Nhoroondo kwaita jimunasitikisi. athleticism

Gymnastics - muviri hurongwa kuti kwakasimbiswa muGirisi yekare pamberi munhambo yedu. Pane shanduro mbiri kwakabva shoko. Chokutanga - "WASHINGTON", iro rinoshandurudza se "murayiridzi" kana "coaching". Wechipiri: "gimnos" - "kupfeka" nokuti maekisesaizi vaGiriki kuita pasina nguo.

Kunyange zvazvo muviri yaisanganisira vemauto muviri, mukuru Makuriro, bhiza Kuda, tsika kutamba, kushambira. It kwaisanganisirawo avo kwakaitika panguva Olympic Games: kumhanya, vachirwa, achisvetukasvetuka, chibhakera kurwisana, achikanda, achifamba nengoro.

Nhoroondo kwaita jimunasitikisi

Fall of the Roman Empire akabatsira kuti pave scholasticism, obscurantism, kunakidzwa, pakwakanga jimunasitikisi (uyewo vamwe kubudirira ounyanzvi yekare uye tsika nemagariro) yave kukanganwika. Muna XIV-XV emakore. yakasimbiswa Humanism. Public pfungwa akanga zvainanga okudzivirira chiremera uye rusununguko zvose-kumativi pave unhu, uye pfungwa rwakabhadharwa kuna utano. Chete huchapedza vanhu vakadzoka tsika yekare, uye zvishoma nezvishoma akatanga kuzozivisa kudzidzisa maitiro uye panyama yake divi - jimunasitikisi.

Rinokosha nzvimbo kukura basa rayo kwesayenzi uye mabasa evanyori, vazivi, vanachiremba. Somuenzaniso, basa Italian chiremba Jerome Merkurialisa "On unyanzvi jimunasitikisi", ivo enganonyorwa romunyori Fransua Rable, mabasa Pestalozzi (mudzidzisi Swiss), Jean-Jacques Rousseau (mudzidzisi French uye muzivi).

Panguva XVIII - mangwanani XIX remakore. Germany akaonekwa vanoyamura vaya akasika zvikoro ane kusimbisa kurovedza muviri - jimunasitikisi. Zviitwa dzakagadzirwa Achiviruka G. uye I. ushingi, Mutsu. Vanewo kudzidziswa.

jimunasiti German FL Jan akakurukura "Tour" hurongwa. Aya aisanganisira muchiitwa pamusoro chinjikira nemizariro, nezvindori, chinjikira nemizariro, dzakafanana namazariro, bhiza. Saka kupera yekare nhoroondo kwaita jimunasitikisi. Photo rimwe vamiririri mitambo ano wakaiswa pazasi.

Gymnastics sezvo mutambo

Muna 1817, vadzidzi F. Amorosa yaiitwa rudzi pamberi voruzhinji kuParis. Muna 1859, unoedza ndiponesezve Olympic Games akatorwa. Saka vakatanga nhoroondo kwaita jimunasitikisi sezvo mutambo.

Kunyange vadzidzi Jan F. uye M. Miroslav Tyrš vakanga akayera simba, vaikwikwidzana muchiitwa. Asi aiziva jimunasitikisi mutambo chete muna 1896, apo waibatanidzwa Olympic purogiramu. Hwaro okutanga makwikwi vaiva rakatenderera, rinotenda pamusoro zvokushandisa. Muna 1932 zvakanzi akawedzera kuti yokungoi- ta bara rudzi, ndokupfura akaisa, achikwira pamusoro netambo.

Nhoroondo kwaita jimunasitikisi rinoti kwenguva refu muna yeOlympic yakanga wakapindwa nevanhu, uye chete kubva 1928 - vakadzi. Pakutanga - iri chikwata makwikwi, uye pakupedzisira mu oga.

yemarudzi Federation akaita sei

Muna 1881, European Association yakatangwa. It rinoumbwa Belgium, France, Netherlands. Chakasimudzira kuwedzerwa nokukurumidza, uye muna 1897 akanga kurongwazve kupinda International Gymnastics Federation (muonde). Pari zvinosanganisira munyika 122. Iyewo, ari nhengo General Association of International Mitambo nemisanganiswa uye kuzivikanwa IOC (International Olympic Committee). Nemamiriro ine womuonde anemasimba uye michina makomiti ari jimunasitikisi, maekisesaizi, akirobhatikisi basa, kusvetuka. nhengo dzavo vanosarudzwa makore mana ose.

modernity

Wokutanga nyika Championships mu jimunasitikisi vakatanga arufambe 1903. Vatambi vaikwikwidzana muboka, saka muna nomumwe ushasha. Kusvikira 1996, vadzidzi vaiita zviitwa sezvo fanira uye chero. Zvadaro, purogiramu chete akasara pakupedzisira.

Gymnastics, nhoroondo uye kukura rinobuda kure shure kare, munyika yanhasi yakanga ukavandudzwa mu Europe. Championships European akaitwa pakati pavanhu muna 1955 uye vakadzi - muna 1957 wakapata kunze nomumwe ushasha. Sezvo 1994 - uye kunyange chikwata.

In Luxembourg, reCongress ikaungana muna 1982, izvo akasarudza kutanga European Union Gymnastics. Akanga avimbiswa kukura, kugadzirisa, nekutarisa kushandiswa nekuwanda jimunasitikisi mu Europe. Sezvo nhoroondo kwaita jimunasitikisi, zvinonakidza, mutambo zvinoshamisa izvi wakatangwa kwete chete kune Olympic Games, European uye nyika Championships, asiwo dzakawanda Tournaments, Continental makwikwi.

muviri-kuvaka

Exercise pamwe zviyero (zviyereso, dumbbells, barbells) - ichi yokumhanya jimunasitikisi, nhoroondo panowanikwa rinotangira IV remakore BC. e. The chinangwa - kukurudzira utano, tsandanyama kukura.

Kuti kubatanidzwa makwikwi muGirisi yekare, vatambi vaibvumirwa kusimudza rinorema nhumbi. inokosha muviri pamwe gymnastic zvinhu kunge yakatanga. Chokutanga, havana simulated chirongwa basa, vachirwa. Nokufamba kwenguva, mutambo akava nokuratidzwa tsika. In XIX-XX emakore. yakabereka zvakawanda kushandisa tsanangudzo nokuda pokumuka mapoka tsandanyama pamwe masimbi. Pane kufarira tsandanyama, simba vanhu. Yaiitwa ushasha yokutanga pakati weightlifters, mutsimba.

Athleticism muRussia

Nhoroondo kwaita jimunasitikisi hunonyatsobatana zita chiremba V. M. Kraevskogo. Muna 1885 akaronga denderedzwa mudzidzi mitambo. Makore gumi gare gare, muSt Petersburg akazarura vanhu vokutanga. Asi pashure 1917 athleticism rinosvava kupinda necheseri. Kukurumidza kutanga dzimwe simba mitambo.

Nzira Kugadzirwa mitambo jimunasitikisi mu Russia yakanga yakaoma. Nokuti pfungwa zvikonzero mukusimbisa muviri vaiona kunokuvadza basa, asi muna 1987, weightlifter Yu. P. Vlasov akaita All-Union Federation of athleticism.