Hellas Ancient. Chii chinonzi "kutanga European yebudiriro"?

Greece yekare hapana tsaona inonzi Dzinde European budiriro. Izvi nyika zviduku akava chihombe kwakabatsira kukura kupfuura siyana mabhora muupenyu hwevanhu. Somuenzaniso, mungano yechiGiriki yekare havasi asisina kushanda kwayo nhasi. Sapamazuva iwayo, zviri pachena chaizvo kuratidza nyika womunhu, ukama pakati vanhu uye zvakasikwa rwomukati.

Ko "Hellas"

Another zita iro nevaGiriki rinonzi nyika yavo - Greece. Chii chinonzi "Hellas", chii ukoshi akapa shoko iri? Chokwadi kuti izvi ndizvo vaGiriki rinonzi yokumusha kwavo. VaGiriki sezvo vaGiriki akadana vaRoma vekare. Akashandurwa kubva "Greek" mutauro wavo rinoreva "croaking". Sezviri pachena, izvi zvinoitika nokuti kuti vaRoma vekare havana kufanana kurira mutauro nevaGiriki. Rinoshandurwa kubva pane rechiGiriki rokuti "Hellas" rinoreva "Dawn."

Dzinde European tsika

anoranga zhinji, dzakadai mushonga, zvematongerwo enyika, unyanzvi uye mabhuku, vakaberekerwa munharaunda Greece yekare. Masayendisiti dzinobvumirana kuti budiriro yevanhu yaisagona kuitwa pasina kukura ane ruzivo ano panguva kurasa Greece yekare. Rakanga wokutanga pfungwa kwouzivi iyo anoshanda zvose sayenzi pari akaumbwa pamusoro munharaunda yayo. Pane dzakaiswa uye tsika European budiriro pakunamata. Nevatambi Ancient Greece vaiva vokutanga Olympic Champions. Pfungwa yokutanga pamusoro nyika - zvose zvaioneka uye chisingaoneki - dzave dzichitaurwa hwekare muzivi wechiGiriki Aristotle.

Ancient Greece - nzvimbo yechizvarirwo ounyanzvi uye sayenzi

Kana tikatora chero davi sayenzi kana uri, ndiyo imwe nzira kana mumwe uchadzurwa mukuziva yakawanikwa panguva Greece yekare. A mupiro mukuru kuti kukura chenhau ruzivo yakaitwa nemasayendisiti Herodotus. mabasa ake ave akazvipira adzidze hondo yeGirisi Persian. Uyewo abatsira zvikuru kukura wemasvomhu dzidziso Achibvuma pfungwa yaPythagoras uye Archimedes. VaGiriki vekare tega akawandisa namano kuti anoshandiswa kunyanya rutsigiro rwemauto.

Kufarira nyanzvi ano ndiko nzira youpenyu vavaGiriki, izvo kumusha waiva Hellas. Chii chiri kurarama panguva mambakwedza yebudiriro ichirondedzerwa kwazvo zvakajeka basa yakanzi "The rinonzi Iliad." Monument ichi mabhuku, izvo unobuda nhasi, rinotsanangura munhau nguva uye muupenyu nevaGiriki. Basa chinokosha "rinonzi Iliad" - ichi ndicho chokwadi rinorondedzera zviitiko.

Modern mberi uye Hellas. Chii chiri "Dzinde European yebudiriro"?

Nguva yokutanga kukura vekare Greek yebudiriro iri pamutemo inonzi Dark Age. Rakaburukira pamusoro makore 1050-750 BC. e. Iyi ndiyo nguva apo yakaparadzwa Mycenaean tsika - chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru kwenzanga izvo dzave kuzivikanwa kunyora. Zvisinei, tsanangudzo ine "Dark Age" asi anoreva kushayikwa ruzivo pamusoro yaitonga ichi, pane kuti zviitiko chaizvo. Pasinei chokwadi kuti runyoro kare akarasika panguva ino vanotanga kuratidza enyika uye aesthetic zvivako, rine Hellas yekare. Panguva iyi, kutanga Iron Age varipo kare prototypes mumaguta ano. Greece ane vatungamiri vari kutanga kushanda munharaunda diki. A enguva itsva mukurapa uye mifananidzo Ceramics.

Kutanga rakadzikama kukura tsika dzechiGiriki yekare vaiona epics pamusoro Homer, izvo ndezvaJehovha 776 BC. e. Vakanga akanyorwa tichibatsirwa arufabheti, icho chakumbirwa kubva vokuFenikiya Hellas. Meaning shoko rinoreva 'mambakwedza' hazvisi wakarurama: kutanga kukura tsika Greek yekare rinobatana nokuberekwa European tsika.

Mukuru maruva kuti Hellas kunzwa panguva yainzi chekare. Rinoreva makore 480-323 BC. e. Panguva ino akararama vazivi vakadai saSocrates, Plato, naAristotle, Sophocles, Aristophanes. It anova akaoma sculptural mabasa. Vanotanga kuratidza chinzvimbo womunhu muviri kunofambira mberi, asi simba. VaGiriki iyoyo akada kuita jimunasitikisi, shandisa zvizoro, itai rakarukwa.

Chaiko Hellas. Chii dambudziko?

Separate nehanya zvinofanira kupiwa kwaita Genres njodzi uye mutambo, iyo chinoita kuti dzekare nguva munhoroondo Greece yekare. Dambudziko runosvika yepamusoro muna 5th remakore BC. e. The matambudziko inozivikanwa kwazvo iyi mabasa Sophocles, Aeschylus uye Euripides. Genre dzakabuda mhemberero yokukudza Dionysus, panguva iyo yaairidza mitambo paupenyu hwaMwari. First airidza munjodzi rinongova mutambi mumwe. Saka, zvose zviri zviviri nzvimbo yechizvarirwo ose mabhaisikopo ano ndiko Ellada. Izvi (kuti tinoziva wenhoroondo ose) humwe uchapupu ndechokuti kwakabva European tsika dzinofanira kutsvaka munharaunda Greece yekare.

Aeschylus akatanga mutambi wechipiri yemitambo, nokudaro achiva musiki kwehurukuro uye kunoshamisa chiito. In Sophocles, imwe nhamba vatambi ratosvika matatu. Dambudziko buritsa kukonana womunhu uye inexorable mugumo. Atarisana zvaro risiri munhu kuti vakakunda zvakasikwa uye munzanga, asi protagonist vanoziva kuda vanamwari uye vakateerera kwaari. VaGiriki vaidavira kuti chinangwa chikuru nenhamo - a catharsis, kana kucheneswa, kunoitika apo Fafitera tsitsi wemagamba yake.