Humoral kutapata

The rokuzvidzivirira inodzivirira womunhu muviri kubva tupukanana, nemavhairasi, mabhakitiriya anokuvadza, chepfu zvigadzirwa muupenyu hwavo uye kwete chete. Zvakakodzera kusiyanisa muviri nemishonga zvirwere zvakadai chokuziva (non-zvakananga) kubva vawana mhando (chaicho). Chokuziva kudzivirira utachiona kunokonzerwa yedzinza. Zvigadziriswe nonspecific (kana chokuziva) kutapata kune utachiona zvakawanda zvinokonzera phagocytosis uye kuzvimba.

Dzakananga kutapata ndiyo chaiyo Switch vasabatwa gadziriro muviri. chiito Its chinotungamirwa pakuverengwa mashoko kubva pathogenic vavengi - maantigen uye kuchengeta navo. Intracellular yakawanikwa nemishonga kuti chirwere anoshanda kudzivirira masero ari nzvimbo yomukati. humoral kutapata It kuitwa extracellular zvinwiwa.

masero unodzivirira First neutachiona muviri macrophages kuti tama takasununguka muna intercellular fluid kusungira kuti antigen, zvinonzi vanozivikanwa. By kufurira rwokudzivirira mhinduro batanidza ebetsero T mubatsiri masero neactivated B-lymphocytes. Soon lymphocytes vari dzakachinjwa, tinoshandurirwa yeplasma masero, izvo zvibereko chaizvo antibodies. Saka kuumbwa vakatodzidza humoral zvirwere kupindurwa inotungamirwa zvakananga ndangariro masero, kuchengeta mashoko pamusoro antigen. Kana antigen yechipiri anopinda muviri kwakafanana maitiro run simba antibody mhinduro afunge Somuenzaniso, sema ezvinhu.

Humoral kutapata kunobva reshiyo anogadzirwa mumwongo T-vabatsiri uye T-suppressors, advantageously 2: 1. ukama Izvi chibharo muna AIDS chaizvo pakatarisana 1: 2, nokuti kufa T-mubatsiri masero, utachiona utachiona. Naizvozvo, chirwere chipi anoramba harimboonekwi, kuti chinokonzera rufu nhengo.

Kupatsanura pakati antibodies ari extracellular svikiro iri muviri

Maantigen zvakatipoteredza saka siyana kuti kuzvidzora humoral hurongwa anogona kubereka 108 akasiyana chaizvo antibodies. zvikamu zvakawanda DNA mapuroteni nevamwe nechivako kwavo, ivo kuona antibody kusiyana.

Immunoglobulins makirasi shanu zvinopa kugadzikana unodzivirira norudaviro maantigen.

1. Class G.

Immunoglobulin G kirasi mumuviri womunhu pamusoro zororo (kusvika 18 g pa fő). IG G vanorwa muchetura, mabhakitiriya, mavhairasi vari ropa uye node.

2. Class A.

Immunoglobulins vari serum-kirasi, avo kuti tenderedza muropa uye secretory mumasero mumuviri zvinwiwa. Globular mapuroteni ropa serum vane basa zvavo kutapata. immunoglobulin secretion rinopa dzomunharaunda kudzivirira chirwere, muchetura, ndinosika inotadzisa kuti kupinda kuti vakawanda vavo. Humoral kutapata inopiwa IgA antibodies anoratidzwa pana Ari, mabayo, chirwere lesion utilities.

3. Class E.

Kirasi E immunoglobulins zvinobatanidzwa zvakananga Kuparara zvinokachidza zviri phagocytosis vokune dzimwe nyika inoramba, avo chokuedza uye neutralization, kuparadza okumusoro akaturikidzana masero kwemabhakitiriya. Zviri IG E ari intercellular zvinwiwa chinowedzera mu zvirwere zvakadai chirwere nedzevakuru nevana. Boka kunosanganisirawo IG E antibodies kuti erythrocytes wokumwe mavambo.

4. Class D.

Immunoglobulin kirasi D tenderera kunyanya plasma membranes masero, uye serum wevasungwa achiri pasi. Basa mapuroteni IG D B lymphocytes zvinoratidza specialization waida, ivo vanobatanidzwa mubasa autoimmune kwendangariro.

5. Class M.

Immunoglobulin IG M tenderera mukati midziyo, pakati kushandurwa yeplasma masero vanenge chikuru ingress maantigen kupinda mumuviri. Protein IG M inosanganisira simba humoral kutapata mu bacteremia.