Homo sapiens (Homo sapiens) - chitarisiko, kubatanidza zvoutachiona uye nemagariro hunhu

Homo sapiens kana Homo sapiens, kubva pakutanga kwayo chakachinja kakawanda - zvose nemamiriro muviri, uye mumagakava, kukura mumudzimu.

The chidzoke vanhu vakambova ano chitarisiko (mhando) vakashandura vekare vanhu vakatora nzvimbo Upper Paleolithic. marangwanda avo kutanga vawana munyika cavern Kromanon muFrance, saka vanhu ava mhando vave ainzi Cro-Magnon. Kuti zvakanga zvagara zvinowanika mune kunzwisisa ose makuru vasiri unhu kuti ndezvemamiriro kwatiri. kukura mupfungwa kuenzaniswa Neanderthals yakasvika mukuru pamiviri. It Cro masayendisiti anodavira madzitateguru edu zvakananga.

Nokuti dzimwe nguva, izvi mhando yevanhu vagare Neanderthals, uyo akazofa ari Cro-Magnons vakanga zvakakwana dzakashandisa zvakatipoteredza ezvinhu. Kuti vane ibwe maturusi zvinobva upenyu hwezuva nezuva, uye vari ne zvakawanda anotaurwa kupatsanurwa kubva pfupa uye runyanga. Uyezve, pane zvakawanda siyana zvekushandisa izvi - kune marudzi ose drills, scrapers, harpoons uye tsono. Izvi zvinoita kuti vanhu vakawanda yakazvimirira okunze uye anobvumira kuti kuongorora kundima itsva. Homo sapiens, uye kushandura maitiro avo noruremekedzo kuvakuru, pane kubatana pakati zvizvarwa - the chamazuva kwetsika, kuchinjwa ruzivo uye ruzivo.

Nokupfupikisa apa, zvinokwanisika kuti pfungwa huru zvinoumba paumbwe kwemarudzi Homo sapiens:

1. zvokunamata uye mupfungwa kukura, iyo inotungamirira nokuzvidzora ruzivo uye unyanzvi pfungwa. Somugumisiro - the chidzoke ounyanzvi, sezvinoratidzwa bako vanodhirowa uye mifananidzo;
2. zvakajeka emashoko mazwi (the chidzoke kutaura);
3. nyota ruzivo kuti hutachiwana kune vokwake;
4. paakasika chitsva, zvikuru yepamusoro nhumbi basa;
5. Neolithic Revolution, izvo akabvumira nyoro (dzaichengetwa) mhuka uye kukudziridza zvinomera zvomusango.

Zviitiko izvi vava chinhu chinokosha inokosha kukura murume. Ivo akamutendera kuti yakazvimirira kwezvakatipoteredza uye kunyange kudzora vamwe kumapati ayo. Homo sapiens, uye zvadaro kaviri kuchinja, inokosha iyo inova mberi kwesayenzi uye michina.

Kushandisa kubatsira yebudiriro ano, kufambira mberi, vanhu vachiri kuedza kumisa simba pamusoro masimba Changing aibuda nzizi, zvikasabudiswa marshes, rizare nharaunda iri iyo upenyu ndambodzidza zvisingabviri.

Maererano ano kupatsanura, mhando "Homo sapiens" rakakamurwa subspecies maviri - "homo sapiens idaltu Man" uye "musoro Homo sapiens." Kupesana kwakadaro kupinda subspecies yakaonekwa mushure kuwanikwa muna 1997 pamusoro Zvisaririra, waiva zvimwe zvakafanana nemashoko marangwanda munhu ano yevanhu anatomical features, zvikurukuru - kukura dehenya.

Maererano nemashoko nezvesayenzi, Homo sapiens akazviratidza 70-60 zviuru zvemakore akapfuura, uye panguva iyoyo kuvapo kwayo kuva rudzi, yakanga nani pasi pokudzora pasocial simba, nekuti kubudikidza anatomical uye vasiri maumbirwo havashanduki.