.
• USA - "Bhene Mercier" 30 M1909. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti nokuti nguva kusvikira 1916 mu US Army akanga asina kupfuura 679 kubva zvivezwa izvi.

Zvisinei kunyika yayo mugadziri kusvitsa hurongwa shangu bipod, mhete Upfu pamwe nembambo kuti pfuti raiva nyore zvikuru kuisa pamusoro chiedza mutiraipodhi, nokuisa pasi neshure hwakawanda kuti mukuru pakusimba. Pasinei chokwadi kuti munyika dzakadai Spain, Norway, Greece uye Brazil, asina raparurwa kugadzirwa maturusi izvi, yaivakwanira zvombo vakakubatsira kugadzirisa zvachose dambudziko chokusava.

Mudziyo pfuti "Hotchkiss"

Pasinei ose okunatsiridza, "Hotchkiss" akaita rakaramba zvakawanda mudziyo yaro yepakutanga, zvatinogamuchira chinokosha nokusimbaradza utera. The regulator of gasi mukamuri sezvo pisitoni iri unscrewed chakagadzwa pamberi mukamuri uye wakashanda nokuyera vhoriyamu, anodonha gasi Pazvakangomutambudza asvika dzinonetsa exponent. propellant gasi buditsa hurongwa rakagadzirwa zvokuti havana kubva humburumbira, akapfuurawo nokunyika refu weboka gasi pisitoni, akashongedzerwa aine kamwene uye akabvisa kuburikidza pasi transverse dzikapupurira pakati Upfu pasina kukonzera museve chero kuzvuzvungudza.

Mubato kuti rinoshandiswa recharge pfuti apo vachiridza basa rimwe fiyuzi. The kushandisa michina Hurongwa, nokuda kwayo mufambo, aiva kureba sitiroko kusvika 106 mm. Muridzi pfuti aigona, akatendeuka, kuti zvionekwe kuti pacharo umo muoti pfuti richashandiswa:

• S - fiyuzi.
• R - kuroora moto.
• A - chichiitwa moto.

Uyezve, pfuti, "Hotchkiss" akamuka zvishoma nokuveza pasuwo uye chikamu hunde, waiva mukuru chakaita nokuchinja pakati zvinhu izvi zvokushandisa zviri fastening hurongwa. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, kuti batira akavimbiswa kuroorwa, akashongedzerwa siyana wechipfuwo sectors, vari iyo akashandura dhiramu somugumisiro matambudziko ari pisitoni tsvimbo, vasiyana mukati pfuti.

Power pfuti

Undoraira pfuti aifanira kuva yakaoma tepi. Panguva iyoyowo vanofanira kufunga kuti kana ayo kusunungurwa akanga akatakurwa ari UK, uwandu zvombo kwakanga 30 hrs., Uye kana mu France, zvidimbu 24 chete. Kana kupfura Anoshandura tap-buri mhikuriso munwe mari yakagadzwa Mobile ino.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti ndinorova hurongwa nerimwe musiyano waiva nomumwe Gun "Hotchkiss" muna 1914 akapomera asi kusanduka simbi tepi pamwe rakaoma Links, imwe neimwe iyo dzichienderana pamusoro cartridges matatu. Kushandiswa, imwe kunaka chinhu, pasinei nokuti bhanhire uremu iri nyore zvikuru kupfuura chitoro, hazvisi kunyanya akavimbika, uye mutariri inova rakaoma zvikuru usiku chakaonekwa. Panguva garo repuranga, akaita chivhorovhoro fungidziro uye vanorega nokuda pamapfudzi. Uyezve, kana zvichikodzera, inogona papi mariri, kunyange ruomba dhishi, chakanga dhipatimendi inokosha.

Makore Pre-hondo uye Hondo Yenyika II

Pamberi nokutambudzika Second World War, rinorema pfuti, "Hotchkiss" 13.2 neMM, yakabudiswa muna France, zvakare akatanga kuwana mukurumbira. Izvi zvakanga kunyanya nokuti kuti akagadzira rinopa kwete chete firepower asi nokukurumidza uye kupfura, vakapiwa yakakwirira prices ari kutanga kumhanya bara.

pfuti mashandiro ndiyo mhando muridzi wengoma - kwakabatana chokuti ayo rukungiso mashandiro, vakaungana shure ndiro zvakananga, inopa kwerunyararo zvaitika moto chete. The chete drawback muenzaniso uyu kuti aifanira undoraira muzvitoro, vhoriyamu asingasvavi kusapfuudza 15 vaitenderera. In mukana uyu overheating dziviriro michina, inova rumbabvu yakaumbwa pamwe yose pakureba Upfu.

To musi, uyu wokuenzanisira pfuti raisafanira kukanganikwa, kunyange zviri uchibatsirwa vokuGermany akakwanisa kugara refu kudaro ari ndakabatikana zvinzvimbo, dzakabata Soviet nevarwi firepower ake.