Kusagadzikana maonero avo mhando: kuongorora chirwere uye kurapwa

The muviri womunhu - zvinoshamisa mubatanidzwa nhengo dzakawanda, nhengo dzomukati, mashandiro, nemakemikari, nemagetsi nomunhu inobvumira munhu kurarama, kudzidza uye kuwana nyika zvakamupoteredza. Cognition kunoitika achibatsirwa migumisiro pamusoro dzevanhu pfungwa - chiedza, ruzha, kuravira, kunhuwidza, tactile uye spatial maonero. All ichi - mujinga ruzivo uye kuvapo kwevanhu munyika zvakamupoteredza. Uye maonero wenyonganyonga, chero vangava uye hatina chikonzero chii chakaitika - nechinetso chakakomba.

Perception: Reality ndinoiitawo fungidziro

Chokwadi chokuti vanhu vanogona kuziva zvinhu zvakamupoteredza, chokuita pfungwa uye fungidziro. The zivo inogona kuwanikwa tichibatsirwa kuona, kunzwa, kuravira, tactile migumisiro, kunhuwidza uye kusarudza muviri nzvimbo muchadenga, vabatwe chaizvo zvikamu uropi uye tichibatsirwa zvokufungidzira uye ruzivo vakawana ari pamusoro muri pfungwa pamusoro nyika. Kusagadzikana maonero chero nzvimbo kutendera munhu kuti mufananidzo wakakwana.

Far uye pedo

Kusagadzikana manzwiro uye maonero ari Data zviri pedyo nepedyo. Receptors vanogamuchira mashoko pamusoro yakapoteredza chokwadi, zvinoparadzira tsinga nomunhu kuti uropi, apo kuongorora kubudiswa dziri vakapiwa data, uye pane mhinduro iri muchimiro mharidzo yacho chinhu kana chiitiko, kukanganisa receptors. Uyezve, vamwe izvi zvinokonzerwa receptors vanofanira kugamuchira zvakananga vachionana chinhu, uye vamwe - kuburikidza nzvimbo. Saka, Somuenzaniso, kuravidza nezvekufadza chingozviitikira ingestion zvokudya pamuromo uye rurimi. Asi chiratidzo unokubvumira kuona zvinhu kure. The maonero mashoko awanika kuburikidza zvakasiyana pfungwa uye receptors - chikuru mashandiro nezivo kwevanhu munyika. Kusagadzikana maonero - kunzwisisa vasiri uye mupfungwa dambudziko.

Sense nhengo dzemuviri uye receptors

Kuwedzera kuzivikanwa kubva kuchikoro pfungwa nhanhatu womunhu muviri anoona zvakawanda kuitika. Saka, pane receptors zviri kukonzera omumwe kupisa - chando, marwadzo uye manzwiro muviri. Saka sainzi haamiri kubuda matanhatu 9 siyana nezvekufadza:

• zvakaratidzwa;
• kunzwa;
• kunhuhwidza;
• pfungwa kubata;
• ekvibriotseptsiya - pfungwa nemwero;
• ngazvirege kutongoravira;
• nociception - omumwe marwadzo;
• termotseptsiya - ushamwari;
• proprioception - spatial pfungwa muviri.

Kusvika ruzivo nezve nyika achishandisa siyana receptors, muuropi dzinotsanagura navo omumwe chokwadi.

Perception uye okurapa

Kana paine kutyorwa womunhu muviri, zvingava dambudziko guru - maonero zvirwere. Psychiatry sechinhu sayenzi tsika wemishonga kudzidza kutyorwa izvi uye pazvinobvira rubatsiro kuti avaruramise. Vanachiremba vepfungwa kwemazana emakore kudzidza kusagadzikana maonero, kubatsira varwere kwete chete pachavo, asi vanhu vakavapoteredza, kurarama nezvinetso zvakadaro. Atadze kushanda zvakanaka mumwe kana kupfuura pfungwa - ichi hachisi chirwere nzwisisika kuongorora dzedunhu nyika nguva dzose. Munhu akafirwa pezvaakaratidzwa, anoziva sei kuti kutarisa uye Ruvara zvinhu chaizvoizvo uye achibatsirwa nedzimwe pfungwa basa anogona kupa mufananidzo chaiwo munyika zvakamupoteredza. In wepfungwa, kusagadzikana omumwe muitiro - icho zvinetso kunzwisisa akaita haana kudaro zvinetso Kanotokonya, sezvo kuchinja dzinotsanagura processing mashoko awanika uye yokupedzisira mugumisiro.

omumwe nyonganyonga sei?

Psychiatry - rinokosha zvoupenyu mushonga pakubata siyana chirwere chepfungwa dzavo kuratidzwa. Uyu chaizvo zvakananga nzvimbo zivo kwevanhu, iyo inoshandisa mashoko okuti "chirwere", "utano", "wokuyera" uye "zvokurwara" pamusoro mupfungwa ezvinhu. Imwe nzvimbo basa chiremba wepfungwa - maonero zvirwere. Psychiatry matambudziko akadaro inokurukura pfungwa pathologies. Kusagadzikana manzwiro uye maonero akaratidza akawanda anoti:

• Yokutindivadza pachena kutadza kuti omumwe tactile nezvekufadza kuravidza uye kunhuwidza. In kuratidzwa ayo akafanana vezvokurapa rufimbi akadana igumburwe aikanganiswa kurwadziwa receptors Varwere panguva zvokurapa kupindira.
• Hypersensitivity - utetsa nyonganyonga nokuda pachena wakawedzera kwakanaka, chiedza, ruzha. Kakawanda hypersensitivity kunooneka pacharo Varwere pashure zvinorwadza kukuvara uropi.
• Gipostezii - harungashandurwi hypersensitivity utetsa shanduko. Kutsinga dzinouya maonero kunoderedza dzinongoitika kuitika. Varwere Gipostezii vanotambura zvokuora mwoyo, izvo nyika inoratidzika mikukutu, mikukutu.
• Paresthesia chinoratidzwa nezvekufadza yakafunuka, nokutsva, tingling, "nembambo uye tsono", nokuda vasingadzoreki ropa rive uye innervation. Kakawanda, paresthesia kuitika dzinodengenyeka Zakharyin-Guesde: nezvinetso zvomukati kuonekwa sezvo kusingafadzi, inorwadza nezvekufadza pamusoro dzimwe nzvimbo dzomuviri womunhu pamusoro.
• Senestopatii - zvisingafadzi nezvekufadza kuti kuitika mukati muviri, ivo Zvakaoma kutsanangura nemashoko, kazhinji murwere anoshandisa kuenzaniswa yakajeka mifananidzo kuti kuudza manzwiro aya.

"Wrong" kunzwa dzimwe nguva uwirirane zvekuchipatara kuratidzwa chirwere, uye kwete chete kubva chepfungwa tsika. A nomazvo chirwere ane chirwere kana mamiriro - ndiyo hwaro yepamusoro kurapwa.

The chikuru kusagadzikana maonero

Psychiatry somunda kunotoda kurapwa mushonga inoshandisa izwi nzira, chirwere, kurapwa uye ekudzivirira. Nokuti chirwere zvakafanira kuziva zvakajeka zvinoratidza chirwere, kubatsira ichi zvekuchipatara miedzo, nhoroondo zvokurapa, yezvirwere nemiedzo. Categorization achibvumira nokutonga zvakarurama kududzira Data kununura mukana wakakwana kuongorora chirwere. Kunan'anura zvimwe zvinetso chepfungwa mu chepfungwa ndiyo huru mbiri Mapato ose kusagadzikana maonero:

• fungidziro;
• fungidziro.

Both pfungwa, vanhu vakawanda berekai zvakakwana Manzwiro, asi murwere haana kudzora pavo, kunyange zvazvo kakawanda, zvirwere izvi zvichiitika nokuda mamiriro ezvinhu umo munhu achadzinga pacharo, zvakadai sokunyanya kushandisa zvinodhaka kana doro chepfu. Dzimwe mhando perceptual zvirwere zvinogona kuitika mune vanhu gwindiri maererano wepfungwa.

Blue nomupedzachose mu inoshamisa

"Zvaunoona, asi chii hakusi chokwadi" - kureva kuti munhu aone zvinhu zvisipo. Matambudziko omumwe chokwadi sezvazviri, chokwadi, kuonekwa nezve ekunyebera mifananidzo. Psychiatry, kudzidza kusagadzikana maonero, fungidziro se chifananidzo kuti rinowanika mupfungwa, uye rinorondedzerwa so muupenyu, asi pasina zviwane kuita pamusoro dzevanhu receptors. Mifananidzo iyi kuonekwa pasina, saka kutaura, nokuti maonero wenyonganyonga. vanachiremba vepfungwa fungidziro akakamurwa mhando dzakawanda:

• fungidziro True - muri mifananidzo yakajeka kuti murwere ane zvimwe chimiro, ruvara, kwakanaka, inongorira yakananga inzwi. fungidziro vechokwadi panoonekwa varwere sezvo kuratidzwa chokwadi kuburikidza achizvifunga, iye anoedza kutsausa navo kana vaizova mananara anooneka kana zvinhu zviripo chokwadi. Mukuwedzera, tichitarisa murwere kusangana fungidziro vechokwadi, vose vanhu kumativi unofanira kuatora saizvozvo sezvaakaita.
• Pseudohallucinations panoonekwa murwere sechinhu tyisa, asi ariko zvechokwadi, isina Nokupenya, kazhinji incorporeal, anogona kuitika kana kubva mumuviri murwere kana kubva munzvimbo zvisingachinji receptors ayo. Kazhinji kuonekwa venhema fungidziro varwere nechisimba midzi mumuviri wake achishandisa anokosha mano, michina kana yakafanira kuti aiva mupfungwa zvikuru.

Kuwedzera kune izvi mhando mbiri fungidziro vari Akagoverawo pamusoro pfungwa, angadzorwa kukonzerwa:

• visceral;
• ngazvirege kutongoravira;
• ziso;
• olfactory;
• kunzwa;
• tactile.

Mumwe mhando kuvhumuka ine rondedzero nesayenzi yayo uye inogona yaora kupinda subspecies akawanda, izvo zvinokosha yokuora wepfungwa.

Zviya, fungidziro zvinogona akafuridzirwa uye vakafurira. Mumwe nzira inoshandisa Psychiatry Aschaffenburg chiratidzo kana murwere kupa mberi teerera vasingadiwi dzorunhare, saka vachiongorora nokugadzirira zvayo auditory zvisipo. Kana Reichardt chiratidzo - munhu chiratidzo zvibereko pabhodhi: murwere anopiwa wakachena chena pepa uye anoda kutaura chii inotsanangura. Fungidziro anogona chadzo, yomuka pamusoro yaitwa kweiyi zvimwe receptors uye haarambi pashure nokubviswa vakurukurirane. Nenzira, mufananidzo rebhuruu nomupedzachose kusvuta hookah ari howa nguwani kubva Lews Carroll ngano "Alice mu inoshamisa" anoonekwa nevakawanda sezvo ainakidza kuvhumuka.

fungidziro kwakadaro wakanaka

In wepfungwa, pamire mumwe maonero zvirwere mhando - neunyengedzi. With pfungwa iyi yaizivikanwa zvose, kunyange vaya havatamburi kubva maonero zvinetso zviri vepfungwa nemashoko. Kazhinji vanhu vanoshandisa mashoko okuti "akanaka fungidziro, inotyisa fungidziro." Saka chii ichocho? Zvesayenzi tsanangudzo imwe mhando maonero rebipolar unorira zvakaipa, yakakanganiswa manzwisisire zvinhu zviripo chokwadi. Kufungidzira - kuti ndiyo fungidziro. Somuenzaniso, fungidziro anogona kuitika pamwe kukwana anotikurudzira - murima riri nyore kwazvo kuti pepa rehurukuro womunhu mufananidzo shure mugwenzi. Saka kuti chimiro neunyengedzi - ichi hachisi nguva dzose munharaunda wepfungwa. The maitiro zviri fungidziro vari:

• chinhu kana Fani kuwana kutsinga dzinouya kusarurama: nechipi, inzwi, tactile uye spatial kunzwa;
• kusarurama, misperception uye kuyera munhu chinhu chaicho;
• fungidziro pazvikanganiso kutsinga dzinouya maonero, inova munhu receptors chaizvoizvo vari kukanganiswa, asi kunonzwisiswa zvakasiyana pane zvechokwadi;
• sezvo pfungwa yenhema aripo chaizvoizvo.

Kukanganisika chinooneka maonero - chimwe chikamu fungidziro vanhu utano. Uyezve, kutadza kwakadaro kunogona kuva mumuviri kana zvepfungwa zvakasikwa. Mumuviri kunoita fungidziro kuti wepfungwa hazvinei, kunze hwerazuva mugwenga imomo zvazvo isiri nyore, asi sayenzi pfungwa yakarurama wefizikisi. Clinical wepfungwa inokurukura psychopathological fungidziro:

• kuvhiringidzika yomuka pamusoro yaitwa kutya kana huta excitability kwaaizoita ngozi;
• .. Kutuka, kureva, kutukana, neunyengedzi - mashoko kana zvikamu zvemashoko kuti tinonzwa munhu;
• pareydolicheskie fungidziro - ziso zvinonyengera kuti kuitika tikafunga chifananidzo chaiyo guessing zvifananidzo Somuenzaniso, kuswedera pamusoro Wallpaper kunogona zvinotyisa fungidziro zviri pamufananidzo; Vazhinji neunyengedzi aya kuchengetwa vanhu okusika Somuenzaniso, vaongorori vakawana kuti Leonardo da Vinci akatambura pareidolia.

Hwaro neunyengedzi - perceptual abnormalities uye pfungwa pamusoro nyika. Havasi pathological nguva dzose. Kazhinji vanenge yakakonzerwa kukanganisa maonero tikafunga ane kururama tinyatsonzwisisa basa receptors.

Kufunga uye ndangariro pamwe maonero zvirwere

Chii chinosiyanisa Homo sapiens nemamwe zvipenyu? Kugona kufunga. Kufunga - zvinhu zvishande muitiro kuti anosanganisa zvine musoro mufananidzo dzakapoteredza nyika wemunhu. Mafungiro zvakabatana chaizvo pamwe maonero uye ndangariro. Zvose kwemasayendisiti kuti munguva murume sezvo ndaisagona munhu, kuchinja kwezviuru zvemakore, vakashanduka uye wakashandurwa. Uye kana pakutanga zvakanga zvakakodzera chete kushandisa simba ripi neripi kuti gutsa zvavo zvokunyama (chikafu, kubereka uye zvaichengetedza), ipapo pamusoro nguva vanhu vakadzidza vakai pfungwa namaketani - kufunga, kundotora zvandinenge mugumisiro pokushandisa maduku mumuviri achiedza uye kukuvadza utano uye upenyu. Kusimbisa mashoko akanaka zvabuda akatanga kuva ndangariro - pfupi, refu, uyewo dzimwe pfungwa mabasa chairwo vanhu - zvokufungidzira, kukwanisa kuona ramangwana, nokuzvidzora ruzivo. Symbiosis kusagadzikana maonero uye mafungiro - psychosensory nyonganyonga. In wepfungwa, zvirwere izvi zviri rakakamurwa mhando mbiri huru:

• depersonalization kuonekwe sizvo uye muviri wako nezvekufadza, vanonzi vanoziva remangwana kana zvinofunga depersonalization, uye zvisiri pfungwa zvake "I" - the vanoziva remangwana kana zvinofunga depersonalization;
• derealization akaratidza nenzira isiriyo manzwisisire chenyika - nzvimbo, nguva, saizi, chimiro chaicho panoonekwa varwere kuti kukanganiswa, kunyange zvazvo ari nechokwadi zita kwakarurama wezvakaonekwa yenyu.

Kufunga - zvakakurumbira munhu. Mafungiro musoro iri pachena kuti zvinonzwisisika achinyatsoramba maonero zvirwere. Psychiatry somunda kunotoda kurapwa mushonga anoedza kuwana nzira kubvisa kusanzwisisana kunokonzerwa maonero zvirwere Varwere vairwara. In kusagadzikana omumwe varwere zviratidzwa uye akafunga nyonganyonga - zvinovadadira, nyanyisa kana overvalued pfungwa, izvo kuva zvinoreva upenyu murume.

Psychiatry - kunzwisisa sayenzi kwevanhu pfungwa chirwere, zvinova nzvimbo uye maonero zvinetso uye ndangariro, kufunga uye dzimwe pfungwa mabasa. Uyezve, zvinetso chepfungwa kazhinji dzaibatanidzwa kunzwisisa pfungwa mabasa - kubva basa pfungwa kune pfupi-rokuti kana ndangariro-refu.

Sei akashatirwa manzwisisire chaicho?

Patinotarisana nezvinetso munhu chepfungwa yezvakaita mubvunzo ndewokuti: Chii chinokonzera kuti kusagadzikana maonero? Pangave rose siyana kubva doro uye zvinodhaka chepfu kuti pathological mamiriro womunhu psyche. zvirwere Mental vari panoonekwa zvakaoma, kazhinji nokuti kuti vanhu havagoni kutsanangura zvakarurama manzwiro avo, zviitiko zvakaitika kwaari kana nzvimbo, uye kutanga nzendo chirwere havasi zvinoonekwa nevamwe nguva dzose. Perceptual zvirwere zvingamuka sezvo migumisiro ipi chirwere zvomukati kana hurongwa, uyewo nokuda kutyora vakawana mashoko kubudiswa, kuongorora uye kubudisa imwe mugumisiro. Psychiatric tsika panguva haagoni kunyatsotaura kuziva zvinokonzera kusagadzikana maonero, kuwedzera kudhaka kana zvokurwara mashandiro zvakarurama kutsunga muchetura fuma. Kutyorwa omumwe chokwadi anogona uye anofanira kusimudza nokufungirana pakati vanhu vakavapoteredza, nekuti kazhinji varwere pachavo vari hapana kukurumidza kugadzirisa nenyanzvi, kunze kwezvinhu izvi chinhu pathological. Time akaratidza nechinetso omumwe chokwadi kunogona kubatsira murwere kudzivisa zvinetso zvakakomba. Akamonyana chokwadi - dambudziko guru vose murwere uye vanhu vakamupoteredza uye mupfungwa, uye mumuviri.

Chevana zvokufungidzira uye maonero zvirwere

Mwana wechipfungwa uye psychology ndeyemhando chaiyo yemishonga. Vana vaduku vanorota zvikuru uye vanogadzira, uye kuwedzera kwekuita kwepfungwa yengwana uye hupenyu hunokosha hunoita kuti mwana asakwanisa kugadzirisa manzwiro asina kufanira panguva. Ndicho chikonzero kushungurudzika kwevana kwepfungwa kunzvimbo yakakosha yekugadzirisa, zvepfungwa uye zvepfungwa. Maonero ekuona uye anoongorora ndeimwe chezvinhu zvehutano hwemunhu wese. Nyaya inotyisa inotaurirwa usiku ichangova yemwana chaiye yeusiku, kuvanza pasi pechipfuva kana muimba. Zvizhinji zvezvinetso izvi zvinoitika manheru, kuneta uye kubatwa kwe mwana. Nhau dzinotyisa uye nyaya, zvikurukuru dzakaudzwa kumwana usiku, dzinogona kuva chikonzero chekuvandudza hutano hwehutano. Hluccination inowanzoitika kune vana kakawanda pamusana pehutano hwezvirwere zvemweya uye zvepabonde zvinokonzerwa nekuwedzera kwekushisa kwemuviri. Nguva yezvinoitika kakawanda zvekuputsa kwakadaro makore mashanu kusvika ku7. Nzira dzechimiro ichi chiri chekutanga- chema-chema, chiedza chemwenje, mitsara kana mifananidzo yevanhu, mhuka, uye kubva pamanzwi evana vanonzwa kuchema, kugogodza, mazwi e shiri kana mhuka. Zvose izvi zviratidzo zvinonzwisiswa nemucheche semufananidzo.

Vana vezera rakasiyana vanogona kutambura nekuratidzwa kwechichichiphrenia. Muchiitiko ichi, mazano ose anova akaoma, kazhinji anonyadzisa. Chirongwa chekufungidzira chakaoma, chinowanzoisa pangozi utano kana hupenyu hwomwana. Kune vana vekuyaruka kwevechiri kuyaruka, iyo iri makore gumi nemaviri kusvika gumi nemashanu, kufambisa kwemavira uye tactile hallucinations inozivikanwa, mwana anotanga kusiya mhuka yake yaanoda kare, unhu hwake nekuchinja kwehutano.

Mune boka rakasarudzwa, vanachiremba uye vana vepfungwa dzepfungwa vanosarudza vana vane hutano husina kunaka hwekuona. Mune zviitiko izvi, mwana anokura uye anodzidza kubhadhara kusakosha kwezvimwe zvinokonzera nekusimudzira kusimbiswa kwemamwe mano ekufunga. Muenzaniso wekare - mwana ane kuberekwa kwekunzwa kwekunzwa kunoratidzwa nemaziso akanaka kwazvo, anocherechedza zvinyorwa zvishoma, anopa zvakanyanya kufungisisa zvisinganyanyi kukosha kwezvinhu zvakapoteredza.

Pfungwa ndiyo nheyo yeruzivo rwepasi rakapoteredza mukuratidzwa kwayo kose. Kuti munhu anzwe, munhu wacho anopiwa pfungwa nhanhatu uye marudzi mapfumbamwe emakiti. Asi kunze kwekunzwa, ruzivo rwakagamuchirwa runofanira kuendeswa kumatare akakodzera europi, imomo kuti iite chirongwa chekugadzirisa nekuongorora, kugadzira mufananidzo wakazara wezvokwadi pamusana pekuoma kwekunzwa uye hupenyu hwehupenyu. Mugumisiro wekuona ndeyemufananidzo wezvakaitika zvakapoteredza. Kuita zvechisimba kwechimwe chinhu chakabatanidzwa mumaketani ekuwana mufananidzo wepasi kunotungamirira kusakanganiswa kwechokwadi. Psychiatry semunda wemakiriniki emakiriniki anoongorora zvikonzero zvekuoneka, zvikamu zvekukura, zviratidzo nezviratidzo, nzira dzokurapa nekudzivirira zvinetso zvekuona sezviitiko zvakasiyana, uye zvikamu zvezvinetso zvakafanana nehutano hwevanhu.