Great portraitists. Vatambi-portraitists

Chifananidzo ndicho unyanzvi hwekubereka chimiro chemunhu kana boka revanhu vane zvakakwana. Sezvo mutemo, ichi chimiro chekugadzira chinoteerera imwe chimiro. Muvezi uyo akanyora mufananidzo wacho anogona kunge ari kune imwe kana imwe chikoro chokupenda. Uye mabasa ake anozivikanwa nekuda kweunhu pachavo uye chimiro, icho mufananidzo anotevera.

Kare uye Nhasi

Vanyori-vanoratidzira vanoratidzira vanhu chaivo, vanobva kune zvakasikwa, kana kuti vanoberekesa mifananidzo kubva kare kubva mumusoro. Chero zvazviri, mufananidzo wacho unobva pane chimwe chinhu uye unotakura mashoko pamusoro pomumwe munhu. Kazhinji chinyorwa chakadaro chinoratidza nguva, zvive zvemazuva ano kana zvakaitika. Muchiitiko ichi, vanyori vemifananidzo, panzvimbo yemamiriro akasiyana-siyana, vanoratidza huwandu hunoenderana nezviratidzo, zvakadai sekuvakwa kwemazuva iwayo, zvinoratidzwa kumashure, kana zvimwe zvimwe zvinhu zvakasiyana.

Rembrandt

Unyanzvi hwakanaka hwakasiyana-siyana, uye mararamiro ayo ega anogona kuve akazvimiririra kune mumwe, asi anogona kugadzirwa. Nokudaro mune imwe mifananidzo nyaya dzakasiyana dzakabatanidzwa kuva imwechete, asi chiso chomunhu chinogara chichitonga. Vakakurumbira voratidziro vekare vakapiwa unyanzvi hwokumiridzira muhutano mukukwana. Kune vatenzi vakadaro vanogona kunzi vainzi muenzi wechiDutch Rembrandt van Rijn (1606-1669), uyo akanyora zviratidzo zvakawanda. Uye chimwe nechimwe chazvo chinozivikanwa sechinhu chakanaka chokupenda. Ichokwadi chechokwadi hachifi, nokuti mitsva yaRhumbrandt van Rijn inopfuura makore mazana mashanu emakore.

Engraving inyanzvi hunyengeri

Vakakurumbira voratidziro vekare ndivo nyika yenyika iyo mavakaberekerwamo, vakararama uye vakasika mifananidzo yavo. Nhoroondo inozivikanwa munhoroondo yekupenda yakasara nemuimbi wechiGermany Albrecht Durer (1471-1528), uyo akashanda mumhando ye engraving. Mifananidzo yake inoratidzwa mumamyuziyamu akakurumbira munyika yose. Mifananidzo yakavezwa nemufananidzo panguva dzakasiyana, dzakadai se "Mufananidzo weVene Venetian", "Mufananidzo weMambo Maximilian", "Mufananidzo weMusikana" uye vamwe, havakwanisi kunyora. Vakuru vorudzi rwemafirimu vanosiyana kubva kune vamwe vese vanyori vari mumwero wakakwirira wekutaura. Zvavanoda ndeye muenzaniso wekutevedzera.

Musoro wevakadzi

Giovanni Boldini (1842-1931), muenzi weItaly, anogara mune imwe yenzvimbo dzokutanga mune urongwa hwe "Great portraitists yenyika." Iye anozivikanwa semudzidzisi asina kufanirwa wemusikana wechikadzi. Mifananidzo yake inogona kutaridzirwa kwemaawa, saka yakarurama uye mifananidzo yakaisvonaka. Mivara yakajeka, kakawanda mumvuri wechando, kusiyanisa marwadzo, mutambo we halftones - zvose zvinounganidzwa mumifananidzo yake. Muenzi wacho anokwanisa kuratidza hutano hwemukadzi anoratidzwa muhombe, uye kunyange mafungiro ake.

Vanoratidzirwa mifananidzo yevanoridzi veRussia

MuRussia panguva dzose paiva nevanyori vakuru. Chimiro chechifananidzo chakatanga muzana remakore rechi14 AD, apo vanyori vane tarenda vakadai saAndrei Rublev naTheophanes the Greek vakaonekwa. Basa ravo rakanga risina kunyatsobatanidzwa nemhando yemufananidzo, nokuti ava vanyori vakanyora zviratidzo, asi maitiro ezvisikwa ekuumba mifananidzo akabatanidzwa.

Munguva imwecheteyo, akasika dhiabhorosi anozivikanwa Dionysius (1440-1502), chinyorwa chaIvan III, Tsar weMoscow. Mutongi akarayira muenzi wacho kuti atore kereke yepamusoro kana kereke, uye ipapo akatarisa sezvaanenge achigadzirira. Mambo akafarira kubatanidzwa mubasa rakadaro rakaropafadzwa.

Mumwe wevatenzi vokutanga vemifananidzo yeRussia aiva Ivan Nikitin (1680-1742), uyo akadzidziswa muEurope. Akanakidzwa nekufarirwa kwaMambo Petro Mukuru. Mabasa anonyanya kuzivikanwa aNicitin ndiwo mifananidzo yaAgasto II, Mambo wePoland uye Duke weMecklenburg.

Zubov Alexey (1682-1750), anonyanya kugadzira mifananidzo yemifananidzo. Ndiye aidiwa naPetro Mukuru. Vose pamwechete nababa vake, munyori wezvigadzirwa zvevhidhiyo-vaFeror Zubov, akabatanidzwa mune zvakagadziriswa neAlory Chamber yeMoscow Kremlin.

Mifananidzo mikuru yezana remakore rechi18 muRussia, semutemo, akanyora kuronga.

Vasily Tropinin (1776-1857), muenzi wekuRussia anozivikanwa, ainyatsozivikanwa muna 1827. Akasika chikwata chemabhanhire aPushkin Alexander Sergeevich, mumiririri akajeka zvikuru wezvinyorwa zveRussia. Mutemo wakagadzirwa nemunyori wega. Uye mufananidzo wacho wakagadzirirwa shamwari yaAlexander Sergeevich, Sobolevsky. Mufananidzo uyu wakava chisikwa chakakurumbira kupfuura zvose, apo Pushkin yakamboratidzwa. Painting "Alexander Pushkin" Tropinin nguva dzose yakave yerudzi rwemhando.

Orest Kiprensky (1782-1836) akatanga kunyora ava nemakore 22. Mifananidzo yekutanga yakasikwa naPolrensky mumutauro waRembrandt, chitubu chakaratidzwa naAlex Valbe. Basa rakakurumbira zvikuru remuhanzi "Mufananidzo waE V. V. Davydov," yakanyorwa muna 1809. Mifananidzo yakawanda yeOrest Kiprensky iri muTrtyakov Gallery.

Alexei Venetsianov (1780-1847) muenzi weRussia anonzi ndiye akatanga nheyo yekuita mufananidzo wemifananidzo. Akanga ari mudzidzi wekuremekedza mufananidzo weVladimir Borovikovsky. Uyu musikana muenzi Venetsianov akawana mukurumbira wakawanda nekuda kwekudhindwa "Mufananidzo weMama", wakagadzirwa muna 1801.

Borovikovsky Vladimir (1757-1825), akaberekerwa muMirgorod, akave akakurumbira uye akakurumbira mushure mekuungana naCatherine II, achifamba mukati mekushanyira kwake muna 1787. Muvepi akaumba ruzha rwemifananidzo yehuni muimba yamambo, iyo yaiva munzira yeMmpress. Catherine aifara nebasa raBorovikovsky uye akamupa mari yakawanda.

Nyaya ye "Great portraitists yeRussia yezana remakore rechi19" inotungamirirwa naIvan Nikolaevich Kramskoy (1837-1887), muvepi anonyanya kukosha, tenzi wemifananidzo yekunamatira yechitendero. Mufananidzo uyu unyanzvi weKramskoi wakamubvumira kuti aumbe mifananidzo yevanhu vakakurumbira, pakati pavo PM Tretyakov, SP Botkin, II Shishkin, ME Saltykov-Shchedrin, LN Tolstoy nevamwe.

Mifananidzo yakakurumbira zvikuru yeRussia ndeyemazuva ano

Igor Belkovsky (akazvarwa muna 1962), nhengo inobatana yeRussia Art Academy, nhengo yeUniversity of Artists of Russia, rakagadzirirwa "yeBright Future" Mubayiro, yakagadzwa naGavhuna weChelyabinsk Region.

Alexander Shilov (akazvarwa muna 1943), Mupi wevanhu we USSR, nhengo yeMutungamiri weChristian for Culture uye Art. Iye ndiye munyori wemifananidzo yakawanda yevanhu venguva yake.