Huripo Mhando kodzero nyika

Land ariko vevaGiriki, uye mutemo kodzero vaiva uye kuzvidzora rinoitwa mabhiri hurumende noukama mutemo, chidimbu Civil Code. Munyaya ino tichakurukura pfungwa, mhando kodzero nyika, uyewo matangiro uye kugumiswa kodzero idzi.

Musimboti kodzero kunyika

Maererano Civil Code, hunhu munyika varidzi kodzero vagara vandifungira zvinoriumba matatu, anonziwo competences, kureva pfuma, inoraswa, kushandiswa.

Nyika iri mumuviri wayo ndowenyika muridzi. Zvisinei, kushandisa nyika pfuma ingasava muridzi pachishandiswa zvinyorwa achisimbisa pamutemo simba nayo. All nemhando dzevanhu munyika inoda kushandiswa kwayo, kureva kushandiswa kwayo kubatsira zvivako (muenzaniso: Nyika kurapwa kukura chirimwa pairi).

Kazhinji, nhaka uye kushandisa kunonzwisiswa somunhu uye zvakafanana nechiito, asi ichi hachisi chokwadi. Dzimwe nguva muridzi haashandisi pfuma yake, asi asingadi akatamisa zvarinoroora mumwe munhu. Muenzaniso: foresitiri mutemo vari varidzi venyika dondo, asi havashandisi navo, asi kuvadzivirira chete kubva nomutemo chipingaidzo uye kudzora zvinoitwa nezvimwe vanoshandisa dondo.

Kuchinjwa Property Rights

Maererano mitemo kuitika kweRussia, kuunganidza Real Estate muchimiro nyika zvinhu zvinogoneka nenzira mbiri, kuti:

1. Privatization.
2. Civil-law nzira.

Privatization nzira rinobatanidza mhando kodzero munyika akawana vagari muzviitiko apo:

• Private kana zviri pamutemo munhu anowana kubva hurumende kuchengeterwa nyika nemafungiro pachake, kushandiswa uye pfuma.
• Nhengo zvokurima pamwe, seboka purazi rinobuda ayo sezvamunoita uye anotora mugove waro muchimiro panyika.

Pashure kuitwa munyika zvinhu mu Russia muna 1990, vagari ungatenga zvarinoroora wenyika pfuma redistribution Fund aumba kubva kupembedza mari. The nemamiriro redistribution mari zvinosanganisira munyika kuchengeterwa, uye vaya vainzi underutilized ehurumende uye mumapurazi. Nokuti paumbwe homwe kuzosangana nezviremera zvemo uye, sezvo tsika inoratidza kunaka kuchengeterwa nyika yakanga isina akanakisisa muruwa.

Civil-law nzira inosanganisira kuchinjwa varidzi venyika sale, mabasa chipo, nhaka kuchinjirwa nezvimwe mitemo mabasa kuti pave munhu kana sangano anowana zvarinoroora munyika kuburikidza kunyoresa yevagari mutemo mitemo.

Kugumiswa uridzi

Kugumiswa varidzi venyika anogona kuitwa zvinotevera pamutemo nzira:

• Nzira inonyanya - vehurumende mabasa. Zvinogona kuva zvinosanganisira kutengeswa kwema kuti kuguma muridzi ucharashikirwa masimba muridzi. Kazhinji vaiva nyika wakagumiswa ane mari, uyewo vari exchange. Zvisinei, pane zvakaitika kupanana muridzi anorasikirwa zvarinoroora ane nomunda uye anova mumwe.
• Kusiyiwa tenzi. Panyaya iyi, kugumiswa kodzero vambomira chero hachizoswederi kuwanikwa nechimwe munhu.
• Kudzikinurwa nyika paruzhinji kushandiswa.
• Kunwa nzvimbo nokubatira muridzi. Muenzaniso: kuzoita chikwereti rubatso Organization (nyika) muridzi somugumisiro asiri kuitwa okupedzisira.

Mabasa muridzi wenyika

The mitemo kuitika pamusoro Russian Federation kwete chete rinorondedzera mhando uye nezvimiro kodzero nyika, asiwo basa muridzi masimba aya. Sezvo nyika, kuwedzera chinhu pachavo pfuma, uye kunyange chikamu mararamiro ari nharaunda uye kunyange mamiriro, ipapo muridzi wenyika pane mutoro kushandiswa kwayo. Chokutanga, pasinei ndiye muridzi mhando kodzero nyika, nyika mutemo anoita muridzi hakupesani kodzero dzevamwe vanoshandisa nyika.

Zvikurukuru, zvinosungirwa muridzi iri zvaidiwa zvose yakasimbiswa dzemunharaunda pakushandisa usingazungunuke pfuma kuti chinangwa chahwo. Somuenzaniso, kana nyika yakanga vawana nokuda kuvaka, muridzi vanosungirwa kuita basa rokuvaka maererano nemoto dziviriro, madhorobha kukura uye mapurani zvinodiwa.

Kana tiri kutaura pamusoro pokushandiswa yekurima, muridzi nyika inofanira kurasa kwavari kuitira kuvhiringidza mabasa vagari pedyo nharaunda zvakafanana umo panewo mamwe kodzero munyika. Land panguva inofanira kushandiswa chinangwa chahwo. In bhora ichi, ukama huripo mitemo rinozivisa zvinotevera kutyorwa: kukodzera kushandiswa nzvimbo yayo clogging uye ivhu kurimwa nzira, zvichiita kuti rutapudzo uye kuparara kwayo zvinobatsira zvivako, uyewo kuramba kuita rokumanikidzirwa matanho kuvandudza munda.

Uyezve, marudzi ose nenyika-kushandisa kodzero iri zvokurima nemauto hake muridzi wayo kana roja kuti zvinoenderana kwezvakatipoteredza nenheyo pasina zvinopesana zviri zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza ezvinhu munharaunda. Mamwe mitoro kuonekwa varidzi chaiyo chinangwa nzvimbo, zvakadai hunhu hwemunhu, Spa uye Wellness nharaunda.

Siyana munyika uridzi

Maererano nomutemo ano Russian, nyika muridzi siyana vari mapoka mapoka matatu:

• Private muridzi ine nyika kodzero yepamutemo masangano uye vagari.
• The State muridzi kunosanganisira kodzero nyika muridzi neHurumende kana ayo nevamiririri. Kurasa chimiro ichi tenzi, zviremera yeUnited kana mitumbi achiumba chinoda uye zvionera masangano ari Federation.
• Municipal muridzi inotongwa nehurumende dzematunhu.

Huripo mhando kodzero nyika Russian Federation

Masimba munyika varidzi pane mhando dzakawanda. Types nezvimiro kodzero nyika, uyewo avo zviri pachena kuoneka mitemo ano, mabhiri dzakadai Land Code 2001 sezvo Akave nokuvandudza, bumbiro remutemo, Federal Mutemo № 101-FL. Kupatsanura pfuma kodzero ane hierarchical chimiro, izvo zvinogona mapoka mapoka maviri: kodzero chaidzo uye kuita.

Boka kodzero vanoumba zvakananga muridzi uye dzimwe mhando kodzero nyika (nhaka upenyu, ndikatema zvachose pfuma, dzisina nhaka zvemumwe). Other Kodzero chaivo uyewo kubvumira anaro dzokurasa kunyika kubaya mutengo, asi pamwe kungwara muridzi nzvimbo. Sungiro nemhando dzevanhu munyika vari kurendesa uye chisingapembedzwi kushandiswa. Ngatikurukurei chimwe nechimwe chezvinhu pakubhadhara izvi voga.

Land uridzi

Zvarinoroora kwazvo anopa muridzi competences nhaka, ndikupe uye kushandisa Real Estate. The vanotongwa mutemo uyu - vanhu uye dzepamutemo masangano. Chinhu - Land, iyo muridzi uye Rinotarisira pfuma dzakashandiswa yacho. Muridzi munyika ane simba kushandisa nzvimbo dzarwo kuti chinangwa chahwo, uyewo zvose zviri kumusoro uye pasi pose panyika, kana zvimwe inopiwa mutemo chokuita sezvakarayirwa kushandiswa ivhu uye mhepo nzvimbo.

Kodzero hwose nhaka

Pashure pokuwa kweSoviet Union kudzikamisa nokushayikwa private kwemauto mumunda munyika pfuma mhando uye mhando munyika varidzi vakanga vaisanganisa nokuda kwegadziriro kwoupenyu nhaka nyika. Nokufamba kwenguva, pamwe pakuwedzera private nemauto uye kupinda rehondo yeUnited Land Code of kuchinjwa nyika runofarira kuti vagari pahwaro muupenyu varidzi yakaguma. Zvisinei, vaiva mundima, zvange hwakatamisirwa nguva zvokuvandudza munyika mutemo zvakachengeterwa. Muchiitiko chino, munhu akanga aripo panguva kurasira upenyu nhaka usingazungunuke pfuma, vangapinda payo pfuma.

Permanent kodzero nokusingaperi uridzi

Chimwe nesangano post-Soviet nyika mutemo ndiyo kodzero kushandiswa zvachose kuti miganhu mari. kodzero iyi akapawo nokuda pakuwedzera private nemauto, asi maringe nomutemo vanhu. Pari, kodzero iyi zvishoma yakaguma, asi kujekesa denderedzwa yokupira masangano. Kana nyika post-Soviet zvakave nokutambidzwa kuna vose pamutemo vanhu vachiti zvachose, asi zvino denderedzwa kurudyi iri musarudzo watetepeswa kune voruzhinji masangano (state matunhu neminisiparati masangano, zvomunharaunda nehanya, mamiriro-muridzi masangano). Nemamwe masangano ari kunyimwa kodzero iyi, iyo, zvisinei, hakutadzisi kuti ape rendi nyika.

Kodzero yoruzivo kushandisa zvemumwe

Easements sezvo mhando kodzero panyika chaiwo zvakasikwa uye runoratidzwa zvishoma kodzero Kuraswa yokumwe nzvimbo. Pane zviitiko apo zvinodiwa yatenzi kunyika muridzi panyama hazvigoni kugadziriswa pasina kushandisa muvakidzani mugove pebindu. Muenzaniso: kufamba kuburikidza pedyo vatorwa munharaunda, kugadzwa kukurukurirana mitsetse, kusanganisira magetsi, gasi Mapaipi, kudiridza hurongwa.

Panyaya iyi muridzi nzvimbo anogona kupinda chibvumirano muvakidzani kurudyi chastbyu kushandiswa nharaunda yayo (easement) kuti muripo. Kana pasina chibvumirano, muridzi anekodzero ikwidzwe kudare redzimhosva vachida kwouranda ake. Mukuwedzera, wacho kuti kodzero shoma kushandiswa munyika dzakavakidzana ingasava muridzi kodzero kushandiswa zvachose kana upenyu nhaka yenyika. Kugumiswa muridzi kuremedzwa munyika easement anekodzero kunomhangara kana kudonha kana kuzadzika kukodzera mamiriro ezvinhu kwouranda.

Rent zano

Land kushandiswa uye achiwana vanobatsirwa kwavari pasina kuva muridzi wavo, ndechokuti zvinogona kuburikidza risi. Kuti aite izvi, pakati muridzi uye roja ndiyo kondirakiti wakasimba-rokuti, maererano izvo lessee anekodzero kushandisa nyika imwe kondirakiti yakawanda mari uye pasi zvinhu waiti ezvinhu.

Land, rendi, ari roja anekodzero kwete chete kushandisa zvimwe zvinangwa, asiwo kushandisa leasehold kodzero rokuti chesungano somupiro kuna mvumo guru, mubhangi kana kugoverana nomupiro, uyewo uchatamisa navo kupati rechitatu. Kuita zviito zvakadaro, kana ichi hachisi zvinopesana chibvumirano, mamwe mvumo yacho muridzi nyika haamanikidzwi, chete zvakakwana munhu chiziviso zvakanyorwa. Panyaya iyi, muridzi ane kodzero mudare kugumiswa ari risi chete vanenge zvakakura kutyorwa kondirakiti. Panopera kana kugumiswa kuti risi kodzero kunyika iri zvakazara vakadzokera lessor.

Kodzero chisingapembedzwi kushandisa nyika

Types nyika kodzero iri Russian Federation zvinosanganisira vanonzi kodzero chisingapembedzwi kushandiswa munyika. The wokuisira ane kodzero akadaro anofanira kurishandisa zvimwe zvinangwa akapa nyika imwe nguva uye mudzokere muridzi wenyika ari inogutsa ezvinhu. The chinhu kodzero iyi angava ehurumende uye matunhu neminisiparati nenyika, iyo mugamuchiri kunogona chete kuva ehurumende miviri uye zviremera zvomunzvimbo, uyewo makanzuru uye paruzhinji masangano. Nguva ukoshi kwakadaro kodzero - 1 gore.

Chinhu kodzero kuti chisingapembedzwi kushandisa nyika ingava nyika dzinongoitika uye mumatare vanhu kuti inogona kuchinjwa kushandiswa nevamwe vanhu uye masangano. Ukoshi mutoro anosimbisa chibvumirano kana mushandi wacho hwose (panyaya basa vashandi akaisa pachivande).