Guta reChita: chizvarwa uye nhoroondo

Guta guru riri muEastern Siberia, guta guru reTrans-Baikal Territory, iyo iri pakati peChita region, nzvimbo huru yekufambisa ndiyo Chita.

General information

Guta iri riri pamatope emigwagwa miviri: Yablonovoy naChersky, pamusangano weChita River mu Ingoda. Munharaunda yeChita pane gomo reTitovskaya rakatsetseka rakakura mamita 946, uyewo gungwa Kenon. Zvinhu zvakasikwa zvakasiyana-siyana: kubva kumahombe uye mapoka kuenda kumakomo taiga massives.

Chita inowanikwa mune imwe nzvimbo yekutaura kwekondinendi yemamiriro okunze nechingwa chiduku munguva yechando uye kune chando chakasvibira. Kurega kubva muguta guru reRussia Federation muMoscow kunosvika 5000 km.

Kubva munhau yeguta

Chimiro cheChita chinosanganiswa nekubudirira kwezvinhu zvakawanda zveSiberia nekushandira vanhu. Kufamba zvakadzika muSiberia zvinoshandiswa pashure peCossacks, kwaiva nevatengesi vakasiyana-siyana nevashandi vemabhizimisi. Simba raPeter Beketov muna 1653 rakasvika parwizi. Ingoda uye akaisa kugara kwechando. Iyi kugadziriswa yainzi Plotishche, sezvo pano kunovakwa kwemakororo, gare gare zvikepe zvaiitwa. Kuva nechinzvimbo chekugara kwenyika, kuva pamaganho ekupfuura nemvura, Plotishche yakakurumidza kukura. Muna 1699 jeri rakaonekwa, iro muna 1706 rainzi Chitinsky.

Nokufambira mberi kwayo mberi, guta remangwana rinosungirwa kukudziridza migodhi yesirivha, inozivikanwa seMerchen mines, munharaunda yekutanga kwezana remakore rechi17, nekuvaka zvigadzirwa. Kubva pane zvakanyorwa zvakanyorwa zvezana remakore rechi18 rakazosvika kwatiri, mumwe anogona kuziva vanhu veChita panguva iyoyo. Muna 1762 yaiva 73 vagari. Kushaikwa kwevanhu vane simba kwakazadza nekushandisa basa revakatongerwa.

Nokufamba kwenguva, jeri rakatanga kutora dhipatimendi rekumigodhi yeNerchen. Izvi zvakasiya chikwangwani pamabasa evanhu. Chita akaenderera mberi nekufambiswa kwemaindasitiri nekuda kwekuti vagari vayo vakatanga kupisa marara ekunyungudutsa mafuta, vachichipa kumiti yeShilkinsky. Basa rakajairika revanhu vomunharaunda raivewo masango, soro rezvitoro riri parwizi.

Mumakore makumi maviri. XIX yezana remakore muguta racho makange mave neve 300 vagari vemo. Chita yakava pakati peCita volost. Basa rinokosha mukusimudzirwa kweguta rakatambidzwa neDecembrists, vakatapwa pano kuti vashandise chirango.

Pakati pezana remakore rechina, nzvimbo yeTransbaikal yakaumbwa. Musoro weguta guru rekumusha waiva Chita, uyo vanhu vake vakatanga kukura nokukurumidza. Muna 1863 pakange pane vatatu vagara vagari.

Muzana remakore rechi20, Chita akapinda muguta rakabudirira reSiberia. Aireji yakavakwa, mafekitari mazhinji uye mafekitari akashanda. Nzvimbo iyi yakava hurukuro yekutengesa kweTransbaikalia. Dzimba dzakavakwa, temberi, musinagogi uye musikiti yakashandiswa, raibhurari yakaonekwa. Vagari vomuguta muna 1910 vaiva vanopfuura 68 zviuru zvevanhu.

Mushure megore raOctober Revolution, guta kwenguva yakati ndiro guta guru reFar Eastern Republic. Munguva yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, mabhizinesi eChita akashandira zvido zvepamberi. Muna 1945, mahofisi makuru aMarshal Vasilevsky, mutungamiri mukuru mukuru kuMar East, akanga ari pano . Kusvikira 1949 muguta, vasungwa veJapan vehondo vakashanda pakuvakwa kwezvivako zvakasiyana-siyana.

Nzira dzekugadzirisa hupfumi hweguta hwaive dzichiri kubudirira. Chita, uyo aigarwa nehupfumi kumabhizimisi emabhizimisi uye mumasangano ehurumende, muna 1972 akapiwa Mutemo weOctober Revolution.

Chita muzana remakore rechi21

Nhasi Chita inyika yakagadzirwa nemabhizimisi. Kuvakwa kwezvinhu zvakakosha zvakasiyana kwakawedzerwa, hutsva hwezvematongerwo enyika huripo hwakasimbiswa, uye kutengeserana kwaikura. Chita (vanhu veguta racho vanozvikudza zvikuru pamusoro peizvi) vakazova mukundi wekodzero yepamusoro yenyika "Nezviito zvakakodzera - kuonga Russia", uyo akakunda mumakwikwi mana yeRussia-Golden Ruble "munharaunda yayo.

Muguta kune vunivhesiti, zvikoro, zvikoro zvevashandi , masangano ekutsvakurudza. Chita, uyo ane vanhu vane mukana wekusimudza tsika yavo, ane zvikoro zvakakwana zvekujekeswa. Kune 24 musamuziyamu, masayenderi, kadhikiti, boka remahiltmonic, hurukuro huru yemakonti. Nguva dzose vaibata uye vaitamba mitambo nemakwikwi emazinga akasiyana-siyana.

Vagari veChita nhasi

Guta racho rinoratidzwa nekuwedzera kuwanda kwevanhu. Uyu maitiro akanaka ave akatariswa kubvira panguva yehondo shure kwehondo. Muna 1948, 138 zviuru zvevanhu vaigara muguta, muna 1966 - 201 mamiriyoni. Muna 2002 iyi nhamba yaiva 317 zviuru. Nhasi chizvarwa cheChita ndeche vanenge 336 mamiriyoni.