Herodotus yakavhurwa jogirafi? Scientist mupiro kuti sayenzi

Kuchikoro, akadzidza mumwe inodiwa Software anoranga, kusanganisira nhoroondo uye jogirafi. Uye, chokwadi, munhu wose akanzwa pamusoro Greek mufambi Herodotus, ane mafeni vachipa kunze clichés akanyoresa "vanababa kare" pamusoro nhandare kuti musayendisiti vakanyora voluminous basa chete zita. Edza kunzwisisa kutaura uku, uye panguva imwe chete yokuziva kuti akanga yakawanikwa nzvimbo chaiyo yaiva Herodotus.

oupenyu mashoko

Progressive murume nguva yake, dzakaitika uye geographer, wokutanga mufambi - ndizvo aiva kunozivikanwa Herodotus. Biography yake ine zvimwe makwanza yakafanira kune chinokosha makore zviitiko, asi chikuru ruzivo aripo. Herodotus akaberekwa Doric Greek Colony, kuti Halicarnassus yekare (Bodrum ano). The kupfuura fungidzira musi kuberekwa musayendisiti kuonekwa 484 BC. e.

Mhuri iyo mukomana akanga arerwa, aiva akakurumbira chaizvo uye anopiwa, une zvakawanda kubatana. Izvi akabvumira muduku Herodotus kuti vawane dzidzo yakanaka panguva. Rio mai nababa inonanzva akauya mumwe mwanakomana - Theodore. Strong rokuchinja mafungiro uye manakiro mukomana aiva hama yake Paniasis, uyo aiva nyanduri akakurumbira.

Scientific Nugget kare

Kana kwete mbiri Persian Wars, pakati iyo Herodotus akaberekwa, Biography nokutapwa jaya ingadai yakasiyana. Rimwe zuva akasarudza kuita hwakadzama enhoroondo hondo yeGirisi Persian, uye panguva imwecheteyo kundorondedzera tsika, tsika, nenzvimbo mashoko ari Nzvimbo yakaitwa chisarudzo kushanyira. On musayendisiti aifamba achawisirwa kuziva, akazviratidza pashure pokudzidza ngano, ruzivo raakanga vakadzidza logogriph. Uyezve, aida kuona nameso angu, kuti Zvinoonekwa ari anowanika kuratidza munyika iyoyo munyika.

Wokutanga uyo akasarudza kuita hwakadzama basa achirondedzera chikuru chokuita kuwanikwa uye munguva yehondo pakati pavaGiriki navaPeresia, aiva Herodotus. Mupiro kukura nzvimbo akaita munzira; kuti wakanaka mharidzo zvose, zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti kushanyira nyika dzakawanda. Izvi zvinoratidzwa zvizere yakakurumbira basa Herodotus ( "History") riri 9 mabhuku nemazita Musical pachinzvimbo mazita.

manotsi Persian

Zvakawanda basa rake rakazvipira rondedzero yacho, tsika, nzvimbo uye mamiriro okunze features, zvematongerwo enyika uye zvechitendero chikwata. Herodotus akatora rwendo kuenda makore makumi maviri pamusoro inoti muAsia Minor, uye Persia. Mumigwagwa venyika idzi yaizotamira famba pasina kutya, sezvo vari zvakanaka ivo kudzivirirwa, uye mufambi ane zvakakodzera dzakasiyana. Pasina kudikanwa zvokushandisa, musayendisiti, zvichida chaizvo zvakanaka kufamba pasina kusangana chinhu kusanzwa. Nemhaka uchida tsanangudzo nzvimbo uye tsika kuti akasangana munzira, yakavakirwa Herodotus kubudirira mune jogirafi. Uyu ndiye musayendisiti chete anoshanda kushandisa vomunguva vanogona kuwana pfungwa yekare kurongeka nyika uye zvechokwadi nenzvimbo ruzivo.

Akanga kutyaira mumugwagwa achibva kuEfeso Susa, Bhabhironi Guru ukaonekwa ichatonga zvine mbiri pamwe anoshamisa dzimba dzaro, raibhurari hombe, mapindu uye hwokunyanyisa ezvitendero, akanga Ektabane, guta guru avaMedhia State. Zvimwe Gerodot chipo Asiria vakaparadzwa. izvi zvose chakanyatsorongwa mubhuku, iyo akaronga uye akasikwa Herodotus. Mupiro kukura nzvimbo-galikarnastsa musayendisiti pachena uye mubvunzo.

Sezvineiwo, iye anorondedzera tsika nevaPezhiya; vakavaka temberi kuna vanamwari uye vanamwari havana kupa munhu chitarisiko, vaifarira nyama muchero uye waini, sevatsvene akaremekedza kodzero upenyu uye panguva iyoyo akazvidza nemaperembudzi, dzakurukurwa mhosva. NevaPezhiya pamusoro zvose aikoshesa umhare.

Zvizhinji ndakadzidza nyanzvi, vachishanyira nharaunda iyi. Asi ichi ndicho chete chikamu chii kunoratidzwa nzvimbo chaiyo yaiva Herodotus.

Herodotus uye nyika mapiramidhi

Asi wakarebesa galikarnasets vaigara muIjipiti. Akaunganidza kwemashoko akazara pamusoro zvinhu okunze uyu munharaunda African: rwaNire mafashamo, kusanaya kwemvura. Akarondedzera kusingaenzaniswi nomutauro wake zvipenyu: nemakarwe, shiri uye mvuu. Ndakadzidza achangobuda zvinoshamisa kwenyika; mapiramidhi uye sphinx, akadzidza vapristi zvinokosha zveEgipita yekare, uye kunyange pachake akayera remazera Cheops. Herodotus aiva muguta madzimambo, akaona Meridovo nyanza, pedyo izvo mumakore iwayo akanga maze kusvika zviuru 3 makamuri. Chivako ichi kundifadza musayendisiti, izvo, chokwadi, zvinoratidzwa kwayo nenzvimbo dzakaitika basa. Saka, zvose rakazaruka Herodotus muIjipiti, akava nhaka yenyika.

Mushure Egipita, iye akashanyira Libya. Ikoko akadzidza upenyu vagere murenje. Gare gare, nechokwadi kuti gungwa vachamuka kuna Alexandria, musayendisiti akaenda Saudi Arabia, asi zvimwe dera yaisazoraramika musangano vanhu vezvitendero munyika ino, akamanikidzwa kudzokera.

Rwendo cheScythia

Chaenda kweGungwa Dema, musayendisiti akaita dzakanyorwa nzizi dzakawanda rechibharo kuyerera mariri, akashanyira Greek dzaidzorwa, riri pamahombekombe ari Euxine, asi hazvisi chete akavhura Herodotus jogirafi. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, "baba kare" akaita chinhu refu rwendo kuenda kunyika cheScythia (wokumaodzanyemba yezasi Ukraine). nzvimbo iyi yakarohwa geographer: refu dzechando uye chirimo kuchinaya, chando, iro Herodotus haana pfungwa, rakakura steppes nomumatondo. Kubva vaSitiya Herodotus ndakanzwa yakawanda ngano, akadai goridhe achishamisika vanhu vaigara kuchamhembe. Aizivawo kuti pane simba, yakadzika nzizi, izvo hazvirevi hazvo kutanga mumakomo, akanga adzidziswa kubvira pauduku. Ndakadzidza pamusoro pamarudzi vanogara pedyo: vavhimi Ural uye agripei. Pasinei, akaudzwa pamusoro kuvagari Urals uye Urals, uye pamwe Herodotus akadzidza nezvokuva idzodzo: nemasango, izere mhuka inobereka mbava-, makomo, akanaka uye dzisingambosvikiki. Galikarnasets vakanzwawo kuti kuchamhembe kure ndiye kusingaperi kuchitonhora uye ushoma, uye chando kunotora mwedzi mitanhatu. Zviri cheScythia, Herodotus vakadzidza nenzvimbo kumiririrwa izvi haatengwi uye aigovana navo munyika.

Herodotus akashanyira Colchis (Georgia ano), muBalkans, kusanganisira kumaodzanyemba Italy, uye akasvika kumagumo enyika, yaiva, maererano nomufananidzo chekare, kuIndia. Munyori wenhau dzakaitika kuzvidavira pfuma uye tsika iyi nyika yokuAsia. Akarondedzera tsika uye tsika maIndia, vatorwa, ari maonero ake, zvinomera uye rekushongedzesa (yemishenjere mupunga), miti, chinoguma muchimiro nemvere balls, uye makuru deposits goridhe. Naizvozvo, songaniro wokutanga, izvo zvinofanira kuitika mushure uchitaura zita Herodotus - jogirafi. Muchidimbu pamusoro madzungairiro ake, zvinokwanisika kuti vafunga pamusoro kukosha kwebasa rake.

nenzvimbo chavangayeukwa

Tichifunga kuti kare rwendo kana nehasha kana zvokutengeserana zvinangwa, zvinogona kunzi Herodotus wekutanga inotangwa ushanyi edzidzo. Herodotus yakavhurwa jogirafi:

• kutanga zvinorondedzerwa muudzame mufananidzo chaiye nyika nguva idzodzo;
• akaita kadhi mikombe Azov, reCaspian uye Black makungwa;
• Akaunganidza ruzivo pamusoro upenyu Sarmatians uye vaSitiya, gare gare akabatsira kupikidura;
• akawana ngano hadzi urudzi: asi Amazons;
• geographer wokutanga, uyo akarondedzera Nzvimbo uye zvinhu muIjipiti yekare nzizi;
• Pandaidzidza muBalkan Peninsula;
• Ndechokupemberera miganhu yacho ecumene (anozivikanwa nharaunda) uye akazivisa zvitatu okunze zones: kuchamhembe (cheScythia), wechipiri, munharaunda reMediterranean, uye wechitatu - chikamu North Africa uye Arabia;
• Akarondedzera zviratidzo, tsika, ngano, nhoroondo vemarudzi mazhinji.

Makarekare, aiva kudavira kuti nyika finite, saka Herodotus, ari zvinhu, kwete kuedza kutarira "pamusoro kumucheto", uye vachiongorora idzodzo, kwaaigona kusvikwa.

Pashure hwake dutu upenyu inotapira hope

Herodotus upenyu yakanga yakazara adventures, kusanganisira uye kwete inofadza chaizvo. Nezvikonzero zvematongerwe enyika, mhuri yake yakanga vakazodzingwa pamba uye kurarama pachitsuwa Samosi. Pashure pemakore 10 aifamba awana rugare Furies, yakavambwa vazukuru sybarites. Dzinopesana anoti musi rufu munhu anoshamisa, asi vakawanda vanobvumirana pane 424 BC. e. Shamwari Sophocles, mumwe kufarira wamadzimambo, wenhoroondo yokufeva uye geographer, akavigwa muguta pachivara iri Furies, yaiva rukudzo rukuru. The IAA muguva muchidimbu rinodonongodza pamabasa ake uye chokuita zvimwe zvakawanda Biography. Uyezve, cenotaphs ose Herodotus vari Macedonian kuPera uye mukuru Athens.

Kufunga pakupedzisira

Herodotus haisi miziyamu chimedu kana-akaendepiko refu vanhu kubva mumapeji mabhuku. What Herodotus yakawanikwa zvaanenge kubudirira mune nhoroondo uye jogirafi, chii chaiva akawana, anomupa kodzero kukanganwa. The chete musayendisiti kare, asina kusika tsanangudzo chikamu mumwe nyika, uye kubva nezvimedu anosikwa rose. Saka, ake "History" harisi chete mupiro chikuru kune geography sechinhu sainzi, asi vachangoramba kuzivikanwa.