India: zviwanikwa zvavo kushandisa upfumi

Zviwanikwa - ndiye ibwe rekona zvoupfumi chero ndima. Izvi zvinosanganisira mvura, nyika, dondo, kutandara, chicherwa zvinoriumba. All chii akapfuma India.

rugare nyika

India - nyika ane tsika yekare. On mundima mamiriro, paiva pundutso siyana kubva chiuru chemakore chechitatu BC. Asi, characteristically, vakanga zvose runyararo. India haana kuva tichiregeredza vatorwa kuwedzera, asi tichiregeredza anokunda nechisimba mukuru tsika dzayo, iyo inozivikanwa kwenguva refu. The nyika yave ichikonzera zhinji nyika nenzvimbo matongo. Natural ezvinhu uye pfuma India mwoyo nemamwe marudzi. VokuEurope kuti vabudirire zvayo zvose nenyika uye gungwa.

Kuti, kunze nzvimbo pamakwara izvi kwakaita kuti kuwanikwa yeNyika Itsva. Fuma India akaninira kuna nechisimba. Pakutanga Aleksandr Makedonsky vakatsvaka kuti chero akanga achiwedzera umambo hwake kusvikira Indian Ocean. Zvadaro, zvishuvo vaiva vaRoma, Chinese, eMongolia, vaPezhiya, kuvaOttoman, British. MaIndia kuzvibvumira kuti andobata, uye ipapo wakafananidzwa vaivatapa. Kana isu anotsanangura zviwanikwa muIndia zvishoma, tinogona kutaura kuti vanobvumira nyika kuti shoma kudiwa kupinzwa, aine yakawanda ekisipoti. Uye kare, uye mune chipo.

mvura India

The kupfuura inozivikanwa munyika - rwizi Indus - akapa zita raro rose Hurumende - India. Natural Resources aqueous pakuderedza kunze harisi chete chikuru rwizi munyika, asi yose Eurasia. Ndiwo Ganges, Brahmaputra vavo vakawanda vabati vechibharo. Vanoshanda sehwaro nokuda kudiridza nyika yekurima. A akamwisa kuIndia kusvika makumi matanhatu kubva muzana munyika. The madhamu munyika vari kushanda ndisipo, kuti pasi inoshandiswa nokukurumidza kupfuura muzadze kunyunguduka mazitombo echando kana sediments. Panyaya iyi, simba nzizi riri kunyanya mvura, yakanga inokanganisa kurima. In akaoma nguva, rwizi kudzika, uye kazhinji kuuya yokunaya pamusoro mabhanga, izvo zvinowanzoita kuti mafashamo kwamafuro.

Land pfuma

Kana isu vaongorore zvakasikwa ezvinhu uye pfuma India, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti, pasinei kuvapo mumaguta makuru munyika, zviri kunyanya zvokurima. Ane raidudzwa kutsvetera chirimwa. Okunze kunoita kugamuchira zvirimwa zviviri kana kunyange matatu pagore. Asi kuvapo mukuru nevanhu arambe achirema, kuti ndichibvunza kushandisa fetiraiza zvakakonzera chokwadi kuti nyika India haasi mukuru yauinayo.

For zvirimwa inoshandiswa kweinenge makumi mana muzana kundima, zvakauyiswa nyika kunzvimbo chechina munyika tichitarisa zvokurima kugadzirwa. India mutungamiri nyika iri kugadzirwa tii, pineapples uye mabhanana. It pokutanga wechipiri goho mupunga, wechitatu - the fodya, wechina - yegorosi uye donje. Mukuwedzera, kanoda zvokurima Kugadzirwa yeko anotora zvinonhuwira - black mhiripiri, cardamom uye clove, izvo makapfumiswa akavonga zhinji vatengesi vokuEurope. Nyika ine Nhamba huru mombe - anosvika gumi nemashanu muzana zvenyika yose. Panyaya iyi, mhou ane mhuka chitsvene uye haina kushandiswa nyama kugadzirwa uye gwaro simba.

Land dzinounzwa nokuti zvigare, zvishoma chaizvo - asingasviki mashanu muzana. India kwakasimbiswa yehuku kurima, nguruve kurima, maberekero makwai nembudzi. River uye gungwa hove. Nyika ndicho chikamu chikuru Mugadziri donje jira - anopfuura makumi maviri muzana zvenyika yose.

foresitiri

Forest nzvimbo akafukidza anopfuura makumi maviri muzana munharaunda imwe nyika yakaita India. Zviwanikwa izvi mhando munyika chaizvoizvo wakareruka. Pashure pezvose, vakawanda mumasango - Tropical monsoon uye kwete Godea naveimba zvinodiwa, uye vakatema pasi nharaunda eHimalaya hakubvumidzwi. Asi vamwe huni nomukaka, somuenzaniso shellac uye plywood, kumorwa kuvinga ekisipoti zvinangwa. Akapiwa kuti masango kupa maIndia kwete chete matanda asiwo mune rosin nebwe, nerutsanga, yemishenjere, zvokudya, matanda ndima zvokurima ndiko pakuriritira mhuri yevanhu. Nehuni hurongwa zvinoshandiswa kwokugadzirira zvokurapa.

kuzvivaraidza zvinoriumba

Mumwe haagoni kufuratira kusiyana kwemamiriro okunze uye tsika, rinomirira India. Natural Resources zvinotivaraidza rekare wehurumende dzinomiririrwa zvikurukuru munhau uye netsika rwendo - zvemarudzi ose vakawanda Monuments of eras zvakasiyana, kubva nyika yakakurumbira Taj Mahal.

Environmental pokutungamirira Natural Resources mashoko anoratidza National Parks cup nharaunda. Sununguka mu yakakurumbira nzvimbo mahombekombe yawo India - Goa - atova zita mhuri. Pasinei kusavapo nyika panhongonya dzawo zvenyika - Chomolungma, the uye achikwidza nzvimbo munyika kukura nokuda kusvetuka uye miganhu.

tsananguro pfupi chicherwa zvinhu

A chepfungwa nyika pamberi pamusoro munharaunda yayo pakati reliefs pakubhadhara zvose: soro gomo siyana dzenyika - eHimalaya, nebani Dean uye Indo-Gangetic mumapani. Izvi zvakanga hwaro nezvokuti muIndia chicherwa mari zhinji uye zvakasiyana-siyana. The chikuru panzvimbo panowanikwa esimbi matombo iri kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva kunyika, uko rinowanikwa deposits ose aruminiyamu, titanium uye simbi ores, manganese deposits ose zvisingawanzoitiki simbi. Coalfield kuchamhembe zvazvo vane kbps mbishi zvinhu zvinoshandiswa napo. South munyika nezvi- bauxite, ndarama, chromite uye mashava marasha, nechepakati kwenyika - marasha uye ferrous simbi. Riverside akapa uwandu monazite jecha ine uranium exchange mhangura. In basa iri yemigodhi indasitiri rinonyatsotarira wechipfuwo pamusika, asi remigodhi simbi esimbi, bauxite, Mika, manganese akaronga kuti ekisipoti kune dzimwe nyika. Kuvapo kuIndia zvinokosha nesimbi deposits - kunyanya goridhe nesirivha - akaita nyika ino mutungamiriri nyika iri kugadzirwa zvishongo.

mhangura chicherwa

Indian kuchikuva rava hwaro yoga metallogenic nzvimbo kuti rine yose dziva uye mumwe mhangura dhipoziti - simbi, manganese, Chrome. Akanyanya ichi rinoshanda yakaonekwa kuti ndeyechokwadi reserves esimbi esimbi, izvo pane matani mabhiriyoni gumi. Extraction ichaitika nokukurumidza zvokuti Indian simbi indasitiri zvazvo chegumi pakukura munyika tichitarisa kugadzira asi havagoni kukurira kubudiswa rose uwandu.

Saka, anopfuura hafu resimbi esimbi haina kupatsanurwa munyika uye aivigirwa kwose. Zviri anobatsira zvinoriumba mune manganese mhangura uye chromite mined nechepakati kwenyika, sezvo mukuru sapamazuva simbi. Izvi zvinofanira kuwedzera kuvapo guru deposits ose bauxite pamwe zvinofungidzirwa matura matani anopfuura mabhiriyoni matatu. Kunze reserves izvi zvinowanikwa ores rurefu zviri zingi, kutungamirira uye mhangura, uye avo mushandi anokosha simbi.

simba renyukireya

Tinofanirawo nezvezvichaitwa zvinokosha deposits esimbi zvinhu, huri romumhenderekedzo yegungwa ubvise akapoteredza yose reIndia. Monazite deposits zvine radioactive thorium uye uranium exchange ores. Active kukura kwavo kwakaita India kupinda pamazita kwemasimba zvenyukireya yenyika. Uyezve radioactive zvinhu monazite sand zvine titanium uye zirconium.

marasha kuchera

Mostly dzisiri esimbi zvicherwa, zvakabviswa panyika, nokuti India ndiye marasha. Brown marasha ari zvachose kugadzirwa ane nzvimbo vhoriyamu diki - asingasviki matatu muzana, ndiye ibwe chikuru. deposits Its dziri kunyanya kumusoro-kumabvazuva kweIndia. In nekusimba reserves munyika pokutanga chete rechinomwe munyika - vanenge mabhiriyoni masere matani. Asi dzokubudisa kuti he India akabata chanza vanopfuura nomwe muzana rose kugadzirwa.

The chikuru zvataurwa marasha chinotsva vari (vanopfuura makumi masere muzana simba zvakapararira munzvimbo chafariz simba zvirimwa India) uye mbishi (simbi). Brown marasha rinoshandiswa kuvinga simba zvinangwa.

Oil Production

Kusvikira pakati pemakore mashanu wekupedzisira remakore, zvicherwa kweIndia, akapfuma Mahydrocarbon yakabereka chete zvakanyanyisa kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva States of Assam. Asi kukurumidza kukura minda mafuta munyika deposits itsva vapfumi mafuta dzakafukunurwa Gudzhorate uye pemvura muGungwa muArabhia, mune rimwe namakumi maviri makiromita kuchamhembe Mumbai. Extraction nendarama vatema akatanga kukura nokukurumidza. India zvino unobereka matani anopfuura mamiriyoni mana pagore riri pamusoro chimwe muzana rose kugadzirwa. Mumatanda yacho chigadzirwa zvinofungidzirwa matani anopfuura mamiriyoni masere panguva, uye paakati iyi nyika inoremekedzwa maviri panzvimbo yechipiri munyika. Zviri pachena kuti ari nechomukati zvinodiwa kuti hazvina kukwana, uye mafuta ari mumwe zvinokosheswa kupinzwa.

mangoda

The zvakawanda wakafuma India? Zviwanikwa zvakadai vasiri esimbi mumwe kupfuura chin'ai uye mafuta yambotaurwa - ndiko graphite, muscovite uye, chokwadi, mangoda. Kupfuura zviuru zviviri zvemakore, nyika akaramba anongoda bedzi kunobva nengoda munyika. Asi zvishoma nezvishoma Colonisation dzakasiyana dzenyika mepu kubudikidza vokuEurope zvakakonzera kuti India chakarasikirwa kwete chinhu kuti rakasiyana nemamwe panhau iyi. By nemisere remakore yakanga vakawana kuti matsime nedhaimani vari kwezvinoshandiswa munyika uye nyika ushasha nokuda dzokubudisa anokosha akatendeukira pamusoro Brazil.

Asi nyika South America akabata refu muchanza. Zvino mukuru nhamba mangoda mined mu South Africa Botswana, South Africa uye Angola, uyewo Russia uye Canada. Asi zvinenge nyika yose yakakurumbira mangoda zvine mazita avo, vane dzakavapo kubva mumigodhi Indian.

Alternative simba

Kunyatsoongorora zviwanikwa zviri India anobvumira kucherechedza kuti nyika inoshandisa huripo reserves kuti kufadza, asi haina kugumira ipapo. The mamiriro ndiyo imwe nyika vatungamiri kushandisa nzira simba zvinyorwa. India pokutanga cheshanu munyika tichitarisa mhepo simba kugadzirwa. mabviro Izvi zvinotora anopfuura masere muzana zvachose simba zvakapararira munyika simba.

A zvinogona kushandiswa rezuva simba terawatts anopfuura mazana matanhatu. Ndicho chete simba nyika, iro rine akakodzera ushumiri. mabasa ayo dzirambe pamusoro pokumuka renewable (zuva, mhepo, naTidhari) uye dzimwe nzira simba manyuko.