Muimbi weItaly Rossini: biography, zvisikwa, nhau yeupenyu uye mabasa akanaka

Itari nyika inoshamisa. Chero chimiro chiripo chakakosha, kana vanhu vari mairi vanorarama chisingawanzove, asi nyika yakanakisisa mabasa enyanzvi mune imwe nzira yakabatana nehurumende yeMediterranean. Mimhanzi iyi peji yakasiyana muhupenyu hweItaly. Bvunza chero ani zvake kuti zita remuenzi mukuru weItaly Rossini aiva ani, uye gamuchira mhinduro yakarurama pakarepo.

Talented Belcanto Belcher

Zvinoratidzika kuti nyanzvi yemimhanzi inobatanidzwa kune vose vanogara muApennine peninsula nemasikirwo pachavo. Haisi mungozi kuti mazwi ose emimhanzi anoshandiswa mukunyora zvizhinji anouya kubva mumutauro wechiLatini.

Hazvibviri kufungidzira mutaliyane uyo asingazivi kuimba zvakanaka. Kuimba kwakanaka, muchiLatini bel canto, inzira chaiyo yeItaly yekuita nziyo dzokuimba. Muparidzi Rossini akave akakurumbira pasi rose nekuda kwezvirevo zvake zvinonakidza, zvakasikwa zvakananga nenzira iyi.

MuEurope, bhan canto mafashoni akauya pamagumo ezana remakore gumi nemasere nerepfumbamwe. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti munyori mukuru wekuItaly Rossini akaberekwa panguva yakafanira zvikuru uye munzvimbo yakakodzera. Akanga ari mudiwa wekupedzisira here? Hazvina chokwadi. Zvingangodaro, chikonzero chekubudirira kwake mune chipo chaMwari chetare uye mumamiriro ehutsika. Uyezve, nzira yekuumba mimhanzi yakanga iri kwaari kwete chero inotyisa. Mitambo yakaberekerwa mumusoro wemunyori nechishamiso chinoshamisa - tine nguva yekunyora pasi.

Utano hwomunyori

Zita rakazara remunyori Rossini rinonzwika seGioacchino Antonio Rossini. Akazvarwa musi waFebruary 29, 1792 muguta rePasaro. Mwana wacho aishamisa chaizvo. "Little Adonis" - ndiro zita romunyori wokuItaly Rossini achiri muduku. Muchimi wekuMancinelli, uyo akanga ari mufananidzo panguva iyoyo masvingo echechi yeSaint Ubaldo, akakumbira kuvabereki vake kuratidza Gioacchino pane imwe yefrescoes. Akaisa chisimbiso mumufananidzo wemwana, uyo uyo ngirozi inotaura nezve nzira yekuenda kudenga.

Vabereki vake, kunyange zvazvo vakanga vasina dzidzo yepamhizha yepamhizha, vaiva vaimbi. Amai, Anna Gvidarini-Rossini vakanga vane soprano yakanaka zvikuru uye vakaimba mumitambo yemimhanzi yemunharaunda yemunharaunda, uye baba vake, Giuseppe Antonio Rossini, vakaridzawo hwamanda uye runyanga rweFrance.

Mwana oga ari mumhuri, Gioakkino akakombererwa nehanya uye asingatarisiri vabereki chete, asiwo vanamainini, vanamainini, vanasekuru navanasekuru.

Yekutanga mimhanzi inoshanda

Yokutanga kuedza kunyora mimhanzi, akaitora, pakarepo paakawana mukana wekutora zviridzwa zvemimhanzi. Iyo yakawanda yemukomana ane makore gumi nemana anotarisa chaizvo. Mune mairi pane zvakajeka kutevedza maitiro e opera kuvaka masimbiro emimhanzi - kazhinji maitiro echirevo anonyanya kusimbiswa, mune maitiro, kuimba mimhanzi inokunda.

Iraibhurari ye US Congress inochengetedza nhamba mitanhatu ine sonatas ye quartet. Iro ndeye 1806 gore.

"Bhabheri reSeville": nhoroondo yebasa racho

Munyika yose, munyori Rossini, anozivikanwa zvikuru semunyori we opera buff "The Barber yeSeville", asi vashomanana vanogona kutaura kuti yaiva nyaya yechitarisiko chake. Zita rekutanga re opera ndi "Almaviva, kana Vain Precaution". Icho chokwadi ndechekuti imwe "Bharber yeSeville" panguva iyoyo yakanga yatovapo. Iko opera yekutanga yekutamba kunonakidza naBeumarchais yakanyorwa nemunhu anoremekedzwa Giovanni Paisiello. Basa rake nekubudirira kukuru rakaenda pamatanho emitambo yeItaly.

Teatro Argentino akaita musikana wechidiki mutemo wekutora mafirimu. Zvose izvi, zvakasarudzwa nemunyori, zvakarambwa. Rossini akabvunza Paisiello kuti amubvumirire kunyora opera yake pamba yeBeumarchais. Haana kufunga. Iyo yakakurumbira "The Barber of Seville" Rossini yakanyorwa kwemazuva gumi nemaviri.

Zviviri zvekutanga uye zvakasiyana nemigumisiro

Mutungamiri uyu wakaitika nekukundikana kwekunzwa. Nenzira yakawanda, iyi opera inosanganisira zviitiko zvakawanda zvisinganzwisisiki. Kunyanya, kuparara kwechikwata ichi nechisimba. Yaiva yepopuriri yevanhu vanoverengeka vanofara nziyo dzevanhu. Mutambi Rossini aifanira kukurumidza kuuya nechinzvimbo chemashizha akarasa. Mune mapepa ake, manotsi ave akachengeterwa kwema opera Chikamu cheStange chakanyorwa makore manomwe akapfuura uye opera yakakanganwa. Kuita shanduko shomanana, akabatanidza mararamiro anonakidza uye anyore ezvake akanyorwa mune imwe opera. Chipiri chekushanda kwaiva kukunda. Yaiva nhanho yekutanga munzira inoenda kune mukurumbira wenyika we munyori, uye kuimba kwake kudzokorora kunowedzera kufadza pakati pevanhu.

Akanga asina zvimwe zvakaitika zvakakomba pamusoro pezvibereko.

Kubwinya kwomunyori wacho kwakakurumidza kusvika kunyange kumakwikwi eEurope. Akachengetwa mashoko pamusoro pezita remunyori Rossini shamwari dzake. Heinrich Heine akamutora "Sun of Italy" ndokudana "Divine Maestro".

Austria, England neFrance muhupenyu hwa Rossini

Mushure mokukunda kwerudzi rwemusha Rossini naIsabella Colbran vakaenda kundokunda Vienna. Pano akanga atozivikanwa uye akazivikanwa sevanyori venguva yakaisvonaka. Akarumbidzwa naSchumann, uye Beethoven, akapofumadza zvachose panguva ino, akaratidza kuyemura uye akarayira kuti arege kusiya nzira yekuumbwa kwe opera buff.

Paris neLondon zvakasangana nomunyori wacho ane chishuvo chiduku. MuFrance, Rossini akagara kwenguva refu.

Munguva yekurwendo rwake rurefu, akanyora uye akaita mabasa ake akawanda munzvimbo dzakanakisa dzeMoscow. Mukadzi wacho aibatwa nemutsa nemadzimambo uye akazoziva nevanhu vane simba zvikuru munyika yose yezvigadzirwa zvematongerwo enyika uye zvematongerwo enyika.

MuFrance, Rossini achadzoka uye pamagumo ehupenyu kuzorapwa nekuda kwezvirwere zvemudumbu. MuParis, munyori uyu achafa. Izvi zvichaitika musi waNovember 13, 1868.

"Wilhelm Tell" - iyo opera yokupedzisira yemunyori

Rossini haana kuda kupedza nguva yakawandisa pabasa. Kakawanda mumagetsi matsva akashandisa zvakafanana, nguva refu-kufunga-out outings. Pamusana pemaitiro ose emitambo, hazvina kutora nguva yakawanda kupfuura mwedzi. Pakupedzisira, munyori akavanyorera 39.

Akazvipira "Wilhelm Tell" kumwedzi mitanhatu yose. Vose mapato vakanyora zvakare, vasingashandisi zvikoro zvekare.

Rwiyo rwemhanzi rwevarwi veAustria vanopinda neRosini rune urombo mupfungwa dzakashata, ruremekedzo uye ruzhinji. Uye nokuda kwevanhu veSwitzerland, avo vakaramba kuteerera varanda, munyori, asi, akanyora chikamu chakasiyana-siyana, chinyorwa, rhythm-rich party. Akashandisa nziyo dzevanhu vevafudzi veAlpine neTyrolean, achiwedzera kwavari kuItaly kushanduka uye nhetembo.

MunaAgasti 1829, yekutanga ye opera yakaitika. Mambo weFrance Carl X akafadzwa uye akapiwa Rossini Mutemo weHow Honorary Legion. Vateereri vakapindura nezvema opera zvishoma. Chokutanga, chiito chakatambanudzwa kwemaawa mana, uye chechipiri, nzira itsva dzomumhanzi dzakagadzirwa nemunyori dzakave dzakaoma kunzwisisa.

Mumazuva anotevera masitirwo emitambo yakaderedza kushanda. Rossini akatsamwa uye akazvidzwa kumusoro.

Pasinei nokuti iyi opera yakakonzera zvakanyanya kufambira mberi kwemaitiro opera, sezvinoratidzwa mumabasa akadaro ehu heroic naGaetano Donizetti, Giuseppe Verdi naVincenzo Bellini, "Wilhelm Tell" iye zvino haawanzoitiki pachigamba.

Revolution mu opera

Rossini akaita matanho maviri akakomba ekugadzirisa zvinyorwa zvemazuva ano. Akanga ari iye wokutanga kunyora muzvikamu zvose zvikamu zvezwi nemashoko akakodzera uye zvakakosha. Pamberi peizvi, vaimbi vakakurudzirwa nemapoka avo, sezvavaida.

Ichinhu chitsva chakatevera chaiva kufambidzana kwekudzokorora mimhanzi inowirirana. Mune opera-seria, izvi zvakapa mukana wekugadzira kuguma-kwekupedzisira instrumental inserts.

Mugumo wekunyora basa

Vanyori vezvakaitika kare vezvakaitika kare nevanyori vezvakaitika kare vasati vauya kubvumirana, izvo zvakaita kuti Rossi asiye basa remuimbi wemabasa emimhanzi. Iye pachake akataura kuti akanga azvipa zvizere nehutano hwakwegura hwakasununguka, uye akazora ruzha rwehupenyu hwevanhu vose. Kana aine vana, aizoramba achinyora mimhanzi uye aise maitiro ake pazvikamu zve opera.

Basa rekupedzisira remitambo yemunyori wacho raiva opera-seria "Wilhelm Tell". Aive nemakore 37. Gare gare dzimwe nguva akaitisa orchestras, asi haana kudzokera kunyoresa manyore.

Kubika - chido chekuda chemaestro

Rudo rwechipiri rukuru rwe Rossini guru rwaiva kubika. Akatambura zvakanyanya nekuda kwekufungidzira kwake kwezvokudya zvakanatswa. Achisiya hupenyu hwemimhanzi yevanhu vose, haana kuva munhu anonyadzisa. Imba yake yaigara ichizara nevashanyi, mitambo yakanga yakazara yezvokudya zvinoshamisa izvo maestro akazviitira pachake. Iwe unogona kufunga kuti kuumbwa kwemainisipasi kwakamupa mukana wekuwana mari yakawanda, kuitira kuti pamatope emakore nemoyo wake wose aizodzipa pachedu yake yekudaidzira.

Mhuri Miviri

Gioacchino Rossini akaroora kaviri. Mukadzi wake wokutanga, Isabella Colbran, muridzi wezvakaitwa naMwari shanduro soprano, akaita zvikamu zvose zvese mumasasa emaestro. Akanga ari mukuru wemakore manomwe kupfuura murume wake. Mudzimai wake, muimbi Rossini, akamuda here? Nhoroondo yemuimbi iyi hairevi pamusoro peizvi, uye sa Rossini pachake, inofungidzirwa kuti hurumende iyi yaive yebhizimisi kupfuura rudo.

Mudzimai wake wechipiri, Olympia Pelissier, akava shamwari yake kwoupenyu hwake hwose. Vakatungamirira hupenyu hune rugare uye vaifara chaizvo pamwechete. Rossini haana kunyora mimhanzi, kunze kwemabasa maviri emitambo - Misa yeKaturike "Amai wekushungurudzika" (1842) uye "The Little Mass" (1863).

Miti mitatu yeItaly, iyo inonyanya kukosha kune munyori

Vagari vemaguta matatu eItaly vanodada vachireva kuti munyori Rossini ndiye nyika yavo. Yokutanga ndiyo nzvimbo yekuzvarwa yeGioacchino, guta rePararo. Yechipiri ndiColombia, kwaakagara kwenguva refu uye akanyora mabasa ake makuru. Guta rechitatu Florence. Pano, muBasilica yeSanta Croce, munyori weItaly D. Rossini akavigwa. Madota ake akaunzwa kubva kuParis, uye mufananidzo wakaisvonaka Giuseppe Cassioli akagadzira dombo rakanaka.

Rossini mumabhuku

Nhoroondo yeRossini, Gioacchino Antonio, yakarondedzerwa nevanhu vepanguva yake neshamwari mumabhuku akawanda ezvinyorwa, uyewo mune zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvezvigadzirwa. Akanga ava nemakore makumi matatu apo nhoroondo yekutanga yemunyori, yakatsanangurwa naFrederic Stendhal, yakabudiswa. Inonzi Rossini's Life.

Imwe shamwari yomuumbidzi, munyori wenyanzvi wezvinyorwa Alexander Dumas, akaitsanangura muhurukuro shoma "Kudya paRoss, kana kuti Vadzidzi vaviri kubva kuBoli." Ihwo hupenyu hunofadza uye hunoshamwaridzana hweItaly huru hunotorwa munhau dzakawanda uye anecdotes dzakachengetedzwa neshamwari dzake nevanoziva.

Pakupedzisira, mabhuku akaparadzana akabudiswa nenyaya dzinonakidza uye dzinonakidza.

Makinematographerwo haana kunyatsoteerera mutari mukuru weItaly. Muna 1991, Mario Monicelli akaratidza firimu yake pamusoro paRoss pamwechete naSergio Castellito mubasa rehurukuro.