Jules Verne. "Chitsuwa Chisinganzwisisiki" - bhuku raidiwa rezvizvarwa zvakawanda

Vashomanana vanyengeri vakakwanisa kuita nesayenzi nheyo yakasiyana yebasa guru, iro rakazvipira mukudzidza kwezvinhu zvose, pasi, pamwe nekusvika kutsva. Uye zvakadaro pane munyori uyo, nokuda kwezvakasiyana-siyana zvehuwandu uye tsanangudzo, kubatana kwepurogiramu uye kushandiswa kwaro, kwakasikwa mumabhuku ake imwechete iyo yakawanda kwazvo munyika yose munguva yehupenyu hwake, iyo yakaita kuti basa rake riwedzere kushamisa. Mabasa anonyanya kugadziriswa uye anofadza anopiwa kunyika neJules Verne. "Chitsuwa Chisinganzwisisiki" chinozivikanwa nevaverengi vazhinji seimwe remabhuku ake akakurumbira, akabatanidzwa munyaya dzakanzi "Unusual Journeys", uye rimwe remabhuku aanofarira vana. Basa racho rinokwanisa kutora uye kuverenga munhu mukuru.

Uye hazvishamisi kuti bhuku racho rakabatanidzwa munhamba yezvinyorwa zvenyika adventure mabhuku. Akaona chiedza muna 1874. Kufanana nemamwe mabasa emunyori, akabatanidzwa nehupano hwechigadziro uye ruzivo, akawana mukurumbira unoshamisa munyika.

Bhuku rokutanga rebhuku rakaitika mu "Journal of Education and Entertainment" muparidzi Etzel, uyo akanyora pachake zvinyorwa zve "Robinsonade yemhando itsva." Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti bhuku rino rinonyanya kuitika nekudhindwa kwemasvondo makumi matatu nematatu akanyorwa naJules Verne. "Chitsuwa Chisinganzwisisiki" chakabudiswa naEtzel mumabhuku matatu akasiyana. Chikamu chekutanga - "Chiwi chinoshamisa. Kuparara mumhepo "- yakabudiswa munaSeptember 1874, yechipiri -" Yakabviswa "- munaApril 1875, uye" Chakavanzika cheChiwi "- munaOctober 1875.

Sekuve munaNovember 1875, yekutanga kubudiswa kwemifananidzo inooneka, umo maive nemifananidzo 152 naJules Fehr (ivo vaizivikanwa nevatsoropodzi vakawanda sepamusoro pekubata kwake).

Mugore rimwechete rakaonekwa shanduro yekutanga yevhidhiyo muchiChirungu, iyo yakasiyana chaizvo nemashoko ekutanga omunyori. Shanduro yakazara yebhuku yakaitwa muna 2001 chete. Kune vaverengi vokuRussia, "The Mysterious Island" mukushandurwa Marco Vovchok yakavapo muna 1875. Nguva pfupi-kuuya-dzimwe nhepfenyuro dzeVerne muRussia dzakasangana nemufaro mukuru uye dzakakonzera mhinduro dzakawanda mumutsara.

Bhuku rinonzi Jules Verne "Rinoshamisa" rakabva pane zvinyorwa zvekare zvezvinyorwa. Rakazara nesayenzi uye kugadzirisa zvinhu. Asi iyi ndiyo chikamu chinonakidza chebhuku racho, rakagadzikana mune zvesayenzi uye chirevo chekufungidzira kwebhuku rinoshandisa rivhidhiyo, nhoroondo yainobva pamapeji ekutanga. Iyi inyaya isina kujairika, inofadza, iyo yakajeka, iyo iri munzvimbo yakaisvonaka inotanga kuitika pamberi pomudzidzi Jules Verne. "Chitsuwa Chisinganzwisisiki" Inovhura nyika inokosha ine magungano ayo nemitemo, apo ma heroes asingarasikirwi nekutenda mukubudirira kwebhizimisi ravo anokwanisa kudarika mumiedzo yakaoma zvikuru. Iyi ndiyo mhando yenziyo yevanhu vakasiyiwa kune chiwi chisingaagari uye vakakwanisa kuzviisa pasi pachedu maitiro chaiwo, rwiyo rwekuda kwavo simba uye ushingi.

Iyo inoverengeka inofadzawo mune izvi, sekuenderera mberi kwemabasa "Vana vaKapiteni Grant" uye "20 000 mairi pasi pemvura", ndiwo mugumo wenhoroondo yeKapiteni Nemo uye mamwe ma heroes. Ichi chetatu ndicho chaiva chikuru chebasa raJules Verne. Munyori akakwanisa kubudirira maari mune unyanzvi hwakanakisisa hwounyanzvi, kuti aumbe mifananidzo yakajeka yevanyori. Pfungwa yekubatanidza nhaurirano muhurukuro yakaonekwa panguva yekunyora "Chitsuwa Chisinganzwisisiki". Uye vaverengi vakakumbira munyori kumutsa Captain Nemo uye kutsanangura chakavanzika chake. Zvisinei, mushure mekusawirirana kwemazuva ari mumanyori inoonekwa, ivo vanobva pamusana pekuti mabhuku apfuura ematatu akanyorwa kare.

Jules Verne akakwanisa kutora muverengi, sezvo akazvipira nguva yakawanda kuti aongorore mabasa ake. Iye pachake akafamba nyika, akaenda kuEngland, kuScotland, United States, Scandinavia, Netherlands, Denmark, Germany, akafamba pachiteshi chechikepe achishandisa Gungwa reMediterranean, achishanyira Tangier, Algeria, Gibraltar, Lisbon. Nokudaro, dzakawanda zvekufamba kwake dzakagadzira nheyo yemanano e "Kuratidzika Kusawanda", kusanganisira "Chitsuwa Chisinganzwisisiki". Verne nguva dzose akaedza kutevedzera zvinyorwa mumashoko akatsanangurwa, kuva echokwadi, kunyange zvazvo kazhinji pfungwa dzevanoverengeka dzake dzakapesana nezivo yesayenzi yenguva iyoyo.

Zvakaoma kushamisika muverengi wemazuva ano nemhando ipi zvayo yekugadzirira, asi chimiro chairo, heroes, uyewo pfungwa yeanoverengi inogona kutora pamapeji ekutanga nhasi. Sokunge iwe uri kutarisana nezvinhu zvose zvinonakidza, zvinonakidza, zvinonakidza uye zvinodzidzisa zvitsva izvo Jules Verne akatsanangura. "Chitsuwa Chisinganzwisisiki" chave chakanyatsopindirana nezvakawanda zvakare, zvakarongedzwa kakawanda, uye nhaurwa dzomunhu mumwe nomumwe dziripo mune zvakawanda zvemazuva ano.

Iyo inoverengeka inogona kunzi yakarurama geographical encyclopedia, kusanganisirawo mamwe mabasa akanyorwa naJules Verne. "Ichi Chitsuwa Chisinganzwisisiki" - firimu yakarongedzwa muna 1902 - ndiyo yekuedza kwekutanga kuongorora chinyorwa chisingaverengeki chezvinyorwa zvenyika. Zvadaro, mafirimu akafutirwa kakawanda. Inofadza ndiyo sangano reSpain, Italy neFrance muna 1973 "The Mysterious Island of Captain Nemo." Nzira yakanakisisa yezuva ranhasi inofungidzirwa se "Rwendo 2: Chivako Chisinganzwisisiki", sequel kune "Journey to the Center of the Earth" sequel. Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvisikwa zvakanakisisa zvevarimi vane nhau inofadza uye inofadza.

Pakazara, pane mazana maviri ezvinyorwa zvemahwindo emabasa aJules Verne. Kunaka kwemunyori kunofadza kune vashandi, zvirongwa zvebhuku rake zvinomubvumira kuti apinde mumamiriro asingazivikanwi munyika dzakawanda (uye kwete pasi chete), uye ma heroes emabhuku achiri kufadza mwoyo yevashandi vose pasinei nezera.