Keriya ndege "Midway": huru maitiro, zvombo. US vatakuri

Ndege vatakuri - zvikepe rakaisvonaka kuti zvinomiririra simba nevarwi vehurumende. Midway - mutakuri ndege, raiva panhengo muchiuto uye US Navy kwemakore 47. The chikepe vakashumira flawlessly uye America muchirongwa Vietnam kunetsana. Muna 1992, akasiya US Navy inotakura nezvikepe, uye akarega kuti chikepe miziyamu mumakore mashanu. Nhasi tine tikanyatsoongorora ichi zvikuru chikepe, nhoroondo yacho, mudziyo, zvombo uye vazhinji nevamwe dzinonakidza chokwadi.

History chokusika

On rokuvaka boka itsva zvikepe US Navy akaendesa rengarava mumatauriro kwa1941, mushure Japanese kurwisa Pearl Harbor ,. Kwekanguva, US hurumende uye zvikepe Kutarisira vasingagoni kusvika tabvumirana itsva mhando ngarava. Franklin Roosevelt pamwe Admiral Ernest King aidavira kuti aifanira kuvaka maduku vatakuri ndege. Zvichakadai, Admiral Chester Nimitz vakasimbirira kuvakwa vatakuri ndege ine misha vanenge 45 000 matani. Pakupedzisira, Nimitz akakwanisa basa vagutsikane, uye muna December 1942, Roosevelt mvumo chirongwa kuvaka vatakuri maviri ndege ine misha kuti pfuurei 40 000 matani.

Muna October 1943, pedyo kuti Virginia dzateyiwa keriya ndege CV-41. kuvaka Its rwakatora 17 mwedzi. Muna March 1945, yakatarwa nezvekutanga itsva inotakura ndege, vaizotibata kwazvo US Naval rengarava.

vamutangira

Pamberi mutakuri ndege "Midway", kupfuura vazhinji uye simba American vatakuri ndege akanga kirasi "zimbabwe" ngarava. "Midway" vakagamuchira kwavari zvimwe: yacho kuchengetedza zano, uyewo marongerwo Ndege elevators uye "zviwi". Panyaya kwokunze kusiyana, chinonyanya kukosha vavo akava chimbini huru uye nokuveza, wakange asiri "hama guru".

patani

The yokunyora nokudhirowa chokutanga inorema inotakura ndege, izvo kamwe aifanira yokutsiva "zimbabwe", yakagadzirwa muna 1940. The budiriro rakanga chipatapata, pasinei nokuti kusvikira 1942 tarisiro kuvaka hofori chikepe pakanga pane kujeka. Kukura pabasa iri kunetseka kwazvo nezvakaitika Hondo Yenyika II. The nharo hwakasimba achitsigira kuwedzera chikepe kuchengetedza aiva chikepe rufu "Kubwinya" uye hondo Midway (saka zita mutakuri).

Sezvo simba ngarava itsva zvakawanda pevane vamutangira, akauya aine rinokosha kupatsanura nokuti. keriya ndege basa Kirasi CV-B, izvo kusvikira 1952, uchigere akazviratidza zvikuru ano vatakuri aircraft United States, izvo zvakazoita kuti kudiwa kupatsanura itsva.

kuvaka

Kuvaka mutakuri ndege "Midway", vane kukura anopfuura yakasimba, mumazuva iwayo zvakanga zvisiri nyore kunyange nokuda dzakabudirira rudzi akafanana America. Zvinonzi zvakanakisisa wakanyatsokodzera nokuda kuvaka akaoma nechiteshi chengarava, raiva ipapo diki chaizvo. Asi sezvineiwo, nenguva kusaina pakati vanodhirowa kuti chirongwa inorema keriya ndege kuti kwokumbosiya pamusoro kwakavakirwa, izvo haana kutora isa kuvakwa battleships "Montana."

keriya ndege pamwe indekisi CVB-41 paakatumwa rakakura shipbuilding kambani Newport News Shipbuilding. Sezvineiwo, zita "Midway," chikepe rakapiwa chete mumatsutso 1944. Vakanga vanaye vaiva mukirasi mumwechete zita mamwe midziyo miviri, "Franklin D. Roosevelt" keriya ndege "Koral Si". The gamba edu kukurukura yakanga yagadzirira muna 23 mwedzi pashure bogmærke. keriya ndege "Midway", wakareba zvakangofanana 295 metres, akazova American kubudirira. Panguva iyoyo aionekwa asina chete simba kupfuura muhondo Unit, vakagadzirira kushanda chero mamiriro, uye noumhizha kwechokwadi. Ndiyo nguva yokuti vadzidze, saka kuti mutakuri ndege "Midway" chakabereka kuremekedza zvikuru.

kudzivirira

keriya Reservation zvaisanganisira dzokurwa bhandi uye nhatu warrior shop. Uyezve, kwaiva bhuku dzimwe nzvimbo vemo. Flight uriri akadzivirirwa 87-mm dzokurwa rukoko. Kuwedzera chinjikira, ngarava yakanga akatakura hwakasimba chaizvo wehunyambiri kudzivirirwa. Mutakuri ndege akanga akashongedzerwa ane warrior bhandi 193 neMM, kuti hazvizombofi kuitika zvakare munguva zvikepe mukirasi iyi. Asi pano pane vamwe nuances. Paivakwa runoshamisa preponderance ari mudziyo kurudyi yave kuona, saka 193-millimeter dzokurwa akachengetedzwa chete kurutivi rworudyi. Kurutivi rworuboshwe zvakanzi wakaderedzwa kusvika 178 mm uye zvakanaka akatema pasi anosvika 76 mm.

Panyaya pamusoro huru dzokurwa bhandi, hapana yakavimbika mashoko. Mune imwe shanduro, zvombo Ukobvu 50 neMM, uye pane dzimwe - chete 30-paundi sheathing. The bhandi yapera muna munhare traverznyh kuburikidza 160-mm bulkheads. bhokisi gozvo giya akadzivirirwa dzokurwa: panhivi - 193 mm; kumberi uye neshure - 160mm, musoro - 127 neMM, uye pasi - 63 mm. The conning neshongwe yakanga yakafukidzwa 165-mm dzokurwa panhivi uye 87 mm - pamusoro. Cables huru kuzvidzora hurongwa dzave akanyudzwa nenyere 102 mm mu ukobvu.

uchityaira waivako

The propulsion Tsika chikepe chaiva injini zvina turbozubchatyh "Westinghouse", vakanga chokuita gumi coppers "Babcock Wilcox End." Motors actuated mana 5.5-mita fungal sikuruwa ari kutenderera nokumhanya 200 RPM. zviuru 10 matani mafuta chikepe Wasarirwa 15 zviuru zvemakiromita. Kana afunge akaronga kuti yakaderera mafuta kuparadzwa, asi zvombo zadzisa vakauya pamusoro kuchinja. The boilers vakanga kuoneke uye aft zvikamu mutakuri, mune risingapindi mvura nezvikamu. Power chirimwa yaigarwa anokwana 26 nezvikamu. Kudivi rimwe, izvozvo anowedzera simba raro, uye pane dzimwe - basa kwakaoma. Hereinafter zano kwakadaro asina kuiswa maonero yakaoma yokuzvigadzirisa.

keriya nokukurumidza yakanga 33 nokusunungura mapfundo, iyo panguva iyoyo yaiva chete rakaisvonaka chakarurama kunyange tichienzanisa zvishoma kunopindirana mudziyo. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti chikepe, uyewo vamiririri "zimbabwe" Kirasi zvakanaka-akachengeta tichimhanya. Uchapupu izvi rwemakiromita 4452 rwendo, yaakaita panguva neavhareji kumhanya 32,5 nokusunungura mapfundo.

ebetsero midziyo

Huru avhiyesheni hwokugadzira midziyo miviri catapults mudziyo simbi, nhatu anosimudza uye finishers shoma. Saizvozvowo isu vakagadzirira pamwe azvino (panguva, Chokwadi) shanduro "zimbabwe". Mukuwedzera, mutakuri ndege "Midway" vakapakata marongedzero refueling uye SERVICING zvombo ndege. Catapult H-Mk-IV-1 kuburikidza elongated njanji yakabatanidzwa Ndege kumhanya 145 km / h. Kuti reload kuti catapult anopedza mumasekonzi 60 chete. Kana aviafinisherov, vakarega 13.5-savi ndege ichibhururuka ari kumhanya 90 mamaira / awa. Two Ndege elevators kukura 16.5 / 14 M uye akatakura kukwanisa matani 12 akaisa nechepamusoro. Onboard kusimudza atova makubhiti mana uye akaisa matani 8.

Vehicle Power zvaisanganisira 8 turbogenerators AC simba 1250 KW nerimwe. Mains voltage iri 440 V. emagetsi kuiswa mune risingapindi mvura nezvikamu yakabatana rwemberi bhaira mupanda. Mukuwedzera, peya voga nezvikamu papi nechimbichimbi Diesel emagetsi pamwe zvachose inokwana 2850 KW. Somugumisiro, zvachose anokwanisa mutakuri ndege kwasvika mukurumbira mukuru - 12 850 KW. Hangaiwa desalination zvinomera kupa zvizere chikepe nemvura bhaira mudzimba zvinodiwa.

habitability

keriya ndege vashandi zvaisanganisira chikepe asiwo avhiyesheni mudonzvo. Maererano zvirongwa muna 1943, nhamba vashandi aifanira kuita 3443 munhu. Izvi, 2112 (2006 vezvikepe uye navatariri 106) vaiva muchikepe, uye 1331 vanhu - kuti avhiyesheni vashandi. Mukuwedzera, unonzi 140 negadziriro yeparutivi nzvimbo, kana mudziyo achava flagship. Maererano chirongwa ngarava yakanga yakagadzirirwa kunyange zvakawanda nzvimbo kudzivisa yokuwandisa. Zvisinei, nokuda 1947 vashandi akanga atova vanhu 4100, vane mararamiro akasiya zvakawanda anodikamwa. Zvisinei, yokuwandisa panguva akatambura zvose US vatakuri.

nezvombo

Ngarava yakanga vakagadzirira pamwe simba kupfuura pfuti nokusingaperi kushandiswa pamusoro zvikepe ndege-akatakura. Pakati pavo paiva 18 pfuti 127 caliber, 21 - 40 uye 28 - rechi20. Vatakuri akadai "Midway" yakasiyana chaizvo aizotangira tichitarisa pamusoro-soro maoko. Panzvimbo 127-millimeter pfuti vane dhiramu kureba 38 calibres, mudziyo mutsva akapiwa 127-mm kanoni MK-16. Vakanga dzakabudirira kuti yehondo "Montana", uyo kuvaka haana kutora nzvimbo. Pfuti wakaiswa kuti rimwe shongwe chokugadza akanga anoyevedza unongotaura. keriya ndege "Midway" ndiye chete chikepe akagamuchira MK-16 pfuti. Gare gare vakanga yakaiswa pamusoro Japanese vaparadzi "Murasame", asi yaiva pfuti yatorwa "Midway" mukufamba mazuvaano ari 50s.

Nokuti pedo kuzvidzivirira mudziyo iri akashongedzerwa chetyrehstvolnymi "Bofors" rechi40 uye chimwe dhiramu "Oerlikon" 20-caliber. Panguva kupinda wengarava gunnery US Army kushandisa rimwe-inotakura yaiva 18 uye 21 chetyrehstvolnuyu installation.

mhepo boka

Kubvira muna 1945, mutakuri ndege akatakura varwi Chance Vought F4U Corsair. Makore maviri gare gare mubhazi akamuka vanodzima Grumman F8F Bearcat uye Grumman F8F Bearcat. Mumakore kuma60 mungarava akazviratidza jets Grumman F9F Panther. Muna 1956 basa rayo mukati keriya ndege kwakadaro vakatanga: F3H Demon, Vought F-8 Crusader, Douglas A-3 uye 4 Douglas A-Skyhawk. Rokupedzisira muna 1970, akatsiviwa pamusoro A-7 Corsair II.

Muna 1965, zvose ne varwi itsva - McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II. Muna 1986, vakatsiviwa ndege F / A-18 mago. Kumavambo 70 onboard refueling kwematangi ndokupinda bhomba Grumman A-6 mupasa. Mune mutakuri ndege zvakare semupi neherikoputa SH-2 Seasprite, yaishandiswa zvikurukuru kwerunyararo ngarava uye nhumbi pakusununguka. Akashanda munzvimbo zvakanga zvisingaiti kuti Dock kuna chengarava. Muna nhasi, zvose Air Group ndiyo chikamu yendege chokupfeka.

radars

Midway keriya ndege radar midziyo haana kusiyana kubva "zimbabwe" michina. Raisanganisira maviri radar dzemapurisa kuziva mhepo huru, radars maviri kuziva pamusoro huru, rimwe radar altimeter uye vakawanda nhepfenyuro kuti kudzora moto.

mazuvaano

Ngarava kakawanda akanatswa. Wokutanga mazuvaano kwakaitika muna 1955. Chinangwa chacho chaiva kuwedzera mutakuri dzoupenyu uye kuwedzera mano ayo. Magadzirirwo chikepe vakagamuchira wandei kuchinja. The zvihombe ndiwo:

1. Runway muAtlantic pa 8 madhigirii hama kuti longitudinal akabatana uyo akaendesa. Nemhaka iyi duku chakagadziridzwa vane mukana kuita mawa kumhara uye kutora kure ngarava.
2. vakura pane vaviri chiutsi catapults mudziyo akashongedzerwa vatatu mamwe simba.
3. nokusimbaradza ari braking hurongwa dzakabudiswa. Kuwanda akaputsa netambo ipfupi.
4. uriri elevators akatamira, kuwedzera kugona kwavo.
5. "Island" riri yekudyidzana upgraded uye vakagadzirira pamwe zvinoverengeka michina mitsva.
6. Ngarava akapiwa "uuraye mhino." Itsva
7. Number atirari airarama 8.
8. Air vharafu chikatsiviwa mutsva - kupfuura simba.
9. Bhuku ndege chinotsva Matangi yakawedzera.
10. The waterline dzokurwa bhandi namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara.

Zvose izvi zvakaita kuti chokwadi kuti ngarava yacho yakawedzera kusvika 62 zviuru matani.

Mukupera 1966, shanduro mutakuri ndege "Midway", iro rakava kupfuura munhoroondo Comprehensive mazuvaano chikepe wechipiri. Migumisiro update vari:

1. Kutamiswa anosimudza dzakakwirira rokutakura vanokwanisa.
2. The kwakaderedza nhamba aiwanzopiwa wokushanda catapult - maviri.
3. Enhanced braking hurongwa.
4. Doubling nzvimbo ndege achipfeka.
5. Mazuvaano of "chitsuwa".

With kwokugadziridza izvi chikepe akaramba basa kusvikira 90s. Mazuvaano bhajeti yaiva mamiriyoni 202 emadhora.

hofisi

Muna February 1946, ngarava yaiva flagship rokutanga akaendesa ndege nokupesana. Muna March gore rino, mutakuri ndege kwakaedzwa unyanzvi uye midziyo yakagadzirirwa utsinye kuchitonhora. Mukutanga kwematsutso, ngarava akaita kushanda "V-2" zvombo.

Chinonetsa muedzo "Midway" keriya ndege akanga Frostbite oparesheni, raisanganisira pakugadzirira zvigadzirwa basa iri Far North.

Muzhizha ra1951 yaaishandira mungarava ndege kutapurirana nemiedzo F9F-5 muAtlantic Ocean. Gore rakatevera, "Midway" akatora mugove anofambisa pamwe NATO mauto. Muna 1954, ngarava akaita anenge circumnavigation, kuguma pfungwa yaiva chitsuwa muTaiwan. Hezvinoi, sezvo chikamu US Wechinomwe Fleet, aiva nechepasi kuti ndege, kufukidza kubvisa chacho panguva yokutanga Taiwanese dambudziko.

Muna March 1965, mutakuri ndege ndege vakarwisa nangananga zvechiuto muna North uye South Vietnam. In yose, panguva Vietnam War aviators "Midway" kupfurwa pasi ndege masere. Muna 1971, pashure upgrading, ngarava ndikadzokerazve Vietnam, kwaakanotanga mined ndege anouya omunharaunda zvengarava. Pakupedzisira, zvemashoko Vietnamese akaendesa vakagamuchira mubayiro kubva purezidhendi America.

Muna 1975, ngarava akatora chikamu mukushanda "mhepo Intermittent." April 29 Byong-Lý - Air Force Major South Vietnam - anobviswa imwe mhuri iri ndege Cessna O-1. Takananga kugungwa, ndege akasangana mutakuri ndege "Midway". Mushure kuedza anoverengeka, chikepe akagadza kutaurirana chete ndege. Last ndakabvunza pamusoro kumhara. Kuitira kuti kutora nzvimbo, vashandi vemo vaifanira kusunungura kutiza nechepamusoro ndege. Vamwe vavo kunyange kwakadonha mumvura. Ndege yakawira zvakanaka pamusoro uriri, uye mukuru akarumbidza pachake vezvikepe nokuda professionalism kwavo uye ushingi. Kwakadonha vakapinda midziyo mvura zvakaurayisa US Navy kuti $ 10 miriyoni. The vashandi uyo akaendesa ndege akanga zvikuru nezvakaitika Vietnamese makuru chiito kuti kunyange yakamubatsira kuwana basa riri nemasango, nemavhinga of America.

In "Midway" ari 80 pamwe chete neboka revamwe matare kakawanda dzaunzwa kuti kuratidzwa US vemauto remapazi hanya kurutivi North Korea. In March 1981 helicopters maviri kungova kutiza ane boka inotakura ndege, akanunura vanhu 17 vakatambura nokuda pakugumburwa risiri neherikoputa. Sam neherikoputa yakanga makamutswawo nechepamusoro.

Muna June 1990, pane chiitiko chinorwadza chakaitika muchikepe mutakuri ndege. Ngarava yakanga Kuputika maviri, izvo zvakazoita moto aitambudza kwemaawa anenge 10. Somugumisiro, kuuraya nhengo mbiri vashandi, uye imwe 9 vakakuvadzwa. Chiitiko chacho chakanga chafukidzwa vanopfuura zana venhau dzakawanda. Media akaita kuti chiitiko dambudziko guru, rakanga vaidavira kuti chikepe ipapo retires.

In 1989-1991. mudziyo yave kuita ruvengo pamusoro Iraq, kunyanya mukushanda "Desert Storm". Muna June 1991, zvakavabatsira vanhu Philippines sei kuputika kweGomo rePinatubo.

Kutendeuka kuva miziyamu

Muna 1992, ngarava akaiswa chengetedza. Kusvikira 1998, yaiva womutariri kwemaonerwo Bremerton Washington. Muna September 2003, mutakuri ndege akatanga okupedzisira rwendo rwake. Mugumo pfungwa nenzira yaiva Broadway Pier mu Downtown San Diego, apo chikepe ikava miziyamu. Kuvhurwa kwakaitika June 7, 2004. Panguva yacho gore nokushanda miziyamu wokutanga akashanyirwa vanopfuura zviuru 870 vanhu, riri kumusoro kaviri kupfuura zvomurayiro chirongwa vatungamiri.

Nokuti refu saka basa chikepe yakagamuchira dzakawanda mibayiro. Chief pakati pavo aiva purezidhendi nechigumbuso kuonga. Paivawo mibayiro kwavo mubasa Vietnamese muchiuto akavhiyiwa kuti asunungure Kuwait, uye mamwe mashandiro. Vamwe mibayiro vanofanira kupiwa zvinopfuura kamwe.

mhedziso

keriya ndege "Midway", hunhu izvo takawongorora nhasi, razova imwe yakakurumbira zvikepe US Navy. Iye, kune rumwe rutivi, chinokushamisa noukuru kwayo uye kunoratidza simba ano rehondo ano, uye pane dzimwe - anotiyeuchidza pamusoro kusava nomusoro hondo. War - nyadzi zvose vanhu. Zvingava nani zvikuru kana mabhiriyoni emadhora paakapiwa kwete zvehondo, uye kupinda chinhu zvikuru.