Tsika chinyakare vanhu - kunyanya ayo

Culture pamusoro chinyakare vanhu, izvo akabva murume akangwara, vaiona zvikuru kare nguva kare. Vanhu vose yedu vakapfuura Danho iri dzakaitika kukura, achiumba kwakatangira haizopereri nebudiriro vanhu (yezvokunamata uye zvinhu). Panguva ino paiva vokutanga vanhu uye vokutanga mamiriro, asi zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti upenyu chinyakare vanhu havana kuva kuongorora izere chokwadi.

Kudzidza chinyakare tsika yakanga rakaoma nokuda kushaya matongo Data hwaro uye kushaya zvinyorwa zvakanyorwa. Wapiwa chokwadi ichi, sayenzi siyana vave kumanikidzwa kuita basa rokuvakazve zvimwe Zvikamu munhoroondo iyi. Kakawanda, pfungwa akabhadhara namarudzi Australia, Oceania, Africa, sezvo vari kuonekwa "chavasina" iri tanga emunhu.

Wokutanga ibwe maturusi, vanochera matongo vakawana kuti zvakaitwa kwemakore anopfuura mamiriyoni maviri apfuura. Cherechedza kuti munguva yedu Krisimasi Rinotora zvishoma kupfuura 2 chemakore, uye chokwadi ichi anopa kodzero kuti vanenge 99% nhoroondo yacho, vanhu vaigara chinyakare muvanhu.

Tsika chinyakare vanhu ine specificity kwayo, izvo kunorondedzerwa vanoverengeka nekusimba chokwadi. Chekutanga, zviri tinoberekwa chinyakare dzokurima uye nyore zvokushandisa. Chechipiri, iyi inozivikanwa nokusanzwisisa zivo inokosha yesayenzi wakakwana, asi zivo zvakasikwa zvakanga zvakaisvonaka, kunyange zvazvo kunzwisiswa chete iri nzwisisa chechetere. Chechitatu, chinyakare muvanhu, tsika yakasiyana nedzimwe pakuti ungwaru vanhu vaigara iyoyo, akanga asiri muduku needu. vanopinda inokosha zvigadzirwa, pasina izvo nyanzvi dzakawanda vasisiri kumirira pakuzadzisa Nokuda ichi tsika (tiri kutaura pamusoro kuvakwa kwedzimba, moto ugone unyanzvi, kuti domestication mhuka).

Special ngwariro vanofanira syncretism pamusoro chinyakare tsika, inova musimboti chepfungwa nguva pasi pakudzokorora. Izvi zvinoreva kuti ari mutsika yekare vakanga vasiri nyanzvi nokuti pakanga pasina specialization kuuya kubva muvanhu. Mumwe mumiririri weimwe chinyakare pamusoro akanga mhando nhaka ruzivo zvinokosha izvo aizobvumira kuti tiite zvose zvakafanira mabasa. Maonero enyika uye kuziva kwevanhu vakanga undifferentiated. Mumwe primordial venyama vari hweunhu (hapana kunyange akafunga panguva sei kutakura pachako uri mukirasi). Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa Zvisinei, kuti inobva syncretism vokutanga kuedza kutsanangura nyika. At mwoyo kwakadaro dzidziso dziri kuitwa uye kufunga nomuenzaniso.

Tsika chinyakare vanhu vaiva mumwe peculiarity: apo vanhu (pasina chaakasiya) aidavira kuti vazhinji miti, nzizi, makomo uye matombo zviso, saka vanogona kufurira Zviitiko siyana munyika. Nokukurumidza boka mashiripiti uye chinyakare syncretism inosvitsa kwaita representational basa, izvo zvinowanisa unyanzvi.

Attention inofanira kubhadharwa, uye gadziriro kupatsanura pakati chinyakare tsika. Zvinosuruvarisa kuti zvevakomana, hapana chimwe Zano weboka, asi zvikuru nevanhu uye vakava anonzi ane matongo periodization. Zvinonzi kwakavakirwa siyana nevanhu zvokushandisa, uyewo zvinhu zvose kushandiswa. Runotungamirirwa nenheyo iyi weboka, ari chinyakare zvaiita gadziriro rakakamurwa mazera zvitatu: ibwe, ndarira nesimbi. Chakarebesa nguva munhoroondo yevanhu ichaongororwa ibwe Age, izvo zvinozoita rakakamurwa eras nhatu: Paleolithic, Mesolithic uye neolithic.