"Island of the Dead" - mufananidzo weArnold Böcklin. Tsanangudzo nemifananidzo

Muna 1827 muchengeti akaberekerwa muguta reSwitzerland reBasel, iro basa rayo rakakonzera kukura kwekuvepa uye tsika mumutambo. Zita raArnold Beklin raiva zita remhuri mumakwikwi eSymbolist artists, uye mufananidzo wakakurumbira waBekklin "The Island of the Dead" wakava chitubu chemhando dzakawanda dzinoshandiswa zvenyika.

Arnold Becklin

Muvambi wenheyo yezvakawanda zvekuzvidzivirira akaberekerwa mumhuri yesikiti yakabudirira yevatengesi Kristjana Friedrich Beklin. Arnold Becklin akagamuchira dzidzo yake yehutano muDüsseldorf uye, pasinei nemafambiro ake akasiyana uye maitiro akasiyana-siyana, anonyanya kuve pakati peDüsseldorf School of Painting.

Vadzidzisi vaikoshesa Becklin semudzidzi anovimbisa uye saka, achiri mudzidzi, Arnold aiwanzoenda kune imwe nyika, iyo kuBrussels neAntwerp, uko muchengeti wechidiki akanyora mabasa makuru echiDutch neFlanders masters. Imwe ruzivo rwevadzidzi mumakore edzidzidzi akatungamira Becklin kuenda kuParis, uko kwemakore gore munyori akashanda mu Louvre.

Muna 1850, muongorori akazosvika kuRome, uko kuvakwa kwechikafu, maitiro emamiriro ekunze uye tsika yakawanda yakamanikidza kuti agare kwemakore manomwe. MuItaly, Beklin akaroora musikana weko. Vaiva nemhuri huru - vana 14, avo vatanhatu chete vakasvika pakukura. Nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana, muenzi wacho nemhuri yake vaigara vachitamira, kwekanguva akazogara muWeimar, kwaakadzidzisa kuvepika pachikoro. MuBasel, Becklin aibatanidzwa mukupenda kwepamusoro pakurongeka , makore ekupedzisira munyori akapedza muItaly, mumusha wake pedyo neFlorence.

Symbolism uye "Island of the Dead"

Pakutanga kwebasa rake, Beklin akaveza nzvimbo nemagadziro emaguta. Nokufamba kwemazuva, basa rake rakagadziriswa nemafungiro ezvinyorwa, asi mabasa anozivikanwa kupfuura ose eSwitzerland mucheriri akanyorwa mumhando yekufananidzira. Zvisinei, aivewo aifarira zvikuru nzvimbo uye maitiro ezvinyorwa zvekare. Semuenzaniso, basa raArnn Becklin rakakurumbira, The Island of the Dead, ndiro mufananidzo uri zvose nzvimbo, nheyo dzenyanzvi, uye basa rakakomberedzwa rine zvakaoma, chiratidzo chakakura uye dzakawanda zvakavanzika.

Mumufananidzo unorwisana nemamiriro ekudenga, kune chitsuwa chiduku chakashambidzwa negirazi-semvura. Pachiwi ichi chinokura chakareba masikati machena, uye mumatombo kune mabhuti emakona anoyeuchidza zvekuchema. Pamuganhu wemvura igwa rakakura rinotumirwa kuchitsuwa, mune mairi maviri. Imwe yemifananidzo yakaputirwa mumucheka mutsvuku, sechifukidzo, uye inomira pamberi pebhokisi rakachena rectangular, rakafanana nebhokisi.

Pakati pezvinyorwa zvakawanda, shanduro inozivikanwa zvikuru ndiyo inotanga kutamba yekare dzechiGiriki mythology. Maererano naye, mweya yevane mafa, yakasarudzwa nevanamwari uye vanhu vakasiyana-siyana vanowana nzvimbo pachivande chiri pakati nepakati peSyx River. Nhamba iri muchena inowanzoidzwa se shamwari ye Charon.

Musoro wekufa waiva umwe weiwanowanikwa mubasa raBeklin. Zvakanakira kuti kusvikira "Island of the Dead" Arnold Beklin haana kumbopa mazita kumifananidzo yake, asi mukunyora nemutengi wepakutanga kwefirimu iye pachake akadana basa rake Die Toteninsel. Kwemakore anoverengeka, munyori wacho akanyora zvakasiyana-siyana zvemifananidzo, zvishanu zvadzo dzakanyorwa naBkklin pachake, uye wechitanhatu akanyora pamwe nemwanakomana wake Carlo mugore rekupedzisira rehupenyu hwake.

Chokutanga chokutanga

Murairo we "Island of the Dead" Becklin akapiwa kubva kumuranda wake, mutsigiri wehupenyu Alex Gunther. Shanduro yekutanga yemufananidzo yakanyorwa mu studio ye Florentine yemuiti. Becklin akapedza mufananidzo muna 1880, asi, sa Leonardo ne "Jokkonda", haana kuda kugovana nayo. Yokutanga "Chiwi cheVakafa" yakaramba iri muiri wezvisikwa wayo kusvika pakufa kwake.

Chikonzero chekubatanidza uku kumifananidzo ndeyekuti vatsoropodzi vazhinji vanodana rufu rwekunda waBakklin. Mwana wacho akafa muna 1877 uye akavigwa muguva reChirungu muguta reItaly reFlorence. Iyi yemakuva yakasimwa ine makwande marefu, umo vatsvakurudzi veSwitzerland symbolist creativity vanobata kufanana nemufananidzo.

«Picture for dreams»

Munguva yebasa pakatanga peji yepeji yaFike Becklin studio yakashanyirwa naMaria Berna, chirikadzi yepfumi yezvemari Georg von Bern. Zvichida, kushamiswa nechisimba chisina kupera, mukadzi wacho akarayira muenzi wacho "mufananidzo wezviroto." Kwaiye, Becklin akanyora chikamu chechipiri che "chiwi", chakanga chiri chiduku muhukuru, chakanyorwa pamapuranga emapuranga uye chakagadzirwa mune rumwe ruvara, ruvara ruvara.

Zvakanakira kuti chinhu chakavanzika zvikuru chemufananidzo we "Island of the Dead", iyo chikepe nemufananidzo we Charon, yakawedzerwa kune zvakakumbirwa pakukumbira kwaMaria Bern, kuchema murume wake. Gare gare, Beklin yakakwira chikepe kwete kungoita yechipiri chemufananidzo, asiwo pane yekutanga.

Mushure mekufa kwemukadzi wemusangano wechipiri che "Island of the Dead", mufananidzo wacho wakapiwa kune girazi muguta reLucerne, kubva kwaakatengwa neGottfried Keller Foundation. Nhasi, mufananidzo uyu unozivikanwa unoratidzwa muNew York Metropolitan Museum.

Mufananidzo weFritz Gurlita

Chechitatu, iyo yakakurumbira yakawanda yemufananidzo yakarayirwa nemuchengeteri Fritz Gurlit. Iye, akafanana nemamwe maviri okutanga, akanyorwa muFlorence uye akapedza muna 1883. Ichi ndicho chakanyanya kudarika pane zviripo zviripo zvemufananidzo. Mukuwedzera kune lighter gamut, shanduro yechitatu ye "Island" inoratidzirwa ne-dynamism - zvigwamba zvecheperesi yepispress bend pasi pemvura inoputika, uye mvura yepamusoro haina kufanana.

Iyi shanduro inozivikanwa zvikuru pamusana pekuti iyo yakanga iri nayo iyo Max Cleinger akaita sarudzo yakakwirira, iyo Fritz Gurlit yakadhindwa kuzvinyora. Mukupera kweXIX - kutanga kwezana mazana emakore mazana mashanu, izvi zvinyorwa zvaive zvakakurumbira muGermany, uko mafashoni avo akauya kune dzimwe nyika. Nhasi Old National Gallery yeBerlin inoratidzira mufananidzo wepakutanga mune imwe nguva yekuunganidza.

Matambudziko ezvemari uye chechina chechifananidzo

Gore mushure mekupedzwa kwebasa pane shanduro yechitatu ye "Island of the Dead", mhuri huru yeBikklin yakatarisana nezvinetso zvemari, zvichiita kuti munyanzvi anyore imwe shanduro yemifananidzo yake yakakurumbira, iyo yaakatengesa kumusorosoro akakurumbira, Baron Hans Thyssen-Bornemisse deCason.

Sezvakagadzirwa zvechina chechina, Beklin yakashandiswa nemhangura nemafuta. Zvinosuruvarisa, mufananidzo uyu haugoni kupona Hondo Yenyika Yechipiri uye yakaparadzwa, zvichida muBerlin kana Rotterdam. Paiva nemufananidzo wake wekutsva uye wakachena chete.

Canvas ye Museum of Fine Arts muLeipzig

Makore maviri gare gare, Beklin zvakare yakadzokera ku "Island of the Dead." Mifananidzo iyi yakarongedzwa neMusamende yeFinakiti yeguta reGermany reLeipzig. Zvakakosha kuti panguva ino munyori anofarira tempera kune mafuta paintini.

Mufananidzo wechishanu unoratidza zvakajeka kuti mugwagwa unotungamirira chikepe kuenda kuchitsuwa, kunze kwekuti, chikepe chacho pachacho chiri pedyo zvikuru nechinangwa, kana ichienzaniswa nezvimwe zvingasarudzwa. Zvinonakidza kuti nepo kunyanya kwekugadzirwa kwe "Island of the Dead" kunoramba kusiri, mune imwe shanduro pane zvinyorwa zvishoma zvakasiyana. Mucherechedzo wechiratidzo chezvitanhatu zvakasiyanawo.

Painting "The Island of the Dead" muHermitage

Shanduro yechitanhatu yeArnold Becklin, iyo iri mumusangano wega, asi inoratidzwa muSt. Petersburg Hermitage, ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa. Zvichida nokuti pakati pekunyorwa kweshanduro yechishanu neyechitanhatu ye "Island of the Dead" anenge makore mashanu apfuura. Zvinonakidza kuti Becklin akanyora iyi shanduro mukubatana pamwe nemwanakomana wake Carlo mugore rekupedzisira rehupenyu hwake.

Chimiro chechiitiko chenguva yaro

Nokuda kwechiitiko chisingazivikanwi, chaive chifananidzo ichi chaBekklin chakazova basa rechitendero munguva yake. Ndiyo "Chiwi cheVakafa" - mufananidzo wakaunza mukurumbira wehupenyu kune munyori wayo. Mune dzimwe tsika dzemitambo, Becklin yakanga inenge yakabatana, ichidana "Michelangelo weNew Era".

Maererano nevanhu venguva dzose, "Chiwi cheVakafa" chifananidzo chakanga chiri chikamu chinokosha chemukati wevechipiri vechidiki uye tsika dzekuchenjera intelligentsia uye nedzimwe nyika dzakasununguka shure kwezana remakore rechi20.

Zvinyorwa zveshanduro yechitatu yemufananidzo yakamhanya muEurope yose. Vafudzi veBeklin's creativity, iyo iyo "Island of the Dead" ndiyo yakanyanya tsika netsika dzakawanda. Apollinaire, Clemenceau, Freud, Dali, Kandinsky naRachmaninov vakafadzwa nemhepo yemashiripiti yemufananidzo uye simba rayo kune vateereri. Nzira yechitatu yakatengwa naAdolf Hitler uye yakagara muReich Chancellery.

"Chiwi cheVakafa" - mufananidzo wakave chikonzero chekufuridzirwa kwemamwe mabasa akawanda ekugadzira mufananidzo, uyewo mumimhanzi, cinema, nhetembo uye mufananidzo.