Kugadzirisa zvinetso zvepurogiramu. Cyclic Algorithm

Iyo yakasiyana yehuwandu hwemapurogiramu anopiwa nemakombiyuta emazuva ano anowanikwa mukusava nyore uye kugoneka kwekugadzirisa zvakasiyana-siyana zvakasiyana siyana mabasa akasiyana-siyana. Nyaya dzakaoma kwazvo dzinogadziriswa nokukurumidza uye hadzidi mari yakawedzerwa yenguva nenguva nekuedza kweunyanzvi hwemugadziri. Asi kunyange kushandiswa kwezvinhu-vatsigiri vanoshanda ne creak pasina munhu anoshandisa zvidzidzo zvinozivikanwa kwatiri kubva kuchikoro chesekondari.

Kutanga kushanda chero ipi zvayo mazano ayo mumutsetse, mupurogiramu anongoda kushandura tsanangudzo yezvirongwa zvekufambira mberi kwemugadziro. Kwemakore akawanda ikozvino yatotanga mitemo uye kurongeka kwekugadzira zvigadziriswe. Mune mabhuku anokosha, shanduro iyi inopa tsanangudzo yemashoko chaiwo uye anonzwisisika kuti aite zvakanyatsorondedzerwa zvakafanana zvemabasa. Somugumisiro wekushanda kwavo, tinozadzisa chinangwa kana kusvika kumhinduro yekuita basa racho.

Izwi rokuti "algorithm" rakapiwa zita rayo panzvimbo yeAust thinker Al-Khwarizmi. Basa rake "Arithmetic treatise" rakazova nheyo yemitemo yekubata kwemasvomhu pane nhamba, uye mitemo pachayo yainzi maitiro ekushandura. Nekuwedzera, kubvisa, kupatsanurana uye kuwedzera, nhoroondo yepasi yenhepfenyuro yakatanga.

Shanduro yekushandura yakasiyana-siyana inoratidzirwa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekugadzirisa matambudziko akafanana. Izvo zvakafanana nekufamba mudenderedzwa kusvika iwe wasvika pane imwe chinangwa. Zvirongwa zvekushandiswa kwemagetsi zvinoshandiswa zvakaoma, zvinosanganisira muchokwadi chokuti kana zvisiri izvo zvakanyorwa kana kuti zvisiri izvo, kombiyuta inogona "kutengesa" kureva. Endai munoita mabasa mamwechete nhamba dzisingagumi dzenguva.

Maererano nekududzirwa kwemazuva ano, shanduro yekushandura kwemagetsi ndeyekuita kwezviito zvekare zvinodzokororwa pamusoro pekushandura dhekutanga. Nayo pachayo urongwa uhwu hunozadzika pasina humwe matambudziko. Shanduro yegoridhi inobatanidza hutano hwehutano hwegoridhe uye sargorithm ine branching.

Pasinei nekushandiswa kwekushandiswa uye kumwe kushanda kwemaitiro, maitiro akawanda emagadzirirwo aya anowanzoenderana nemhando iyi yekushandura. Shanduro yegoridhi inoshandiswa pakuita mukuita maitiro matatu emitambo yakasiyana. Nemazita avo, munhu anogona kutonga pamusoro pezvinhu zvavanoita uye rudzi rwemabasa anofanira kugadziriswa.

Purogiramu ine chirevo chekutanga inosanganisira kuongorora mamiriro ekushandiswa kwechigadziro chegoridhemu pamberi pezita rekushanda (rakagadziriswa segoridhethi inowanikwa). Purogiramu ine postcondition yakasiyana kubva kune imwe yapfuura pakuti mamiriro acho akaongororwa mushure mokunge chikamu chechimiro chiri kuzadzika. Purogiramu ine parameter inoratidzwa nekuvapo kwechimwe chiratidzo, kuwedzera kana kuderera nekushandiswa kwerongwa rwemabasa. Shanduro yegoridhi ine kambani, saka dzimwe nguva inonzi rudzi urwu rwemagetsi.

Pasinei nekunyatsoita kwekushandura rudzi urwu rwekushandura kwezvinhu zviviri muzvimwe zvikamu zvishoma zvakaoma, rimwe nerimwe remitauro yepurogiramu yezuva iri rine mirayiridzo yayo yekunyora maitiro. Zvinokwanisika kugadzira mumuviri weimwe chirongwa kubva kune imwe kusvika kune yakasiyana-siyana, zvichienderana nemamiriro echinetso chiri kugadziriswa.

Maitiro ekugadzirisa maitiro ega ivo vakave vakakurumbira zvikuru mukugadzira chirongwa. Mukuwedzera kune mapurogiramu chaiwo anoita mamwe mabasa, pane maitiro asina chinhu. Basa ravo nderokuumba mapurisa.

Izvo zvinongororwa zvinogona kusimidzwa nemitsara miviri inogamuchirwa. Semuenzaniso, mazwi aya anotevera atoita shanduro yekushandura:

- bvisa chikafu;

- kana hekecheche iri yakasviba, zvino enda kunekutanga kwekufamba.

Iwe unogona kuuya nemuenzaniso mizhinji yakafanana. Zvizhinji zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoratidzika pachedu pavanenge vachiita mabasa akajeka, kunyange kusikwa kwechikwata chepamusoro pechirongwa chekuona chinyorwa chakanaka chepurogiramu dzemazuva ano. Mavara, mabasa anonzwisisika, maitiro makuru uye anofadza haagoni kuita kunze kwekushandisa zvakakosha zvekushandura kwemagetsi.