International purojekiti utariri mitemo

Kana pane dambudziko Optimization mabasa, uye nyaya pokuita anooneka pachayo. Bhizimisi iri yakananga inoda, kushingaira kushandisa chirongwa zvakanaka unyanzvi. The purojekiti maneja vamwe muduku kuziva kuti musimbise yenyu nyanzvi ruzivo kuti vatinoshanda navo uye vashandirwi. Anoda kuratidza ruzivo rwavo uye nounyanzvi sezvo PM nenyanzvi uye kuti akamaripira muripo weUS. Maererano neizvi inokosha chaizvo chirongwa utariri mitemo. Pashure pezvose, kwakavakirwa pavo, unogona basa ravo uye kuratidza pachavo professionalism kwavo.

zvinodiwa

Standards anonzi kuva ndozvakajairwa uye mimwe zvinhu kuti akafanana nevamwe kwakadaro mananara. Unogonawo kudanawo gwaro mureza, iro rinoti mitemo, mirayiro uye zvinodiwa, kuongorora zvaidiwa navo kubasa. Chete pakati rokutanga uye rechipiri tsanangudzo kunokosha mutsauko. The anoendera- yokutanga yakanaka, uye yechipiri ine chete dzinoenda sei kutaura nayo.

Nyika ine inopfuura hafu remakore, vakabata siyana magadzirirwo tsika. Saka, mamiriyoni nzira zvakasikwa ichi rakaitwa, kusanganisira avo vanoshandisa rakasiyana chichapedza matambudziko akasiyana-siyana. Nezvenyaya iyi, uye pane chikonzero systematize muitiro uyu, ayo zvavo uye kubatana. Saka, pakupedzisira yakava yoga bazi management, apo paiva zvakasiyana-siyana chirongwa utariri nzira uye nezvaanoda.

Chokutanga, zvakanga zvakafanira kuti kutsanangura rwakafanana mazwi uye pfungwa kuti kukwanisa kuwana kwapera uye muchidimbu zvinodiwa kuti basa raro unhu. Inoitwa kukura siyana chirongwa utariri michina. On hwaro ichi, zvinonzwisisika kuti pane kudiwa uzive unhu uye unyanzvi munhu anofanira kuita basa zvakanaka, uye chii matanho chinofanira kutora kuva anobudirira mutungamiri.

Mhando zvinodiwa

Saka, pakava nokudiwa kutanga masangano kudzidza kuzvidzora munharaunda iyi. Pakutanga, zvose kunze panguva senyika, uye ipapo chakaitika dzakawanda. Saka, masangano aya aunganidzwa, vaunganidza muronga ruzivo kunzwisisa sei kutarisira basa, saka kuti akapa chesamende mugumisiro. Kuti tizive basa racho zvakanaka mitemo, vakanga anoongororwa synthesized yakanakisisa tsika. Kuti aite izvi, utariri anoshandisa zvinoriumba vaviri chinhu uye kuzviitira. Zvokuti munhu mabasa uye rose boka, pamwechete kodzero zvinodiwa basa mamaneja. Nokudaro, kwaiva methodological mhinduro:

1. Kutsanangura uye kunzwisisa mazwi, chinangwa basa munharaunda ino uye basa vechikamu zvose zviri basa racho.
2. Kuona kugadzirwa zvakanaka uye nyanzvi vanoita kugadzirwa mhando yebasa uye kuwedzera kuita uye kunyatsoshanda muzvirongwa izvi.
3. Panguva advertising unongova kuongorora nokusimbisa vanokwanisa nyanzvi, uye chechipiri vane pachavo dzinoongororwa tsika inoshandiswa vashandi izvi.

purojekiti Kutarisira zvinodiwa inogona rakakamurwa nezvemarudzi zvina: dzakawanda, National, bhizimisi uye vachida.

PMI Institute of Standards uye

Development basa utariri michina rakatanga muna America ari sixties. It pakarwiwa zvinhu zvinoverengeka, mukuru pakati rwakazokura zvaigumbura renyukireya nguva, makwikwi pamwe Soviet Union kuti kukunda nzvimbo uye pakusika chitsva kudzivirira matungamirire. Paiva nguva yokuchinja kukuru, uye kudiwa kumisa chirongwa zvakanaka uye kuti pave muenzaniso yezvisikwa iyi aingovawo chisingarambiki. Naizvozvo, muna 1969 muUnited States akasika wokutanga asiri haibatsiri sangano Project Management Institute, riri mubasa kukura mitemo. Project Management kwakavakirwa PMI zvinodiwa dzakaitwa pasi pose uye anoshandisa nyanzvi vanopfuura mamiriyoni matatu zvinoenderana nechipimo ichi.

Saka akasikwa inokosha mureza, kwakavakirwa nzira management sezvo kwegadziriro generalized ruzivo vabudirire zvirongwa, izvo vanogara ndiongororwe vashandi of Institute. Izvi mutungamiriri , uye yava nyika mureza mumunda chirongwa Kutarisira kuAmerica. Negoho uye kubudirira neezvitendero ichi vakauya kwaari kubva yenyika dzomunyika padanho. Saka, panguva iyoyo inobva PMI PMBOK mureza chirongwa Kutarisira inoshandiswa mumapoka pose. Uye nguva dzose kuva neshanduro itsva mureza, kwakavakirwa dzose muunganidzwa yakanakisisa tsika uye yokungotaura ruzivo.

Kudyidzana muenzaniso chirongwa utariri pezvakaitwa

purojekiti kutarisirwa pfungwa vakaumba hwaro PMBOK Guide. Zvinonzi yakavakirwa pamusoro kiyi zvinoumba kwacho womuenzaniso uye inorangarira maitikiro ose chirongwa upenyu yatinofema. Uyezve, anofungawo zvose dzichipfekeka dzine zivo chokuita basa munzvimbo dzavo aiita ari pakutsvakurudza zvivako. Nzvimbo inokosha mureza anotora utariri urongwa. Vasati paiva yokutanga edition, Institute makore makumi maviri vaiunganidza anodiwa Data uye ruzivo. Uye kare muna 1986, PMI ave akasunungura mutungamiriri wokutanga nemhaka yavo tsvakurudzo, iro riri kuramba hwakavandudzika maererano kuitika ano. Pari zvino pane zvakasiyana Shanduro shanu kuti vakabudirira kubatsira mabhizimisi kukura uye zvinomirira American National chirongwa utariri mitemo.

ISO mureza

Chokwadi, munyika mune zvinodiwa zhinji kuti ndakauya panyika pamwero. Uye mumwe nomumwe wavo kukwikwidzana kuti nzvimbo mutungamiriri chirongwa utariri michina. Pane kuramba kukura kumusika kuti advertising uye Consulting mabasa. It anotaura pamusoro tarisiro mirayiridzo iyi. Uye guru chikamu musika anogona kutora kuti repamutemo kugamuchira simba zvese - kubva nyanzvi kunyika. Kuti zvichaita kukurira kudzidziswa uye advertising kuti nyanzvi, dzichiri somugumisiro nyaya yavo.

ISO (ISO) ndiye dangwe uye simba zvikuru dzakawanda sangano kuna Standardization kuti dzinenge zvose okukurukura zvebhizimisi uye zvigadzirwa. Nekuti iye ndiye mutungamiriri Standardization panguva yose yakati sandara, ine kodzero wekutaura chero nemitemo matsva mugadziriro, chii, chokwadi, zviri zvayo musiyano mukuru nevamwe makambani. It anokwanisa kupa pachake migero mhosva kuti kusimudzirwa, sezvo zvinobatsira kuti bureaucratic divi kusvika zvose inotaura. Chokwadi ndechokuti mukana zvose yehutungamiri yave zvakabudisa kambani ISO 21500 chirongwa utariri mureza: 2012. Izvi zvinokosha anoperekedza Project Management mune vakawanda munyika yose.

Kusiyana ISO 21500: 2012 kubva PMBOK

Mureza mumunda management wekambani rokutanga raratidza ISO muna 2003. Yaiva dzinokosha mirayiridzo inogona nechokwadi Qualitative kuurayiwa racho. Pasinei chekambani urongwa mukanyiwa kuparadzira gwaro, havana anoruramiswa. Naizvozvo, kubudikidza 2012, ISO kwakasimbiswa gwaro idzva, vari pamwe PMI. Project Management ava mureza zvakafanana ayo mukwikwidzi mune zvakawanda. Izvi ainyanya zvinoratidzwa pakuchengetedza kusachinja-chinja uye kukwana chigadzirwa.

Key zviri mureza ndeinotevera:

• pakusarudza Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri nzira pave chirongwa, zvisinei ayo Specification;
• chinhu zvizere kuti kunonzwisisika vechikamu dzose chirongwa, zvichiratidza utariri misimboti zvigadziriswe kunobudirira;
• zvinopa hwaro kuvandudza magadzirirwo tsika;
• anobva hwaro kuti anosanganisa zvinodiwa zvese zvose mumunda basa zvakanaka.

Zvakaratidza kuti mitemo iyi miviri ndiyo chaizvo saizvozvo neizvozvi. Zvinemazvo kuongorora musiyano pakati chirongwa aiva musayendisiti Polish Stanislav Gashik kusimbisa vose kusiyana Standardization basa zvakanaka.

Standardization mirayiridzo ICB IPMA

IPMA International Project Management Association rakaumbwa muSwitzerland muna 1965. Chinangwa chikuru chacho zvisikwa kwaiva kuchinjana zvakaitika pakati chirongwa Mamaneja rwevamwe inoti. Uye muna 1998, isu akasimbisa pfungwa Gadziriro advertising of nyanzvi mudonzvo mumunda muzvirongwa. Kureva, ino aifanira kuwana mureza pahwaro iyo yaizova kuti setifaya ari kukwanisa nyanzvi. Saka zvakanzi vakava mureza ICB, yakavakirwa takambosangana uye kufungisisa yenyika zvinodiwa kuti kugona enyika dzakawanda dzokuEurope. Panguva iyoyowo, mana chechetere muenzaniso advertising anzverwa.

Kusiyana kare anotsanangurwa dzakawanda uye ezvokutengeserana basa zvakanaka mitemo, ICB IPMA akatora ayo nheyo yokuronga patsva ruzivo, zivo uye unyanzvi vatungamiri mumunda basa zvakanaka. Chinangwa charo chikuru ndiko kuisa pose akabvuma zvaidiwa kuti kukwanisa PM nyanzvi. Panguva iyoyo ndipo ridhindwe yechitatu iyo 46 nezvinhu vaiungana mumapoka matatu: zvekushandisa, zvounhu kugona uye vakabvumirana. The yokupedzisira runoratidzwa kukwanisa achatungamirira kuvaka vanobudirira nzira chokuita wekuongorora.

Pane akanga akakudziridza schematic chiratidzo zvakaumbwa meso. Rinoti vose mapoka. Nhungamiri haisi rondedzero chaiyo unyanzvi, pezvakaitwa kana zvokushandisa management. Asi nzira iyi, zvakakodzera yokusvika ruzivo, unyanzvi uye kukurukurirana. Asi kunogona kubatsira kuona kana wacho kuti basa musoro Republic of Moldova akagadzirira kutora hofisi uye mune zvipi kuchiri anofanira kutanga.

Kubva ichi zvinoratidzika kuti mitemo akasiyana zvachose zvakasiyana, maererano nako yakasiyana nzira kuti advertising. PMI advertising kunoita iwe kuti musoro PMP, uye munyika dzakawanda chirongwa Kutarisira zvinodiwa zvakafanana iyi. Get vanopupurirwa munyika yedu vanogona kuva muguta guru uye St. Petersburg. Unofanira kuenda mumatanho matatu, anoti: yekutaura, kupfuura pabvunzo uye zvakaitika pre-zvinodiwa.

Kana tikatora sezvikonzero iri inoshanda kushanda wegadziriro, panyaya iri American nzira dzidziso iri chete yakatarwa zivo uye pfungwa. Asi IPMA Anoongorora mabhizimisi uye unhu wacho pachavo.

Prince 2 mureza

Chimwe National purojekiti utariri muchinda 2 mureza yakazokudziridzwa muUK uye pari kushandiswa munyika. Asi kukwikwidzana pamwe American utungamiriri, iye haagoni, nokuti nzira voga kuti mamwe mabasa. At chawo akarara pasi mirayiridzo yakajeka kuti kunovimbisa rakavimbika chinobudirira Implementation nechirongwa. Pasinei shoma zvezvinotaurwa mureza, yakatanga muna England, uchiri kushandiswa nevakawanda zvakakwana. kushandiswa kwaro muna IT-design, kugadzirwa uye mumusika pakuparurwa mishonga itsva, muna redzimba zvekutepfenyura, mune engineering pachena nemauto.

Nzira inosanganisira nechigadziko sectors, zvirongwa, sangano, unhu uye njodzi vari, nezvimwe zvinhu. In pokushandisa ichi chirongwa utariri unhu zvaanoda dzimwe nemhando vanofanira kuramba kuongorora kunyatsotevera uye kutevera zvigadzirwa, zviri hwakadzama zvikuru uye anorondedzerwa zvikuru nzira. Pane kuramba kugadziridzwa basa kwezvakatipoteredza, chizvarwa management zvinhu uye vanovadzidzisa mapepa. Inowanzoshandiswa nomwe zvinotaurwa, madingindira uye muitiro. Izvi zvinobvumira kuti vawane zvimwe kuita mitemo yepamusoro muzvirongwa. Asi pane drawback - hapana kudzidza pamusoro kurapa nerubatsiro kunyorerana, vemapato vanofarira uye pane zvimwe urongwa, izvo inorondedzerwa American dzakawanda chirongwa utariri mureza.

Practice kusarudzwa uye kushandisa yaisanganisa zvinodiwa

Panewo Russian National mitemo kukanganisa chirongwa zvakanaka. Chokwadi kuti makambani akawanda kushandisa dzimwe tsika kuti advertising uye kurapa mabasa avo. Asi panguva imwe chete-siyana ehurumende mitemo akagadzirirwa nomumwe makambani uyewo mitemo dzakawanda.

Maererano inogara zvinodiwa, kuti pasina iye muzviitiko zvakawanda havangagoni kuita pasina. Somuenzaniso, makambani vachishandisa British mitemo, zvinoda dzimwe nzira akafanana PMBOK. Uyewo, kushandiswa chete American mureza kunotungamirira kuperevedza vemunyika nzira. Asi ISO kana yakaenzana - purojekiti utariri mureza GOST R ISO 21500-2014 - kukwanisa kumisa zvipfupi zvinodiwa, asina kuchinja chaizvo yemakambani zvinodiwa. Kazhinji, kushandiswa chero nzira inofanira kuchinja basa tsika sangano, apo rinoshandiswa.

mhedziso

Ndanyatsomuongorora anenge ose makuru dzakawanda basa zvakanaka mitemo, tinogona zvakachengeteka kutaura kuti mudzimba mitemo regai kushandisa tsika, pasina dzimwe kuwedzererwa. Uyewo, mitemo dzakawanda zvinoda Optimization uye kuchinja kuti mafungiro uye kutarisirwa gadziriro munyika yedu. Saka, chasara kuverenga, ndicho chokwadi chokuti nokukurumidza tichava dzakachinjwa mudzimba nemitemo kugutsa zvinodiwa dzebhizimisi uye chirongwa utariri bhora. Asi kusvikira izvozvo zvaitika, zvinokosha chokubatanidza mitemo yakasiyana mumunda basa Kutarisira kuti zvinobudirira mugumisiro basa nyanzvi PM.