Konstantinov muchinjikwa: ukoshi photos

tsika Chero echitendero tinoberekwa pachako yakatarwa kwayo zviratidzo zvokunamata. Vanogona kutamba vaviri basa muchiso Logos, uye kutakura yakadzika sacral-mysterial pfungwa. Hakuna anosiiwa mutemo uyu uye chiKristu. Nokuti zvose kusavimba kwake (mu chechiJudha iyezvino) kuti dzakasiyana-siyana esoteric Chirevo uye kwakasimbiswa pachake, dzimwe nguva dzemaoresa uye multi-faceted vatambi vavo. Mumwe zviratidzo, kureva vanonzi pamuchinjikwa Constantine, uye ichakurukurwa munyaya ino.

The ngano matangiro vemuchinjikwa Constantine

Kutaura zvazviri, chiratidzo - kwete muchinjikwa. Zvakanaka kunzi monogram - chiratidzo rakaumbwa mabhii akawanda, kuratidza mufananidzo chaiwo hunhu dzidziso dzechitendero - Jesu Kristu. Maererano netsika dzechiKristu, muchinjikwa Konstantinov airidza chaizvo basa rinokosha munhoroondo yechechi. In simba uye kukosha zviri wechipiri chete pamuchinjikwa dzose.

Sei zvichikosha kuti vaKristu? Mhinduro yomubvunzo uyu kunopiwa zvinotevera ngano: panguva mambakwedza yechikristu, mukuvamba remakore rechina, Umambo hweRoma paiva kunetsana pakati maviri vakuru vakuru vehurumende - Maxentius uye Constantine. kukakavara Zvakaguma hondo inozivikanwa Hondo Milvian Bridge (312 gore). Pausiku hondo Kesari Constantine "By ichi chiratidzo hwaizoikunda" wakazviratidza mudenga zvakananga chiratidzo, vakatevera nemashoko. Rakafuridzirwa inoshamisa chakajairika, Constantine akarayira zvichiberekana chiratidzo nhoo masoja, uye kuiisa labarum - hondo Imperial mureza.

Kutaura zvazviri, yakahwina kuondomoka kukunda pakurwa, Constantine akaita chiratidzo hwaro pachavo kudhinda uye chiratidzo ehurumende. Saka akava nokutenda nechomukati kwechiKristu nyanzvi. Kunyange kwenguva refu akaramba kubhabhatidzwa, kuti adzorere simba rake, achaita nokusingaperi kumisa kutambudzwa uye kushungurudzwa vaKristu muUmambo hweRoma. This Konstantinov MUCHINJIKWA aripo hristogrammoy, rinoshandiswa mumakereke. mamwe zita rayo - chrism.

Zvinoratidza ngano nhoroondo chokwadi kana kwete, asi rinojekesa nei vaKristu saka ndaviga uye saka vanoonga chiratidzo ichi. Akashandura kosi munhau, tichigumisa Kesari - muprista yechihedheni mukuru - kurutivi vaKristu, zvokuti duku yeboka vateveri vaJesu akatanga vakawanda rechitendero munyika.

Wokutanga kutaurwa hristogrammy

Chokutanga aizivikanwa musi mashoko, iro rinoreva muchinjikwa Konstantina Velikogo - akunoita dzakaitika chechi Lactantius (320 gore). It reproduces pamusoro apa shanduro zviitiko pamwechete kuwedzera kuti Chiitiko Akaperekedzwa inzwi dzainzwika Greek Latin akanyorwa.

Mumwe wezvenhau Church, uye kunze, uye munhu wenhoroondo dzoupenyu kuti Constantine - Eusebius, Bhishopi Neo-Kesariya, panguva dzakasiyana, yakashuma shanduro mbiri mavambo hristogrammy. Maererano yapfuura, raiva ramangwana Emperor vasati 312, paakanga ari Gaul. Zvisinei, iye gare gare anosiya Shanduro iyi, subordinating nokurondedzera mureza mafungiro. Zvisinei, iye, kureva private dzaiita mushumo mambo pachake, akati yaiva chiratidzo kudzikatidzwa zuva uye pamwe Konstantin chiseko akatarisa vose varwi zviuru makumi mana.

Chechitatu bhuku rinongova uchapupu mumwe varwi vakatora chikamu muhondo yacho zambuko uye Mulviyskogo nameso ndakatarira musi Konstantinov kuyambuka denga. zita rake - Artemije uye nyaya yake iri rinopiwa pasi nokufumura mambo Yuliana Otstupnika, uyo, sezvo chikazozikamwa, zvasiya chiKristu, akasarudza ndimutsidzire yechihedheni masangano hweRoma. Ivo Artemije uye akaurayiwa.

Origin hristogrammy

Nhoroondo tsvakurudzo kunoratidza kuti chrism ndiye mavambo chiKristu uye vanogona kunge chikwereti uye chakatorwa nevatungamiriri vechechi nokuda kwezvikonzero zviviri:

1. Nokuti vaKristu kare kurambidzwa, vakamanikidzwa kuti vanyengere uye kushandisa zvakajairika dzechihedheni zviratidzo, achizadza navo yayo kugutsikana. Saizvozvowo vaKristu vaiva nevakawanda mufananidzo Orpheus, Helios uye vamwe vamwari. A Konstantinov zvakananga kuyambuka - zviri kunge kujairana rezuva chiratidzo yekare vaKaradhea.

2. Shoko rechiGiriki rokuti "Chrestos", zvichireva kuti "auspicious", zvingashandawo inomirirwa yakanyatsotsanangura netsamba maviri okutanga. Nokuda unhu ichi nyore wechiKristu ari madenderedzwa wevateveri vaJesu, uyo akamupa rinoreva "Kristu".

Zvisinei, kunyange dokonstantinovskie nguva kune marudzi akawanda monograms vechiKristu vavo vechihedheni pre-mifananidzo.

Kugovera chrism

hristogramma asati chakazozivikanwa se pamuchinjiko Saint Constantine, yaishandiswa kunyanya mumunda yechiKristu. Mienzaniso mukuru pauri vanowanikwa catacombs - pachivande makuva, vari nhengo dzechechi raishandiswa sezvo nzvimbo musangano uye oushumiri. zviratidzo zvakafanana vakauya kwatiri kwevafi monument uye vaKristu sarcophagi.

Mushure kunyoreswa zviri pamutemo hunhu ichi chakatanga kushandiswa sechiratidzo rechitendero mutemberi ichangovakwa. Ukuwo, akashanda ive chinhu yokushongedzwa uye kushongedzwa - vava yakashongedzwa mbiya, nemwenje, mabhokisi zvishongo nezvimwe midziyo chechi. In rokunyika yeChina, sezvo yave akati, hristogramma aiva mamiriro chisimbiso Constantine pachake uye vamwe vatsivi vake, uyewo mukuru chiratidzo vemauto Labarum, kutsiva zvetsika nzvimbo gondo Roman.

monogram ιχ

Uyezve, hristogramma, nemaziso rakafanana tsamba yeRussia "F", rakashandiswa mukereke echiKristu kare muna III remakore, refu asati accession pamusoro Constantine chigaro. Pakanga pasina tsamba ρ (phedyll) - pachinzvimbo zvakanga ι (vara), izvo zvinoreva kuti "Jesu". Sezvazvakandinakira zvinogoneka kuti tsamba iyi pashure awana kwokufananidzira maonero anofudza (kureva episcopal pavaKristu) tsvimbo - tsvimbo imwe wakarukwa magumo. Ndiye akazova chokuita tsamba p.

monogram χρ

Shanduro iyi huru hunhu uye, kana ndirege kutaura kudaro, muchechi yechiKristu dzakafuridzirwa. Kuti anonzi "kwoMuchinjikwa Constantine." Photos nechipiriso pazasi paro.

On Zvinorehwa chrism

Various tiwane mapoka, zvakadai pakati muChechi yeOrthodox, uye nezvimwewo kuitika, dzakabatanidzwa kukosha romukati zvinoreva tsamba echiGiriki. Kunyange Testamende Itsva ine yakajeka anotaura gematria - kutsvaga nzira zvinorehwa chakavigwa kuburikidza kusanganiswa kukarukureta dzinoenderana mabhii pamashoko namazita. Saizvozvowo munhu anogona ongorora muchinjikwa Constantine.

Zvichireva pane wanamatira tsamba mbiri shoko "Kristu" wokutanga. Uwandu kusanganiswa tsika chaizvo 700 kuti airidza mune chaiyo nzira kunzwisisa Gnostic dzidziso. Saka, muna yekare asi zvishoma-kuzivikanwa nhasi, tsika nhamba 700 anomira ndi Kristu. Uye kana Somuenzaniso, funga tsamba nomumwe hristogrammy, tinowana zvinotevera: χ (Chi) - macrocosm zvinoreva, kuti raora wezvose. The kusanganiswa ukoshi - 100. A ι (vara), kusiyana, rinomiririra Microcosm. Its ukoshi - 10. Saka, munhu kuona chiratidzo kubatana Microcosm uye macrocosm - interconnection mugove uye wose, muduku kune mukuru. Kana yakazotevera shanduro chrism apo ι yatsiviwa ρ, chiratidzo kusikwa zvinoreva Mwari (yakafanira tsamba ρ semantics). It anotakura kukosha mauto okusika murayiro nyika, hadzi rokubereka simba.

Related vatambi

It rinoshandiswa pamwe chrism mabhii vaviri rechiGiriki arufabheti - α (Alpha) uye ω (naOmega), izvo tsamba echiGiriki arufabheti okutanga nookupedzisira, uye inoratidza mavambo uye kuguma kwenyika, uyewo zvose zvayo hwedzidziso yekurarama zvinoreva akanyudzwa mukati zvenguva tsamba. Kuvamba okufananidzira iyi chiKristu akapa Bhaibheri, asi bhuku raZvakazarurwa, umo mashoko okuti "Ndini Arufa naOmega," anoisa mumuromo waJesu Kristu.