Gymnastics: nezvenhoroondo chinowanikwazve uye maitiro mutambo uyu

Artistic jimunasitikisi - yakakurumbira mutambo pakati pavakadzi. Zviri kuita mubatanidzwa zvinosanganisira kutamba uye mitambo kurovedza chero nyaya pasi kusarira. Next, funga, akaita sei jimunasitikisi (Nhoroondo matangiro kwayo) muna Russia.

Mupiro kuti pave mutinhimira jimunasitikisi

Scientific pfungwa chokurovedza vanoshingaira zvokunyama rakaisvonaka hafu vanhu vachipa mudzidzisi French Fransua Delsart uye Zhorzh Demeni. Modern jimunasitikisi zvikuru nowenyika ari kugadzirwa kutamba Aysedory Dunkan, tichishandisa zvinotaurwa yakataurwa Delsarte.

Zvokukura inotungamirwa mutinhimira jimunasitikisi

Saka, nhasi tiri kufarira mutinhimira jimunasitikisi, nhoroondo mutambo uyu. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvakanga mugumisiro kwemapazi anoverengeka mitambo nzvimbo:

• Aesthetic jimunasitikisi;
• mutinhimira jimunasitikisi;
• Kutamba jimunasitikisi;
• vakasununguka kutamba.

Features mirayiridzo jimunasitikisi

Pakutanga ari XIX remakore, abatsira zvikuru kuti yokurovedza muviri wakaita mudzidzisi Vocal Delsarte. Akakurukura misimboti muviri okuti, achidonongodza kubatana pakati kufamba uye kunetsa. Yaiva nguva rokutanga wokuFrance akati kuti muviri une mutauro wayo akasiyana. With ake chiedza ruoko uye paiva yakakurumbira okuti "muviri nhetembo." Saka paiva aesthetic jimunasitikisi.

Emil Zhak-Delkroz, kuimba mudzidzisi uye mumhanzi, akataura kushandiswa mutinhimira sezvo kuvandudzika, kwete rinopindirana kukura unhu chete mupfungwa asiwo mumuviri ezvinhu, uyewo kuti. Pamusana mudzidzisi uyu akanga akasiyana-siyana mitambo yakadai akadai mutinhimira jimunasitikisi.

Dance tega jimunasitikisi mudzidzisi Zhorzh Demini. Akatsanangura kudiwa kutamba kurovedza kuchinja, kumeso uye zvakarurama mamiriro. Matanho akadaro nyanyisa dzichiri jimunasitikisi, nhoroondo iyo ichakurukurwa nesu nhasi.

Muvambi wakasununguka kutamba dzidziso vakava kunozivikanwa mutambi Aysedora Dunkan. Iye akakwanisa kuzunungusa dzidziso netsika kutamba. Movement vasikana akabatana maari uye mutambo, uye ikozvino unyanzvi kutamba. Zviri mumaoko Duncan panguva kutamba kwakasimbiswa yakanaka sikavha, saka nowenyika patepi vemazuva mutinhimira jimunasitikisi. kufamba kwake zvinosanganisira muchifamba mvere, vachimhanya. Mutambi aiva wokutanga uyo akanga asingatyi kutaura paruzhinji shangu uye ndisina corset.

Maererano nenyanzvi, ndicho kwemapazi munzvimbo mana aiva chidzoke hwemazuva mutinhimira jimunasitikisi. Izvi kusimba ichiyevedza uye akanaka mutambo nhasi ichiri rinobatanidza aesthetic, chakanaka kutamba uye zvakaoma gymnastic muviri.

Gymnastics: nhoroondo panowanikwa muRussia

Vakadzi unyanzvi jimunasitikisi muSoviet Union yawana kwakapararira kusvika pakarepo. Saka, muna 1941, yokutanga ushasha guru rakaitwa Leningrad.

Zvichitevera chiitiko ichi, pave mutinhimira jimunasitikisi muna Union rakamira nokuda Hondo Yenyika II.

Asi kare muna 1947 First All-Union makwikwi. Makore matatu gare gare, Kyiv vaipinda ari ushasha of USSR rokutanga.

Muna 1950, gymnasts Soviet vakadzidza yose. Vakatanga kugara shoko kose nemuenzaniso zvesimba. Muna 1960, vakadzi chikwata zvinoyevedza jimunasitikisi kubva USSR, Czechoslovakia uye Bulgaria vakasangana Sofia kokutanga.

Mutinhimira Gymnastics Federation of USSR chakatangwa mumatsutso 1963. Zvegore, International Gymnastics Federation ave pamutemo mutinhimira jimunasitikisi zvizere akazvimirira mutambo. Zvadaro, wokutanga munhoroondo mutambo wacho nyika ushasha rakaitwa.

zvitambo Artists

Tichitarisa dingindira "The History of Gymnastics" Muchidimbu, tisingatauri gymnasts wokutanga, uyo akaburuka munhau kuti dzakakwirira kubudirira kwayo. Muna 1963, L. Savenkov akanga vanoda Mhedziso nyika shasha ari mutinhimira jimunasitikisi. Muna 1969 nyika Championships muna Varna weNobel nokuda Medals maviri endarama akava G. Shugurova. Mutambi mana nguva akava mhedziso mutsigiri mukuru USSR.

Muna 1977, nyika vakadzidza pamusoro kunozivikanwa jimunasiti I. Deriugina. Mutambi kashanu Akarumbidza chinzvimbo muna USSR mhedziso shasha, akakunda USSR Cup muna jimunasitikisi, uyewo mudziviriri Europe uye nyika iri nomumwe Mapato muviri.

Muna 1985, Mhedziso shasha ari USSR akava G. Beloglazova.

Mutinhimira jimunasitikisi panguva Olympic Games

Kokutanga servicesactiopurge mutinhimira jimunasitikisi, nhoroondo uye kukura rinotaura isu nhasi, wakatangwa muna 1984. Panguva Games muLos Angeles, ipapo akakunda mutambi kubva kuCanada L. Fang. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti huru vorongerwa gymnasts Zvisinei vaiva vatambi kubva Soviet Union,, nokuda boycott of Olympic Games parutivi utungamiri Soviet, havana vatora chikamu pamwero mukuru zviitiko.

Muna 1988 paGungano Olympic Games, yakaitirwa Seoul, akakunda ushasha Belarusian Mikhail Lobach. Muna 1992, Barcelona akahwina musoro shasha wokuUkraine T. Tymoshenko. Muna 1996, muAtlanta, okutanga jimunasitikisi mutinhimira vakava wokuUkraine E. Serebryanska.

Mutinhimira jimunasitikisi, nhoroondo iro rave rwa pamusoro, kwenguva duku nguva vakakwanisa kuhwina kuda nyika. Zvakaoma kuwana nyika kuti aizorega kuvapo mutambo uyu akanaka panguva. Zvichakadaro, pakona rimwe nerimwe munyika vanogona kuwana vakawanda kwazvo gymnasts.