Jules Verne: biography, zvisikwa

Jules Verne, uyo anonyanya kufarira vana nevakuru, ndiye munyori wechiFrench uyo anoonekwa sechinyorwa chezvinyorwa. Basa rake rakabatsira pakuumbwa kwesayenzi yenhema, uye zvakare rakava chikonzero chekuongorora kwezvinhu zvakasikwa. Ndeupi hupenyu hwehupenyu hwaJules Verne? Hupenyu hwake hunoratidzwa nezvakawanda zvakaitwa uye matambudziko.

Mhedzisiro yemunyori

Makore eupenyu hwehondo yedu ndeye 1828-1905. Akazvarwa pabhandi reLoire, muguta reNantes, riri pedyo nomuromo wake. Mufananidzo uri pasi apa mufananidzo weguta rino, iro rinoreva nguva yehupenyu hwomunyori wezvido kwatiri.

February 8, 1828 akauya kuna Jules Verne. Hupenyu hwake hahuna kukwana kana tisina kutaura nezvevabereki vake. Jules akaberekerwa mumhuri yemweya ainzi Pierre Verne. Murume uyu aiva nehofisi yake uye aida mwanakomana wake wedangwe kuti atevere mumakwara ake, zvinonzwisisika. Amai vemunyori weramangwana, muusikana uAllotte de la Fuy, vaibva kumhuri yekare yevashambadziri veNantes nevatengesi vemasara.

Childhood

Kubvira achiri muduku zvakaratidzwa chidzidzo chemunyori akadaro saJules Verne, pfupi pfupi. Kune vana vane makore matanhatu, maiva nemashoma mashoma ekudzidza kwakarongeka. Nokudaro, Jules Verne akaenda kumuvakidzani wake kuti awane zvidzidzo. Icho chaiva chirikadzi yeimwe mutungamiriri wenguva refu-gungwa. Apo mukomana uyu aiva nemakore 8, akapinda seminari yeStan Stanislav. Mushure maizvozvi, Jules Verne akapfuurira mberi zvidzidzo zvake kuRyceum, uko akawana dzidzo yechikoro. Akadzidza chiLatin nemitauro yechiGiriki, geography, rhetoric, uye akadzidza kuimba.

Panoti Jules Verne akadzidza sei mutongi (pfupi biography)

Chikoro chechina chechikoro ndiyo nguva yatinotanga kuziva nayo basa romunyori uyu. Nokuda kwekuverenga kune dzimwe nguva panguva ino, inoveli yake "Fifteen Captain" inokurudzirwa. Zvisinei, nhoroondo yeJules Verne kuchikoro, kana ikapfuura, yakanyanyisa. Nokudaro, takasarudza kutaura zvakadzama pamusoro pake, kunyanya, pamusoro pekuti munyori weramangwana akadzidza sei mutemo.

Dhigirii yechikoro yakagamuchirwa muna 1846 naJules Verne. Nhoroondo yemakore ake maduku inoratidzwa nechikonzero chokuti aifanira kugara achidzivisa kuedza kwababa vake kumuita gweta. Mukumanikidzwa kwake kwakasimba, Jules Verne akamanikidzwa kudzidza zvinyorwa zvemutemo munharaunda yake. Muna April 1847, hero yedu yakasarudza kuenda kuParis. Pano akapedza miedzo yakakodzera yegore rokutanga rekudzidziswa, ndokubva adzokera kuNantes.

Ikutanga mitambo, kupfuurira kwekudzidziswa

Jules Verne akakwezva zvikuru mharaunda, iyo yaakanyora 2 mitambo - "Powder plot" uye "Alexander VI". Vakapiwa munharaunda yakamanikana yevanoziva. Verne ainyatsoziva kuti iyo yemitambo inonyanya kuParis. Anotarisira, kunyange zvazvo pasina kuoma, kuwana mvumo kubva kuna baba vake kuti vaende kuguta guru kuti varambe vachidzidza. Ichi chiitiko chinofadza cheVerna chinoitika munaNovember 1848.

Nguva dzakaoma dzeJules Verne

Zvisinei, dambudziko guru rakanga riri pamberi pomunyori akadaro saJules Verne. Bhuku shomanana rehupenyu rake rinoratidzwa nekushingaira kukuru kuratidzwa mukupesana navo. Baba vakabvumira mwanakomana wavo kuti arambe achidzidza iye oga munharaunda yemutemo. Mushure mekunge apedza chikoro cheChikoro cheMutemo muParis uye akagamuchira diploma, Jules Verne haana kudzokera kumutemo webaba vake. Chinonyanya kumunyengera kwaari chaiva netariro yebasa mubasa remitambo nemabhuku. Akasarudza kugara muParis uye nekushingaira kwakagadzirirwa kushanda munzira yaakanga asarudza. Kushivirira hakuna kutyora kunyange hupenyu hwaive nenzara hwaifanira kutungamirirwa, sezvo baba vake vakaramba kumubatsira. Jules Verne akatanga kugadzira vaudeville, comedy, freetto yemarudzi akasiyana-siyana emakambani, madhimas, kunyange zvazvo aisagona kutengeswa.

Panguva ino aigara neshamwari muimba yepamusoro. Vose vavo vaiva varombo zvikuru. Munyori akamanikidzwa kuvharudzwa kwemakore anoverengeka nekuwana pangozi yekuwana. Ihofisi yake muhofisi yechereary haina kushanda, sezvo yakasiya nguva shomanana yemabasa ekunyora. Haana kurega somubatiki mubhandi reJules Verne. Nhoroondo shomanana yaiye munguva ino yakaoma inoratidzirwa nekudzidzisa, kupa dzimwe nzira. Jules Verne akadzidzisa vadzidzi vemutemo.

Kushanyira kuraibhurari

Gamba redu rakange riine chidharo chekushanyira National Library. Pano akanzwa kumakwikwi esayenzi uye hurukuro. Akaunza vafambi nevadzidzisi. Jules Verne akazoziva geography, kufamba, nyanzvi, zviwanikwa zvezesayenzi. Akanyora mashoko kubva mumabhuku anomufarira, pakutanga haafungi kunyatsofungidzira zvaangada kwaari.

Shanda mumutambo wemitambo, mabasa matsva

Pashure penguva yakati, muna 1851, hero yedu yakagara muLyrical Theatre, yakanga ichangobva kuvhura. Mariri akatanga kushanda semunyori Jules Verne. Iyo biography, zvisikwa uye zvinhu zvinonakidza pamusoro pake zvemakore anotevera zvinofanira kuiswa zvakadzama.

Jules Verne akatanga kunyora mumagazini inonzi "Muse de deux". Mugore rino, 1851, nyaya dzekutanga dzeJules Verne dzakabudiswa mumagazini ino. Aya ndiwo "Ngarava dzekutanga dzezvikepe zveMexico", akazotumidzwa zvakare kuti "Drama kuMexico"; Uyewo "Rwendo muBalloon" (rimwe zita rebasa iri "Drama muMhepo").

Kuziva na A. Dumas uye V. Hugo, Kuroorana

Jules Verne, paakanga achiri munyori webhuku, akasangana naAlexander Dumas, uyo akatanga kumutsigira; Kufanana naVa Victor Hugo. Zvinokwanisika kuti yaiva Dumas uyo akaratidza kuti shamwari yake iongorore pamusoro penyaya yekufamba. Verne yakashandurwa nechido chekutsanangura nyika yose - zvirimwa, mhuka, zvisikwa, tsika uye vanhu. Akasarudza kubatanidza unyanzvi nesayenzi, uyewo akaisa vanhu vake vasati vasati vambove nemazano ake.

Verne munaJanuary 1857 akaroora chirikadzi ainzi Honorin de Vian (zita raMorel Morel). Nenguva yekuroora kwake, musikana uyu aiva nemakore makumi maviri nemaviri.

Nhamba yekutanga

Mushure mechinguva, Jules Vern akasarudza kuputsa nemitambo. Nhamba yake yekutanga yakanzi "Mavhiki mashanu muBalloon" yaakapedza muna 1862, Dumas akarayira kugadzirisa basa iri kuna Etzel, muparidzi we Journal of Education and Entertainment, yakagadzirirwa vechizvarwa. Nhoroondo yake pamusoro penzvimbo dzakasvibirira dzekudenga dzakawanikwa dzakaongororwa uye dzakabudiswa mangwanani anotevera. Etzel akagumisa kambani yenguva yakareba nebudiriro yakabudirira-Jules Verne aifanira kugadzira 2 mavhesi pagore.

Novels naJules Verne

Kungofanana nekugadzirira nguva yakarashika, munyori anotanga kuumba mabasa mazhinji, rimwe nerimwe rairo rakakosha. Muna 1864, "Rwendo kuenda kuCentral of the Earth" rinowanikwa, gore rakatevera - "Kubva Pasi Pano kusvika Mwedzi" uye "Rwendo rwaKapiteni Hatteras", uye muna 1870 - "Pasi pemwedzi". Mune mabasa aya, Jules Verne yakabatanidza matambudziko mana makuru ayo panguva iyoyo akabata nyika yakadzidza: kukundwa kwechibvumirano, kutungamirirwa aeronautics, ndege dzinopfuura kwekukura kwenyika uye zvipfeko zvepasi.

"Vana veKapiteni Grant" - nhavhi yechishanu yeVern, yakabuda muna 1868. Mushure mokunge abudise bhuku, munyori akasarudza kuunganidza mabhuku ose akanyorwa uye ane mimba mune rimwe rutsva, raakadana kuti "Extraordinary Travels". Uye inozivo Verna "Vana veKapiteni Grant" munyori akasarudza kuita bhuku rekutanga rekutonga. Yakaisanganisira, kunze kwake, mabasa anotevera: 1870 "Makumi Makumi makumi maviri eLeagues pasi peGungwa" uye yakagadzirwa muna 1875 "The Mysterious Island". Pathos yeva heroes kubatanidza iyi trilogy. Havasi vafambi chete, asiwo vanorwisana nemarudzi akasiyana-siyana okusaruramisira, ukoloniyasi, rusarura, kutengeswa kwevaranda. Kuonekwa kwemabasa aya ose kwakamuunza mukurumbira wenyika. Vakawanda vakava nehanya nehupenyu hweJules Verne. MuchiRussia, muchiGerman nemimwe mitauro yakawanda, mabhuku ake akatanga kuonekwa mushure mechinguva.

Upenyu muAmiens

Jules Verne akabva kuParis muna 1872 uye haana kuzodzoka ikoko. Akatamira kuAmiens, taundi duku repurovhinzi. Yese biography yaJules Verne kubva panguva ino inosvika shoko rokuti "basa".

Yakanyorwa muna 1872, inoverengeka yemunyori uyu "Munyika yose mumazuva makumi masere" yakakonzera kubudirira kunoshamisa. Muna 1878, akabudisa bhuku rakanzi "Mutungamiri wemakore gumi nemashanu," iyo yaipikisa pamusoro pekusarura kwemarudzi. Iri basa rakave rakakurumbira zvikuru kumakondinendi ose. Mutsva yake inotevera, kurondedzera pamusoro pehondo yehurumende muAmerica muma1960, akaenderera mberi uyu musoro. Bhuku iri rinonzi "North ne South". Yakabudiswa muna 1887.

Pakupedzisira, Jules Verne akasika nhavhiti 66, kusanganisira isina kupera, yakabudiswa mukunopera kwezana remakore rechi20. Mukuwedzera, peni yake inosanganisira zvinopfuura 20 nhau uye inovhura, zvinopfuura 30 inotamba, uyewo masayenzi akawanda uye mabhuku ezvinyorwa.

Makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu

Jules Verne March 9, 1886, akakuvadzwa mumakumbo neGaston Verne, muzukuru wake. Akamupfura kubva kumukiradzi. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti Gaston Vern akanga achirwara mupfungwa. Mushure mezviitiko izvi, munyori aifanira kukanganwa nezvekufamba zvakanaka.

Muna 1892, hero yedu yakagamuchira mubayiro wakakodzera - Mutemo weLegion of Honor. Jules nguva shomanana asati afa akafa, asi akaramba achiumba mabasa, achivarayira. Musi waMarch 24, 1905, Jules Verne akafa nechirwere cheshuga. Nhoroondo yevana nevakuru yakataurwa munyaya ino, tinotarisira, yakakonzera kufarira mubasa rake.