Kukosha uye chinobva kushanda analyzers uye pfungwa

Zvose zvipenyu zviri panyika vanoda ruzivo pamusoro nharaunda umo zvipenyu kurarama, uye murume pasina anosara. Mukana chokuwana mashoko pamusoro kwezvakatipoteredza zvinopa vasanonoka (Switch) hurongwa. basa Chero, kutsinga dzinouya maonero Kanotokonya kunotanga vakurukurirane simba raro kushanduka kupinda tsinga nomunhu, nekufambisa nomunhu izvi kuburikidza uropi Neural redunhu, iro vatendeuki etsinga nomunhu kuti chaiyo nezvekufadza, akadai auditory, olfactory, kutarisana, tactile, uye vamwe.

Chii analyzers uye yevanhu pfungwa? On ichi akazotevera.

pamusoro analyzers

Munguva yokudzidza physiology pakati kutsinga dzinouya hurongwa Academician Pavlov , IP Akasika munhu basa analyzers. Mumwe analyzer mapoka matatu: nechepakati, peripheral uye chevaimbi.

A peripheral chikamu receptors zvinomiririra - harinzwi tsinga kuti vanoziva chete vamwe mikana yakawanda yokukurudzira anyatsosarudza mhuka. Ivo vanobatanidzwa pfungwa, avo unoenderana.

Analyzers uye kutsinga dzinouya zvomukati: nechivako dzavo uye mashandiro

The analyzer ane hwezuva marongerwo. It rine weDhipatimendi Kanotokonya, ari conductive chikamu uye nechepakati hofisi. Kanotokonya kana peripheral chikamu analyzer inogona achimiririrwa Kanotokonya. Iye anoona uye anoita chikuru kubudiswa vamwe mashoko. Somuenzaniso, imwe kurira chinozunguzirwa iri kuona nokuda nzeve curl they, chiedza - ziso kumanikidzwa - ganda receptors.

In kunzwisisa nhengo rokuti (kuravira, chiratidzo, kunzwa), kuwedzera kune receptors, kuvapo ebetsero hurongwa kuti manzwisisire zvakanaka vakurukurirane uye uchishandisa kubereka, kudzivirira uye mamwe mabasa. Somuenzaniso, kutsigira zvivako zviri kutarisana analyzer rinotaura meso, asi ziso receptors - masero inoshanda chete (pematanda uye pasikweya). Receptors anogona kusiyaniswa panze, izvo akaronga pamusoro muviri pamusoro vasafara uye kuona kwokunze zvakatipoteredza uye munyika vachifunga kutsamwa rekambani zvakatipoteredza uye nezvomukati.

Sei analyzers uye takasvinura?

Division kondakita analyzer dzakaratidza fibers tsinga kuti kuitisa tsinga nomunhu nechepakati tsinga kubva Kanotokonya (auditory, olfactory, optic tsinga, etc.).

Central Front analyzer chinomirira mumwe mugove chepfungwa cortex, umo kwetunhu uye kuongorora mashoko akapiwa Switch uye rokutendeutsa kuva dzakananga nezvekufadza (olfactory, kutarisana, etc.).

Chinodiwa kuti chakaipa nokushanda analyzer anganzi kuvimbika zvose vatatu nemapoka ayo. Sei pfungwa uye analyzers kuitei? More pamusoro pazasi.

Basa kutarisana analyzer

The Kanotokonya Chikamu zvivako izvi vanomirira ziso. Nemakemikari pano iumbe zvemagetsi kupomba iyo inopfuura nomunyika optic etsinga, uye ari projected mune occipital akafukidza cortex.

Basa auditory analyzer. Kanotokonya nzeve pano. Chokunze Chikamu kuenda kuridza, avhareji chinozoitika. Chiratidzo chinokambaira auditory etsinga kuuropi, ake nezvepanyama lobes.

Basa olfactory analyzer. The olfactory epithelium chinofukidza yomukati Kamudzira mhino. Vaziva munhuwe mamorekuru, zvine pakusika tsinga nomunhu.

Basa kuravira analyzers. Kuravidza Mafundo vari - vasanonoka namakemikari receptors kuti vanoteerera makemikoro.

Kune tactile, tembiricha, marwadzo analyzers - uyewo panofanira receptors paganda. Ngatikurukurei muudzame pfungwa "pfungwa" uye "analyzers".

nhego wezvakaonekwa

Kudeuka kuwanda mashoko pamusoro kwokunze nyika iri chakasvitswa munhu kubudikidza nhengo nokuona, kureva, maziso, chine webetsero midziyo uye yeziso. Yeziso iri pamberi chikamu dehenya iri rusesi-muchadenga, kudzivirira ayo okumusoro anopenya kubva zvokuimba kukuvadzwa, uyewo eyelashes uye frontal maberere, mhuno uye malar mapfupa cranial.

Analyzers uye hwevanhu pfungwa yakasiyana.

Pakona ziso panosangana riri verhnenaruzhnogo mumasero lacrimal kuti secrete lacrimal fluid misodzi, hwezvekukurukurirana kufamba namafungiro, wetting pechiso yeziso. In yomukati pakona chinoenda kwazvo nemisodzi, izvozvo muwisira misodzi ducts uye ipapo kupinda nasal mhango pakati nasolacrimal mutsinga dzinofamba nemukaka. Nhanhatu extraocular tsandanyama batanidza yeziso uye mapfupa rusvingo muchadenga uye anobvumira kufamba kumusoro, pasi, padivi.

vanoumba Three goko rusvingo yeziso: fibrous (yokunze), vascular (paavhareji) uye the retina kana reticulated (zvemukati). Rokunze goko zvikuru, veshure chikamu anoumba munhu sclera (tunica gobvu ganda), chobudira mugomba kumberi läpinäkyvä Kamudzira kuti permeable kuti chiedza, - the cornea. Chinoumba ari sclera hunodzivirira ziso uye anochengeta chimiro chayo. Eye kudya midziyo ropa, riri vakapfuma choroid. Iris, ndiko kuti, ayo mberi, pigmented, uye ichi chinoratidza sedare ruvara rwacho, rine ziso. Saka vakaronga analyzers uye kutsinga dzinouya zvomukati.

Pekamuri pamberi ziso

The Anterior mukamuri - nzvimbo pakati Iris uye cornea, vyazkovatoy akazara mvura. Zvinokonzera Iris ari biconvex izvo 10 mm mu dhayamita - kwakavharwa nenyama uye segirazi izvo. Zvinonzi vasiyana ciliary tsandanyama, riri munzvimbo choroid. Kana makakatanwa pakati nemarunda ipfupi, i.e. ari ciliary tsandanyama relaxes, kuti izvo anova convex nokuda kwayo nepo uye elasticity, ndiEzekieri, kuti izvo kunova mukobvu panguva amplification tensioning nemarunda.

Rwemberi mukamuri ziso izere mura uye iri pakati izvo uye iris. Nokuti gogorosi yeziso mhango yakazara ine segirazi gelatinous guru, vanonzi vitreous muviri, izvo achida kuramba pezvakaita yeziso, kuti ape mukana wokushandiswa uye, mukuwedzera, ramba neVadzidzi sclera uye choroid the retina. Ndicho chikuru anoita pfungwa nadzo uye analyzers.

The the retina

Retin-A, kana mambure-kufanana mukati goko ndiyo dzakaoma chivako. It mitsetse rusvingo yeziso kubva mukati. Its dzinoumba etsinga harinzwi ari optic etsinga, Kanotokonya (photosensitive) masero (pematanda uye pasikweya) uye masero pigmented kuti dziri munzvimbo rokunze rukoko of the retina. Black aizonyatsovachenesa ruvara rukoko kunoonekwa kuburikidza Panovhurwa mboni. Heunoi sei kushandisa pfungwa uye analyzers.

Eye funga Manyiminya midziyo. Its chiedza-refracting hurongwa kuitika: ari vitreous muviri, asi izvo, ivo aqueous mvura veshure uye pamberi makamuri cornea. Mumwe Manyiminya chinhu wegadziriro ichipfuura chiedza mwaranzi vari refracted, wakawira the retina uye pokubatana inverted uye kuderedzwa mufananidzo zvinhu zvinoonekwa kuti ziso.

Chii analyzers zvinesungano pfungwa, zvino zvava pachena.

The mashandiro pamusoro photoreception

The the retina rine tsvimbo vanenge mamiriyoni 130 uye mamiriyoni 7 pasikweya. The pasikweya iodopsin ruvara aripo izvo anobvumira kunzwisisa ruvara masikati. Vanogonawo kukamurwa kuva zvitatu mifananidzo, kuva spectral aikanganiswa zvitema, tsvuku uye mitema mavara.

Pematanda uye pasikweya (photosensitive receptors) kana chavakaona chiedza mwaranzi kuva yakaoma photochemical siyana kuti aine cleavage Zvinhu pigments kuna mukomboni. Izvi zvinoita kuti munhu photochemical maitiro excitation, vari chinopfuudzwa pamusoro optic etsinga kuti kupomba fomu iri diencephalon uye midbrain (subcortical nzvimbo), uye zvakare muna occipital akafukidza cerebral cortex uye dzakachinjwa ari mumufananidzo manyawi. Murima akadzorera kutarisana pepuru.

Ndoupi musiyano pakati analyzer uye mupfungwa nhengo? More pamusoro pazasi.

Simba Health

Zvinhu kutsigira richengetedzwe:

• chiedza bhuku iri kuruboshwe;
• kubasa inofanira zvakanaka chiedza;
• kubva ziso kudzokorora nyaya kure kunofanira kuva 30-35 masendimita.

Zvinoitawo kunoita Kuipa kuverenga chokufambisa (sezvo dzichichinja kure pakati izvo uye bhuku kunotungamirira simba elasticity ciliary tsandanyama uye izvo), kana avete pasi. Zvinofanira kuchengetedza maziso pamusoro ingress inobwinya chaizvo chiedza, huruva uye zvimwe zvacho. Hapana kukosha njere nhengo uye analyzers. Biology bvunzo achagona zvakaitika nerimwe.

nhego rokunzwikwa

Nokuti kunzwa nhengo vari paavhareji nzeve, kuchivanze chikamu uye yomukati nzeve.

The kwokunze nzeve inosanganisira auricle uye zvokunze auditory canal, eardrum kupera. Maumbirwe pinna chakafanana fanera rinoumbwa fibrous zvinyama, iyo yakafukidzwa ganda uye shwashwa. Kureba rokunze auditory Canal -. 2-5 masendimita Dzinenge mumasero mugero dzinounzwa sulfuric viscous mvura, mukuvhiringidza tusingaoneki uye guruva. The kwakavharwa nenyama uye dzakaonda kuti 0.1 mm eardrum kunoita kuchinjwa mukati nzeve inzwi vibrations.

The nzeve pakati riri seri eardrum mu zvenyama mapfupa ari dehenya. Ake tympanic mhango ane bhuku anenge 1 masendimita ³ uye rine ossicles matatu: stapes, incus uye malleus. Pashure Eustachian (auditory) chubhu zvakabatana kuti tympanum nasopharynx. Pressure zvose kumativi eardrum iri dzichienderana kuburikidza auditory chubhu, uyewo anoramba kuvimbika.

Very duku Kukura auditory ossicles cheni chimiro chinjwa pamwe chete. Malleus (wejira gomba) kwakabatana kune tympanic Kamudzira, uye musoro wayo ane panhera - kushandisa pejoinhi. Pachipfuriro, akavapindurawo, wanamatira kune stapes, uye - rusvingo yomukati nzeve. Auditory ossicles pfuma basa rinoitwa ka20 uye acoustic chinozunguzirwa kupfuudzwa kuna munzeve pedyo eardrum.

Rusvingo tympanum, iyo wakapatsanura avhareji womukati nzeve yomukati ane mahwindo maviri (mawindo) - denderedzwa uye kumativi, zvakasimba Kamudzira iyo membrane. The foramen ovale Kamudzira hunogara stapes.

Vakawanda vanofarira pfungwa uye analyzers. Test muna zvipenyu Somuenzaniso, rine mibvunzo pamusoro penyaya iyi.

The nzeve chomukati iri mu zvenyama pfupa, ndiko kwegadziriro hova uye in, yainzi labyrinth. Pamwe chete zvinoumba mhou labyrinth, uye membranous labyrinth riri mukati maro. Pakati membranous labyrinth uye mapfupa nzvimbo izere mura, akadana perilymph.

Membranous labyrinth mukati rizere mvura, anonzi endolymph. madhipatimendi vatatu dzinounzwa munzeve: iri cochlea, iyo semicircular migero uye kumusuwo. By kunzwa Nhengo anogona kunzi chete cochlea - mapfupa mugero spirally wakarukwa 2.5 muchichinjana. The mhango pakati gwara iri muzvikamu zvitatu nokuda membranes maviri.

Mumwe Kamudzira, huru Kamudzira rinoumbwa connective zvinyama, zvinosanganisira anenge 24 pamadonhwe fibers akasiyana urefu uye akaronga transversely kuti weboka cochlea. The chakarebesa fibers vari panguva chakaderedzwa mutengo yacho cochlea, uye pfupi - panguva yayo. fibers ava 5 misara zvukochuvstvitelnyh masero bvudzi pamwe unhani Kamudzira kukura pamusoro pavo. Pamwe chete, zvinhu izvi zvinoumba nhengo Corti, kuti ndiye Kanotokonya midziyo yacho auditory analyzer.

Kusiyana analyzer uye kutsinga dzinouya nhengo ndiye analyzer anogamuchira mashoko kubva kutsinga dzinouya nhengo kuti anogamuchira kubva kunze kwenyika.

The mashandiro nokurira maonero

hozhwa mvura mugero nokufamba kutora stapes, izvo anoisa pamusoro denderedzwa hwindo membrane. Izvi zvinotungamirira nokufamba ari chikuru Kamudzira resonance fibers. Kusanganisira mukuru nenamo rinonzwika chikonzero vibrations pfupi fibrils, izvo riri mujinga ari cochlea, apo pasi namo kunokonzera nokufamba vari pamusoro refu fibrils. Hair masero panguva kubata raifukidzira Kamudzira, kuchinja chimiro chayo.

Hair masero, kureva unhani ari Kamudzira shanduko chimiro. Izvi zvinotungamirira kuna excitation iri chakasvitswa kuti mesencephalon muchimiro pulses ose auditory tsinga fibers, uye zvakawanda kunzwa mapazi ari chepfungwa cortex pakati zvenyama akafukidza, apo excitation anopinda auditory manyawi. The nzeve dzevanhu munganzwisisa rinonzwika Frequency Range 20-20000 Hz.

Kunzwa Health Authority

Kuti aponese makuhwa, zvakakodzera kudzivisa zvokuimba kuvadza eardrum. Nzeve Canal nenzeve inofanira kuchengetwa yakachena. Kana nzeve dziri vaunganidza yemuraudzo rwesarufa, zvakafanira kuti kuonana nyanzvi. Strong uye rakasimba ruzha kuvhiringidza pamusoro nhengo pakunzwa. Zvakakosha chaizvo kuti kubata chikosoro nenzira yakakodzera nenzira, sezvo ari tympanic mhango kuburikidza eustachian chubhu anogona kupindira utachiona uye vakandizvidza kuzvimba. Taiongorora analyzers uye hwevanhu mupfungwa dzomuviri.

dzimwe analyzers

Kunewo tactile, gustatory uye olfactory analyzers. Akadana musabata ganda ashatirwa akawanda receptors. Ravirai receptors vanoumba peripheral vakaparadzana kuravira analyzer (rurimi, nemumuromo mucosa). The yepamusoro nzvimbo muuropi. Olfactory analyzer anogamuchira mashoko kubva receptors riri nasal mucosa. Kunhuhwidza muvanhu akakurukura kupfuura zvakaneta, kusiyana nemhuka.

Interesting basa vestibular midziyo, anodzora nzvimbo uye dzidziso muviri ari muchadenga. Age uye vakadzi sei kunyatsoshanda kuti analyzers. Somuenzaniso, vakadzi vane dzakabudirira nani kunhuhwidza uye omumwe ruvara kwerima guru. Men ngazvirege Mafundo kushanda nani.

Kukosha pfungwa nadzo uye analyzers

nhengo idzi dzinokosha chaizvo kuti vanhu. Pasina kwavari, zvaizova zvakaoma kurarama. Ndiani havaratidzi kunokudziridzwa chero pfungwa nhengo kana analyzer zvinhu zvinochengetwa kukura uye maonero enyika. Havazivi dzokumabvazuva pachavo vari muchadenga. Motor mabasa vasingadzoreki.