Kugara polyhedra zvakasikwa

Chii chaizoitika kana paiva chete mhando imwe chimiro, zvakadai somunhu chimiro, sezvinoita rectangle munyika? Zvimwe zvinhu handishanduki pamasuo zvose, nhumbi Trailers, minda nhabvu - vose vanotarisira zvakafanana. Asi chii pamusoro doorknobs? Vaizova zvishoma wavatorwa. A motokari vhiri? Zvingava va neudhadha. Uye nhabvu? Zvakaoma kufungidzira. Sezvineiwo, nyika izere dzakawanda dzakasiyana siyana. Pane nguva polyhedra zvakasikwa? Hongu, uye vakawanda vavo.

Chii chinonzi polygon?

To mufananidzo waiva polygon, kunoda zvimwe zvirwere. Chekutanga, panofanira kuva mativi mazhinji uye pamakona. Uyezve, tinofanira kuva namahwindo chimiro. Kugara polygon ane mufananidzo nomwoyo akaenzana kumativi uye pamakona. Nokudaro, muna zvakaipa angadzorwa akavhiringika zvishoma.

Mhando dzose polygons

Chii shoma uwandu kumativi vanogona dzose polygon? Mumwe mutsetse anogona kuva yakawanda kumapati. Mativi maviri uyewo havagoni kusangana uye dzinoumba namahwindo chakuvhuvhu. mapato A matatu anogona - sezvo netriangle. Uye sezvo tiri kutaura pamusoro dzose polygon apo mativi ose uye pamakona vakaenzana, tiri kureva chinhu equilateral Triangle.

Kana iwe wedzera mumwe divi, iwe awane sikweya. Ko rectangle, apo mapato havana kuenzana, kuva dzose polygon? Kwete, nhamba iyi achanzi rectangle. Kana iwe wedzera divi wechishanu, muwane nePentagon. Saizvozvowo, pane Hexagon, heptagon, octagons, uye zvichingodaro vaGiriyedhi infinitum.

chepuraimari geometry

Polygons mhando dzakasiyana: akazaruka, akadzivira uye kuzvidzora intersecting. Zvepakutanga geometry polygon nhamba yakati sandara iri shoma pedyo finite ngetani yakarurama mutsetse zvikamu vaite namahwindo polygon kana gandiwa. zvikamu izvi ayo micheto kana mativi, uye pfungwa apo micheto maviri akasangana, - vertices uye makona. The menzvimbo polygon unowanzonzi muviri wake.

Polyhedra zvakasikwa uye upenyu hwevanhu

Nepo pentagonal mapatani zvakawandira siyana mupenyu, zvicherwa nyika vanosarudza miviri, katatu, quadruple uye-nedanga matanhatu symmetry. The Hexagon chinhu gobvu chimiro iyo inopa kunonyanyisa STRUCTURAL unongotaura. Zvakajairika chaizvo mumunda mamorekuru uye crystals umo pentagonal chimiro iri rinenge kumbobvira kuitika. Steroids, remafuta akawandisa, benzene, mavhitaminzi C uye D, aspirin, shuga, graphite - ndiko nokuvapo sixfold symmetry. Apo zvakasikwa pane dzose polyhedra? Yakakurumbira hexagonal mapurani akasikwa nyuchi, wasps uye mago.

Six mvura mamorekuru vanoumba chinoumba nomumwe chando sekristaro. Saka zvinoitika munhu snowflake. Kunobatanidza dzinobhururuka ziso fomu zvakasimba rakachengetwa hexagonal urongwa. Ndezvipi zvimwe dzose polyhedra zvakasikwa? mvura iyi crystals, uye nedhaimani, basalt mbiru, ari epithelial masero ari ziso, vamwe chirimwa masero, uye zvakawanda. Saka, polyhedra, pachisikirwo, zvinhu zvine upenyu nezvisina, varipo muupenyu hwomunhu guru kwazvo uye zvakasiyana-siyana.

Chii chakaita kuti vakawanda hexagons?

Snowflakes, Organic mamorekuru, Goldstone crystals uye columnar basalts vari hexagons. Chikonzero ichi ndiko kwavo yokusafa symmetry. Chinonyanya unoshamisa muenzaniso uri sero, munhu hexagonal mamiriro iyo kunoderedza kushoma spatial Vakaomerwa, sezvo pepasi wapera chaizvo zvakanaka. Sei ive masero fanana? Nyuchi sika zvakasikwa dzose polyhedrons kuti kuzvishandisa zvidikanwi zvayo pachayo, kusanganisira kuchengetera uchi uye zai kwenheyo. Sei hunhu anoda hexagons? Mhinduro yomubvunzo uyu anogona kupa zvokutanga masvomhu.

• Triangles. Tora 428 equilateral zvokuridza mativi vanenge 7.35 mm. Kureba ravo 3 mm * 7,35 * 428/2 = 47,2 cm.
• Rectangles. Tora 428 akaenzana ane divi vanenge 4,84 neMM, yose kureba 4 M * 4,84 * 428/2 = 41.4 cm.
• Hexagons. Pakupedzisira, tora 428 hexagons vane panhivi 3 neMM, yose kureba 6 * 3 mm * 428/2 = 38.5 cm.

The pachena ndiko kukunda hexagons. Hazvina chimiro ichi chinobatsira kurerutsa kunonyanyisa nzvimbo uye rinobvumira nzvimbo duku kuisa zvidimbu vakawanda sezvinobvira. Cell umo nyuchi yokuchengetera zvavo rinopenya nekita, muri zvinoshamisa zvakarurama engineering, inofa masero prismatic hwakakwana hexagonal muchinjikwa-chikamu. Wakisi masvingo vakaita kuti kusangana chaiwo chaizvo ukobvu, masero zvinyoronyoro vachida kudzivirira kurasikirwa viscous uchi, uye rose marongerwo iri dzichienderana zvinoenderana remagineti wenyika. Zvinoshamisa, ukuwo nyuchi dziri kushanda Kufambisa.

Sei hexagons? Iri nyore geometry

Kana uchida kuti ndikokere zvakaenzana uye pezvakaita muchitokisi, saka kuti vazadze ndege rose, zvichava kushanda nguva zvitarisiko matatu chete (yose mapato uye pamwe chete angled): equilateral zvokuridza, dzinoungana uye hexagons. Masero aya hexagonal zvinoda duku Kureba porusvingo zvichienzaniswa zvokuridza kana dzinoungana munharaunda iyoyo.

Naizvozvo pakusarudza nyuchi hexagons musoro. Muzana XVIII remakore musayendisiti Charles Darwin akataura kuti hexagonal sero "zvakakwana pakuponesa basa uye wakisi." Aidavira kuti zvakasikwa vakasarudzwa akapa zvaisazogona kuti wakisi kusika masero aya, waiva mukana wokupa zvishoma simba uye nguva pane kusika nedzimwe nzira.

Mienzaniso polyhedra zvakasikwa

Meso mukomboni vamwe tupukanana vari kugara mune hexagonal, sezvamakaropafadzwa mumwe kurutivi - the izvo zvakabatana munhu retinal muchitokisi refu mutete. The Zvivako zviri inoumbwa zvisumbu masero zvoutachiona vanowanzova zvitarisiko raitungamirwa chete mitemo sezvo matema iri sipo mhinduro. The nemaziso nemamiriro mupendero maziso - imwe mienzaniso yakanakisisa. Mumwe chinhu chine sumbu mana masero chiedza-nehanya, vane chimiro chakafanana sezvo sumbu zvina kwakajairika matema.

Chii chinoratidza kuti mitemo sipo mafirimu uye matema chimiro? Nature kunyange kunetseka zvikuru pamusoro upfumi pane nyuchi. Sipo matema uye mafirimu akaita kubva mumvura (pamwe kuwedzera sipo) uye pose makakatanwa anokwevera nemvura pamusoro kuitira kuti ape imwe nzvimbo duku sezvinobvira. Ndokusaka madonhwe vari idenderedzwa (more zvichidzika), kana voparadzwa: nokure ine duku pamusoro nzvimbo pane chimwe chimiro pamwe chete vhoriyamu. On the waxy kunosiya mvura mumate vari kukwezverwa zviduku marozari nokuda kwechikonzero ichochi.

muenzaniso uyu rinotsanangura pamusoro makakatanwa sefuro matanda uye furo. Furo achatsvaka nemamiriro ine yepasisa yose pamusoro makakatanwa, iyo ichapa duku nzvimbo porusvingo. Kunyange zvazvo geometry sipo mafirimu iri zvinosiyana nesungano pakati zvemaziso ehondo, hazvina haritiudzi chii chichava fomu furo. A chaiwo furo unosanganisira polyhedral muchitokisi zvitarisiko uye hukuru. Kana iwe kunyatsotarisa, nguva dzose polyhedra zvakasikwa - kwete kudaro zvakarurama. Dzavo micheto vasingawanzova zvakakwana twasu.

zvechokwadi matema

Ngatitii kuti unogona kugadzira "vakakwana" furo, umo vose matema ndiwo akaenzana. Chii chakafanana sero, inoita zvinonyatsorehwa rouchenjeri rusvingo nharaunda duku sezvinobvira akakwana. Izvi zvataurwa kwemakore akawanda, uye kwenguva yakareba zvaifungwa kuti akakodzera chimiro Sero rimwe 14-mativi polyhedron pamwe sikweya kana hexagonal kumativi.

mari zvikuru, kunyange zvishoma akarayira chimiro, ina kudzokorora boka sere dzakasiyana siyana muchitokisi rakaonekwa muna 1993. Uyu wokuenzanisira zvikuru kunzwisisa raishandiswa sezvo kurudziro yokugadzira munhu furo swimming nhandare panguva Olympic Games 2008 muna Beijing.

Mitemo inotungamirwa masero ari furo uyewo kudzora vamwe mapatani kuchengetwa mumasero mapenyu. Kwete chete chinhu chinokosha Nhunzi-ziso chinoratidza chete hexagonal chiputiriso zvabatanidzwa sandara sefuro. Chiedza-inonyatsoziva masero mukati nechimwe wacho lenses Runowanzobatanidzwawo kuboka, izvo tarisa sezvinongoita sipo matema.

World polyhedra zvakasikwa

The masero mhando dzakasiyana akawanda zvipenyu, kubva miti gonzo membranes dzine nemaziso hurongwa hwakadaro. Hapana anoziva zvavari kuita, asi ivo vari kwose kwose zvakadaro, zviri zvakanaka kufunga kuti vane zvimwe zvinobatsira basa. Zvichida vanenge voga mumwe nomumwe nokukanganisika muitiro, tichidzivisa muchinjikwa-kukanganiswa.

Kana kungava nyore kuva vakarongeka nzira kuumba kushanda ndege huru, kubva nokukanganisika dzakawanda pezvakaitwa kutora nzvimbo panguva Kamudzira pamusoro, apo makemikari nemamwe vanoshingaira mamorekuru zvinogona nevanopinda. Chero mashandiro polyhedra zvakasikwa, musanetseka zvenyu kuti kusika dzakaoma mirayiridzo kuvabereki, nokuti mitemo wefizikisi achazviita kwamuri.

Vamwe kungozvifunga nechikero mapapiro ane yakarongeka inovhiringidza yokuchinja rakasimba zvinhu inonzi chitin. Kuonana chiedza mafungu rebounding kubva zvatinosiita neeSultan nedzimwe nhengo pamusoro bapiro pamusoro, zvinotungamirira chokuti zvimwe wavelengths (i.e., vamwe ruvara) kunyangarika, apo vamwe vari wezvikamu muedzo. Saka, munhu polygonal mamiriro chinotipa mukana wakanakisisa chishandiso kugadzirwa mhuka mavara.

Kuti akarayira samambure zvakaoma chicherwa, zvimwe zvinenge zviri pachena kuumba pezvakaita nyoro kuchinja Kamudzira, uye ipapo akapfupikisa zvinhu hwakasimba mukati mumwe interpenetrating network. Muzinga maumbirwo nemaziso mugero mukati negomba panhengo chitin kujairika zvomumvura Makonye kuzivikanwa gungwa mbeva, vatendeuki mapatani ava Natural voloskopodobnye Manyiminya faibha zvinogona kutungamirira chiedza kuchinja kubva dzvuku kusvikira rinokwanisa kucheneruka-girini zvichienderana okuvimba negwara. Izvi ruvara kuchinja zvinogona kushandiswa kaza nezvikara.

muzvarirwo anonyatsoziva

Flora uye fauna of hazvizivani mienzaniso polyhedra zvakasikwa, sezvo nyika zvisina upenyu nematombo uye zvicherwa. Kubva evasingatombonamati shanduka nemaonero, ari hexagonal mamiriro ari mutungamiri simba Optimization. Kunze zvazvakanakira pachena (nzvimbo nemari), polyhedral grids dzinopa vakawanda zviso, saka kuwedzera uwandu vavakidzani kuti zvinobatsira kunokanganisa mamiriro yose. Tuso ichi ndechokuti mashoko yapararira nokukurumidza. Sei nezvakaipa hexagonal nyeredzi-zvakaumbwa polyhedra zvakasikwa kuitika kazhinji? Zvichida zvakadaro zvakakodzera. Nature anonyatsoziva, iye anoziva zviri nani.