Kuchinja mauto somunhu dzematongerwe enyika

Kwakatangira Rumhangapanga sechinhu dzematongerwe enyika dzakaiswa panguva pakuguma XVIII remakore. Izvi hazvishamisi, kana uchitarisa munhoroondo iyi tichitarisa mumagariro kukura. The Industrial Revolution, iro rakatanga anopfuura zana adarika, kwakaita kuti kuchinja kukuru mune zvoupfumi uye munzanga sangano. Pano tine mupfungwa, chokutanga, paumbwe uye kukura capitalist ukama kwakavakirwa wezvokutengeserana uye makwikwi, uye chepiri kuwedzera kunzwisisa stratification pakati vanhu vari: kwaita Mapato zvakadaro zvirimo, bourgeoisie uye nokushanda kirasi. The old feudal hurongwa kuti Kurima raiva kufa, uye narwo vakafa kukosha kwayo. Munzvimbo zvavo pfungwa itsva, akakudziridza kazhinji nevafungi dzazvino: John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Thomas Hobbes, Charles Montesquieu nevamwe.

The French Revolution uye kuchinja masimba

Chaizvoizvo, chiitiko ichi razova soro muduku echimurenga kuti nhoroondo kukura Europe. Wakatanga chinozoiswa pfungwa rechiFrench Kujekerwa of legality pamusoro yemuna vanhu pamusoro "zvakaipa" mambo. Nezvezvisikwa wechipiri pakupedzisira kurega kuva inviolable. The chimurenga akava muenzaniso ose vamwe vanhu kondinendi uye akapa pakutanga kuti paumbwe National vehurumende munzanga. Zvisinei, French Revolution zvikuru mapeji rima munhau yacho. Kutanga, zviri Robespierre kuti kutya. Mhinduro vakawanda udzvanyiriri akava nomukurumbira basa wokuEngland Edmund Burke. In ake "Kufunga pamusoro Revolution muFrance" akasimbisa pamusoro negatives uye zvinotyisa kuti zvakaunzwa dzakawanda vanhu iyoyo. Ndicho ichi turakiti uye aiva mavambo Rumhangapanga sechinhu Pfungwa kuitika, anoda kudzivisa zvisingadzorwi mafungiro liberals. Panguva XIX uye XX remakore, muchidimbu, akagamuchira vaipiwa yokungotaura hwaro yayo inokosha zvigadziko.

Pfungwa huru ndokuyerera

Chaizvoizvo, pfungwa "Rumhangapanga" rinobva muchiLatin shoko "converso" - kuchengetedza. Kuchinja mauto uye nyasha nokudenga richengetedzwe zvetsika kurongeka uye anokoshesa: magariro, enyika uye zvokunamata. Saka, mudzimai nomutemo waitsigira evanhu tsika. Izvi tsika dzenyika, uchiratidza kuzvipira kunyika, makasimbiswa emakore dzetsika, ndiro rine chokwadi pachena kufarira pamusoro oga, chiremera nzvimbo tsika masangano, zvakadai semhuri, zvikoro, machechi, ari chamazuva ose evanhu kukura (kuti, chaizvoizvo, ndiyo ndichengetedze tsika). Basa kuchinja mauto dzimwe mutemo kunosanganisira bheji pamusoro nokuumba simba mamiriro, yakavakwa pamusoro hierarchical hurongwa. Akagamuchira pokutanga kukura kweuto zvinogona kwenyika, kushandiswa simba dzakawanda ukama, ndichengetedze kare tsika mibatanidzwa protectionism dzimwe zvokutengeserana.

neoconservatism

mutsva hurongwa kuchinja mauto chose kubvuma pfungwa kudiwa kukura. Zvisinei, vari nyasha kungwaririra uye unhurried kuchinja. Mienzaniso vateveri kwakadaro mutemo inogona kushanda US President Ronald Reagan uye British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher.

Kuchinja uye non-kuchinja masimba

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Rumhangapanga ndiyo imwe yakatarwa enyika dzenzvimbo. Somuenzaniso, fascism - zviri zvakare zvikuru kuchinja kuti, kuisa pamwoyo hurumende simba noukuru. Kuchinja mupikisi anopa zvakawanda kungaitwa Rwako ose kurudyi: liberals, muchipikisana izvo uye chaicho kamwe kuchinja mauto, Soc, vaKomonisiti uye zvichingodaro.