Russian chimbichimbi chengetedza. Kuchengeta zvinhu zvokuyamura

Nokuda kuvapo zvashata kuchengeterwa Russia (zvino USSR), mamiriyoni evanhu makaponeswa panguva Great Patriotic War. Chete mamiriro ezvinhu ane vakakurumidza localize moto panguva paChernobyl simba renyukireya chirimwa kuti yakagundika ngwanani ari kurwara-fated zuva muna April 1986, uye kuponesa yenyukireya rakaputika Ukraine, Belarus uye kuEurope.

Mumatanda Ancient Rus uye Tsarist Russia

Mune USSR, isu vaitoseka kuti zvashata kuchengeterwa anofanira kupa vanhu vose anodiwa makore gumi hondo yenyukireya. Zvisinei, nhoroondo paumbwe kutendeka paruzhinji kuchengeterwa rakatanga mumazuva Russia yekare, kana zvokudya mumatanda yaiitirwa huru unpopulated nzvimbo - ari dzemamongi. Kuti apukunyuke pfungwa Solovetsky wemamonk, zvokudya izvo zvaizova zvakakwana kwemakore akawanda. Yemamongi, panzira, iripo nhasi, riri pamusoro Solovetsky Islands (ava nomukurumbira wakashata Solovki) muGungwa White.

Pakazopera muzana remakore rechi18 Tsarist Russia mumatanda zviyo (zviyo) uye munyu vakasikwa 1913 ndandanda zvigadzirwa kuwedzera zvimwe zviyo uye furawa. Pakati February uye October Socialist chimurenga iri Bourgeois mamiriro reserves expectedly kupera, asi hurumende yeSoviet kare muna 1926 chokutanga chakaratidza kutanga kwezvisikwa kuchengeterwa mari, izvo inodzorwa panguva chemhando ehurumende chechetere.

The mangwanani nhoroondo Soviet mamiriro chengetedza

Kutaura zvazviri, NT muna USSR akazviratidza muna 1931, apo Dare hwagadzwa reserves, uye musoro waro anogadzwa Kuibyshev. Kubvira ipapo, yose nechimbichimbi romugove zvigadzirwa inozviisa rimwe simba pane munhu masangano, masangano uye mabhizimisi. Dzakavamba Gwaro pamusoro paumbwe hurumende yeparutivi ndokukweverwazve kumusoro muna 1939. The ipapo mamiriro reserves chivako chiri papepa rehurukuro inochengetwa kusvikira zvino.

Emergency romugove ari chi- uye post-yehondo

Ngativerengei pachena coffers venyika yedu. Pre-hondo mamiriro ezvinhu akaita zvakakodzera kuwedzera NC. Emergency zvitengeswa zvino kukwanisa zvinodiwa indasitiri. Panguva iyi, haisi chete kuchengeterwa kuti kuunganidza revarwi, sezvo zvakanga zvambotaurwa. Kubvira muna 1939, vakaisa pamusoro kuchengetera matsvene zvashata chengetedza. Inoitwa zvinhu uye zvokuvakisa maoko uye vemauto midziyo, chikafu, huni, zveupfumi uye utano (dressings, mishonga) chepfuma.

Kunyanya shaped chimbichimbi kuchengeterwa kubatsira kuita kuti hombe nezvinhu Soviet Union mumakore Guru Patriotic War mangwanani. Sezvazviri dzinopikisana, asi panguva iyi Soviet Union reserves haana yakaderera, asi akawedzera zvinenge kaviri nokuda netini, aruminiyamu, nickel, zingi, chingwa uye zvomumagaba nyama. Mushure Victory Great vakanga nokuedza ndiponesezve hurumende yeparutivi hurongwa, asi chaizvoizvo zvigoneke chete kusvikira 60 fung gore.

Nzmold mu gumi okupedzisira ezana remakore rechimakumi maviri

Muna 1990 zvakanzi rakaumbwa kuti pfuma utariri kunjodzi. The chivako rakagadzirirwa paumbwe hurumende yeparutivi gadziriro, zvinosanganisira zvokudya, zvokurapa, zvemari, zvinhu zvekushandisa zvedu.

The Hurongwa akagadzirirwa pachishandiswa Statistical mashoko uye kupa nokukurumidza pakutanga chiito kana zvichibvira akaipisisa: dzinongoitika dzoga, njodzi nevanhu, uto kurwisa pamusoro mamwe marudzi Russia nedzimwe tsaona pamwero wenyika. Kuchengeta zvinhu zvokuyamura rinoitwa mu-mumba, kana kuti hurumende yeparutivi pane dzimwe pfungwa iri zvose kumatunhu Russia.

"On State Material Reserve"

Modern chimbichimbi kuchengeterwa (ayo maumbirwo, okuchengetera zvinhu uye akafanana) ravapo nokudzorwa Federal Law 1994 "On State Material Reserve".
Gwaro yakasimbiswa kuti hurumende yeparutivi muRussia:

• nechokwadi nokukurumidza kubviswa migumisiro dzinongoitika dzoga uye njodzi murume-yakaitwa;
• vachinyatsoziva urongwa kubatsirwa dzavanhu uye rutsigiro kune kwakakanganisa kumatunhu uye nyaya Russian Federation pachena: vagari dzavo, mabhizimisi, masangano uye masangano;
• urongwa pamutemo kukanganisa kutengeswa panguva zvoupfumi uye simba dambudziko;
• kuona zvinodiwa Russia munguva kuunganidza.

The nemamiriro Russian zvashata chengetedza

In 2006, vachikudza tichayeuka semidesyatipyatiletnego mamiriro kuchengeterwa hurongwa batana mabasa zvishoma akasimudza chidzitiro pachivande akaita diki chikamu venhau kuti Rosrezerva. Mumushumo rinokosha, "Nzmold" vakasunungurwa zvinokosha diki mashoko pamusoro inokosha chakavanzika Russian Federation mamiriro.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti panguva iyoyo hurumende yeparutivi ane anenge 10 000 mazita zvigadzirwa zvokudya, mishonga mano, uto midziyo uye maindasitiri zvinhu. Tsoziva zvikuru munyika reserves, ziva vanhu vaviri chete: mutungamiri wokuRussia uye vatungamirire Rosrezerva marongerwo. Vapedzisira, sezvinei, akativimbisa kuti muuto zvichava inokwana vose Vagari wokuRussia Federation mukati mwedzi mitatu nedambudziko. Chokwadi, tiri kutaura nezvekuparadzwa chikafu. Zvinodhaka, dressings, midziyo, mbatya uye huni zvinochengeterwa yakareba.

Kuwedzera zvinokosha zvinhu, mutestamende itsva mamiriro chinosanganisira anoverengeka masangano: Research Institute, experimental Mechanical Plant, Polytechnic College uye Information Technology Centre.

The matura inochengeterwa zvinhu kwete chete refu pasherefu-upenyu, asi kunyange shinda uye tsono, chikuru mazita kwezvinodhaka, vanga dressings, zvokupfeka uye akamendwa mbishi zvokunyama, midziyo, uye kunyange disassembled huni njanji mabhiriji pamusoro nemigwagwa penzizi. Vanopfuura hafu NT zvokudya, saka Nehunde iri yoku- mumwe nomumwe maviri apfuura, vamwe (nesimbi, midziyo, mbatya, etc.) - makore 15 ose.

Localization uye midziyo okuchengetera Rosrezerva

Kuchengeta zvinhu zvokuyamura mudura nedzidziso pakavanda. Mumwe chitoro chiri vakapakata pombi simba pakuparwa pasi mafashamo uye mikova simbi hafu-mita anenge.

Zvivako izvi, izvo dziri mamita anenge 150 pazasi pasi, anokwanisa kumira kuputika yenyukireya kana chikuru njodzi. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti muchitoro yaiva kure vakawanda munzvimbo, asi chaiyo nzvimbo anozivikanwa chete vaviri wo vanhu.

State matura dzimwe inoti

Zvinozivikanwa kuti zvashata nerubatsiro Russian wakashandiswa anenge matatu kushanda kuBazi Kunoda Kukurumidzirwa uye nechokwadi nenguva hurukuro dzavanhu rubatsiro maviri dzimwe nyika. Panzira, mune dzimwe nyika uyewo akateerera zvikuru kuti paumbwe reserves. Saka, pane ruzivo kuti zvokudya zvitsvene United States of America reserves kuchapedza kwemakore maviri hondo.

Vashandi Rosrezerva kugara kuchinjana mashoko pamusoro zvashata reserves pamwe navo kubva Kishi kunyika uye Europe, wezvikamu mugove Zviitiko uye kukurukura nyaya dzakawanda. Pamwe kunopa mukana kuita kwakarongeka tsika uye nokukurumidza kana chipi wechimbichimbi munyika dzose.