Howa. The Red Book kweRussia

Howa vari zvikuru mararamiro. Mukuwedzera, vari munyaya riparadzirwe zvinhu, decomposing zvasara nemhuka, notumwe ndivo zvinokosha inotonhorera uye symbiotic muviri, kunyanya Basidiomycetes.

Howa Red Book. tsananguro

Kutozosvikira munguva ichangopfuura, kuti microflora akanga havaratidzi kunzwisiswa, notumwe kuda diki kukosha, uye kunyatsoomerera chizvidavirire nezvimiro havana kuchengeta. Kuwedzera kune vakaziva chaivo kupatsanura, uye dzimwe howa ndiwo: dzinodyiwa, dzisiri dzinodyiwa, uturu, somushonga, dondo tupukanana uye zvirimwa uye nevamwe.

Rare Howa Red bhuku anoongorora mu "Plants". Raisanganisira 17 mhando notumwe.

Grifola frondosa (chakuvhe-gondohwe sorwonzi foliose) sparassis crispa (Mushroom makabheji), mutinus ravenelii, Cortinarius violaceus, Rogatik pistillate (Rogatik claviform) gyroporus Chestnut (kashtanovik kana Chestnut howa), Aspen chena Phallus Duplicatus (Diktiofora kaviri), porphyrellus lozhnoberezovikovy, howa amburera girlish, strobilomyces strobilaceus, sorwonzi mapazi (Grifola amburera) gyroporus rinokwanisa kucheneruka (mbundishire), Blackberry staghorn (Gorizia nekorari) clathrus ruber (tsvuku Klatrus), Amanita shishkoobrazny, Mu Tinus imbwa

Basidiomycetes vane anokosha hurongwa mabasa kupesana - basidia. Sezvinogona kuoneka kubva pamazita ose howa vakanyorwa muna Red Book, anoreva chete mumwe kirasi - agaricomycetes. dzakakwirira chete notumwe dziri pasi.

Below ngachipiwe rondedzero uwane dzimwe mhuka.

Boletus chena (Leccinum percandidum)

Rinoreva weDhipatimendi Basidiomycetes, ari agaricomycetes kirasi.

Asi chakuvhe ichi, akapinda muna Red Book, rinonzi Osinovik chena. Zvakafanana vanhuwo Aspen mutsvuku, asi ane chena hat.

The chivharo ungasvika 25 masendimita dhayamita, chena gumbo, mumwe pasi thickened - clavate. The tubular rukoko rinowanzova chena, kungava zvishoma yellowish.

Aspen inokura makawanda nemipaini uye spruce masango.

Inogona kuonekwa Kishi, kunyanya Murmansk, Moscow uye Leningrad kumatunhu ari Russian Federation. Zviri zvisinganyanyi kuitika - mamiriro 3R.

Fruiting inotangira mid-July uye August.

The howa dzinodyiwa inonaka nenyama, asi zvinokosha kuyeuka kuti chakuvhe ari Red Book, saka haugoni unganidza.

Mushroom-amburera musikana (Macrolepiota puellaris)

Rinoreva weDhipatimendi Basidiomycetes, ari agaricomycetes kirasi.

chakuvhe Izvi ndowenyika mhuri champignon, saka zviri dzinodyiwa.

Cap dzakaonda whitish, unogona kusvika 10 masendimita ari dhayamita. The hunde chitete chaizvo, asi yakakwirira - kusvika 16 cm.

chakuvhe ichi inokura yehombodo yakavhenganiswa dondo uye nemipaini sango July-September. Zvikurukuru, zviri kuwedzera mumwe, kashoma - mapoka. Rinogona kuwanikwa yose Eurasia. Zviri zvisinganyanyi kuitika - mamiriro 3R.

Mutinus caninus (Lat. Mutinus caninus)

Rinoreva kuti dhipatimendi basidiomycota kukirasi agaricomycetes.

The chakuvhe ane elongated chimiro aine heti nounyoro. muchero muviri kureba masendimita 18, dhayamita 1.5 masendimita gumbo. Panguva kuibvisa chakuvhe Unokanganisa uye rinofumura pamusoro akacheneruka vaaleanpunainen muromo.

A isingawanzowanikwi howa - chinzvimbo 3R, inokura mu Europe uye kuNorth America. Inogona kuonekwa coniferous dondo, zvikurukuru pamusoro vashoma zvidimbu, kashoma oga. Anofarira kukura pamusoro akaora snags, stumps kuora, sawdust.

The chakuvhe ane chairo, kwete munhuhwi unofadza chaizvo kuti chinokwezva zvipembenene. Apo zvipembenene kana enhunzi kutsenga chikamu chakuvhe - Gleb, rwunotanga anoora nokukurumidza, mukati memazuva 3-4 kubva Mutinusa hapana anoramba.

The howa dzinodyiwa, asi chete kana haisati akaibva - ari zai deko.

Amanita shishkoobrazny (Amanita strobiliformis)

Kunyange zvakadaro, chakuvhe ichi anonzi "Amanita pineal".

Rinoreva kuti dhipatimendi basidiomycota kukirasi agaricomycetes.

Miti iri howa ane chena ngowani dhayamita pamusoro masendimita 18, chena hunde kukwirira 15-20 cm.

On mundima Kishi chinowanzoitwa Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Estonia, Georgia, muRussia chete Belgorod mudunhu. Inogona kuonekwa mumasango hwakakanyiwa miti akadai Linden, Beech, pomuouki, kubva Amanita ndiye symbionts dzavo.

Fruiting inotangira August uye September.

Howa ava mashoma Red Book, nekuti yakawandirwa chaizvo kwezvakatipoteredza ezvinhu (tembiricha uye ivhu).

Muchetura howa.

Phallus Duplicatus (Dictiophora duplicata)

Chimwe zita - Diktiofora kaviri kana setkonoska.

Rinoreva kuti dhipatimendi basidiomycota kukirasi agaricomycetes.

Mushroom zvakafanana mutinus caninus nokuti Nderake chete genus - Veselka.

Munyoro musoro ndiko shava, rima pfumbu ruvara kana aibva. Fruit muviri elongated kuti dhayamita 5 masendimita aro ruvara dzinosiyana-siyana zvichienderana kuibvisa nguva.

Inokura zvakanaka vakapedzwa ivhu, pamwe kuorera mazviri huni singly, dzimwe nguva mumapoka. Setkonosku anogona kuwanikwa Moscow nharaunda, Belarus uye mativi Ukraine.

Diktiofora chinhu dzinodyiwa chakuvhe, asi chete panguva isati dzakabuda zai deko. It anoshandiswa chevarwere mushonga kuti nhamba zvirwere.

Sezvinogona kuoneka, howa Red Book havasi chete dzinodyiwa, asiwo inedible uye muchetura.