Kutengesa doro kune mwana muduku. Mutemo pamusoro pekugadziriswa kweRetail Sales yeAdha

Dambudziko rakakosha uye rinokosha, kunyange nemitemo yezuva ranhasi, rinoramba riri kutengesa doro kune mwana muduku. Sei kukanganisa kwakadaro kune ngozi? Chirango chipi chaanova nacho kwaari? Zvose izvi zvichakurukurwa munyaya ino.

Zvichemo zvepamhosva

Tevera nzira yakashata uye ine utano hwehupenyu hwevana vavo vanofanira vabereki. Zvisinei, kumamiriro ehurumende, basa rehutano rinofanira kuitwa kuti ripikisane nevechiri kuyaruka kudhakwa. Saka, muna 2016 nhamba yewaini-inotarisira vana inenge 14 mamiriyoni evanhu. Asi izvi zvinongoenderana nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemasvomhu, zviyero zvechokwadi, zvichida, ndeyomurairo wepamusoro. Zvinonzwisisika, zviratidzo zvakadaro zvinongoratidzira chinhu chimwe chete: basa rinobudirira rinofanira kuitwa zvose muhutano uye nepamhuri-mhuri.

Ndezvipi zvinogona kutaurwa pamusoro pebasa rehurumende mukurwa kwakadaro? Inotungamirirwa zvikuru kuburikidza nekuwanda kwehupenyu hune utano, pamwe nekudzivisa kukanganisa kwakadaro sekutengesa doro kune vana. Izvozvo zvinoshamisa zvekuputsika kwekuonekwa kunotevera:

• Kutungamira mutoro wekudarika kumwe chete;
• Mhosva yepamhosva yekudarika kudarika kaviri mumwedzi mitanhatu.

Inotyisa sei kutengesa doro kune mwana muduku?

Kusvikira ikozvino, vanhu (uye vanhu vakuru chaizvo) vachiri kutenda kuti kutenga doro ndiro nyaya yega yega munhu wese, kusanganisira wechidiki. Zvinonzwisisika, izvi zvinonyanya kukanganisa uye kutonga kwakashata. Hazvibviri kuenzanisa zvisarudzo zvevanhu vakuru neupenzi uye kusaziva kwevana. Kudzora pamusoro pevana kunofanira kugara kuri kubva kumativi emhuri uye kubva kuhurumende. Kana zvisina kudaro, zvinetso zvinotevera zvinogona kuonekwa munharaunda yedu:

• Izvo zvinoparadza doro pamuviri wediki (kuremara kwepanyama uye kwepfungwa);
• Dambudziko rezvemagariro: kuwedzera kweupombwe, nhamba yakawanda yekuita zvisarudzo;
• Zvinyorwa zvishoma zvehupfumi, tsika nemagariro ehupfumi hwehurumende.

Kubudirira kwezvinetso izvi zvose zvave zvakatonyanya kunetseka nekutengeswa kwewaini kusvika kumwana muduku. Ichi ndicho chikonzero mutemo wekutengeswa kwewaini kune vana wakaparidzwa muRussia (mutemo pamusoro pekuregererwa kwekutengeswa).

Ndiani anoonekwa sediki?

Kusvikira ikozvino, kune zvimwe kusanzwisisana munharaunda yeRussia pamusoro pezera iro zvinodhaka zvinodhaka zvinogona kutengwa. Vakawanda vachati nguva yakadaro yakave ichizivikanwa kwenguva refu - iyi ndiyo nguva yehuwandu. Zvisinei, mazhinji emaketani ezvitengesi anogona kutengesa doro kune vagari venyika kubva pazera remakore gumi nemaviri, uye hapana chimwe chinhu. Chii chinonzi murairo munyaya iyi?

Zvechokwadi, zvinhu zvose pano zviri nyore. Zvepamutemo, kutengeswa kwezvinwiwa zvinotenderwa kune vanhu vakasvika kusvika makore gumi nemasere. Zvisinei, matoro akawanda ane kodzero yekuisa mitemo yavo pachake uye kutengesa kune vanhu vakasvika makore makumi maviri (nenzira, tsika iyi yaiva muU.SR, uye ichiri kushandiswa munyika dzakawanda dzeWestern). Pane imwe imwe pfungwa yaunogona kubhadhara nayo: iyi ndiyo yekutanga kuwana kodzero yemutemo (makore gumi nematanhatu). Zvisinei, mutemo hauiti chinhu nezvekutengesa doro kuvanhu vakadaro.

Kutambudzwa kunokodzera mapurisa here?

Vakawanda veRussia vanonyatsoziva miterevhizheni yemapurisa pamusoro pekuti mapurisa anotora sei vatengesi vezvinodhaka zvisina kufanira "pachigaro". Mabasa akadaro akakodzera here? Ko murairo pamusoro pekutengesa doro kune vana unotaura nezvei? Zvakakosha kunzwisisa.

Kubva pakuona kwemareji, zviyero zvinotsanangurwa pamusoro apa, sezvavanotaura, parizvino. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti mutemo unotungamira basa rekutsvaga-tsvakurudzo haisi kupa kubatanidzwa mumabasa akadaro evana. Zvisinei, mapurisa anoshandisa mutemo wepamutemo, kurapa vechidiki kwete sevatori vechikamu mubasa racho, asi sevanotenga zvakananga. Uye zvisinei, matare ane kodzero yekudaidza avo vakarongedza mabasa akadaro kuakazvidavirira (maererano neChitsauko 14.16 cheMitemo yeZvipupuriro zveRussia Federation).

Kutengesa doro kune mwana muduku: kuongorora nyaya yacho

Ndeapi mitemo yepamutemo inodzora kurambidzwa kwekutengesa doro kune vana? Inotaura zvakananga kune mutoro mune zvinyorwa zvinotevera:

• FZ 171 ye 1995. Ndiyo bhiri iri rinotarisira kuwedzerwa kwezvinodhakwa zvinodhaka munharaunda yeRussian Federation.
• Chisungo che14.16 cheMitemo yeHurumende yeHurumende yeRussia (CoAO). Maererano naye, ndivo mapurisa anogadzira mitemo yose inodikanwa pamusoro pekuputsa mukutengesa doro. Kwete uye kutengesa doro kune vana.
• Chinyorwa 151.1 cheCriminal Code yeRussian Federation. Inoshandiswa apo chiito chatiri kufunga chiri kunze kweMitemo yeZvipupuriro Zvekutonga, uye naizvozvo haisi mhosva, asi mhosva chaiye. Maererano naro, mutengesi uyo akatengesa doro kumuduku mukutaridzwa kwepamusoro anogona kupiwa mhosva.

Zviripo zvekuputsa

Kutengesa kwezvinodhakwa zvinodhaka kunoonekwa sechisimba chakakanganisika kana chiitiko ichocho chekutengeswa chakazadzikiswa zvizere, kuziva kwevatengesi kunosimbiswa uye kutonga kwakakodzera kunotaurwa. Pakarepo zvakakosha kuziva kuti mari yekutengesa panzvimbo huru. Nokudaro, chirango chemari, maererano neChitsauko 14.16 cheMitemo yeZvipupuriro Zvokutungamirira, chinogona kuparadza zvachose chiduku chebhizimisi.

Uye zvakadini nekutengesa doro kusvika pasi pevane gumi nevasere semhosva? Munyaya iyi, kudzokorora kwechiito kunofanira kuonekwa. Zvakakosha kuisa nguva chaiyo pakati pekuputsa. Saka, kana iri pasi pemazuva makumi mapfumbamwe, ipapo chiito chacho chakatotorwa sechimhosva (chimiro chayo chiri chepamutemo). Muchiitiko ichi, chinangwa chekutengesa chichaonekwa sechinyatsojeka, uye naizvozvo chirango chichava chakakodzera.

Mutoro wekutengesa doro kuvana

Zvakakosha, pakupedzisira, kutarisana nechirango chairo nokuda kwekuputsa mubvunzo. Chii chinovhiringidza vatengesi vasina kutendeseka vekutengesa (kana kutizve kutengeswa) kwezvinhu zvinodhaka kune vana nevechiri kuyaruka? Ndeupi mubairo wekutengesa doro kuvana?

Munhu, maererano neMitemo yeZvipupuriro, Anomanikidzwa kubhadhara pakati pe30,000 ne50,000 rubles. Mukuru wehurumende anobva kubva kumazana kusvika kumazana mazana maviri emabhururi. Masangano epamutemo anotambura zvakanyanya. Nokudaro, nokuda kwechigumbuso chiri pasi pekufungidzirwa, vachafanira kuisa mabhiriyoni 300 kusvika kuzana mazana mashanu emabhururi muhomwe.

Zvakare zvakakosha kufunga nezvekusiyana kwechirango chakapiwa neCriminal Code yeRussian Federation. Tiri kutaura nezvemhosva, uye kunyanya, pamusoro pematambudziko apo chiziviso chekutengesa doro kune vana vaduku, kunyanya chaizvo, kusakwanisa kwekutengesa kwakadaro kusingatariswi, uye zvigadzirwa zvakadaro zvinosunungurwa kune vana kana vari kuyaruka pane imwe nzvimbo yekutanga kwemazuva 180. Saka, munyaya iyi mukana wehupfumi kusvika kumazana makumi mapfumbamwe emabhules kana kuti kururamisa kwekanguva kwegore rimwe inotangwa. Inogona kushandisa dare uye kurambidzwa kwekuita basa rinoitwa necashier kana mutengesi.

Ndeipi chirango chinogona kutarisira vatengesi vakapa doro kune vanhu vasina kusvika pane imwe nguva yakatarwa nechitoro? Zvinonzwisisika, isu tiri kutaura nezvekutengesa mitambo inogadzira mutemo wakafanana ("Tinotengesa doro kubva kumakore makumi maviri nemaviri"). Ndicho chikonzero chirango chacho chinosimbiswa nechitoro pachako (maererano nemutemo, tsanangudzo yemabasa, nezvimwewo).

Ko mutengesi anofanira kuitei?

Ngatitii mutengesi akavharirwa kutengesa doro kumusikana. Sezvinowanzoitika mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, anobvuma mhosva yake, anotaura nezvoupenzi hwake uye kutadza. Ndezvipi zvinogona kuwedzera kukura kwezviitiko? Mushandi mubasa rekutengeserana anofanira kubhadhara mukana mukuru uye izvi hazvigone kudziviswa munzira ipi zvayo? Nomutemo, zvinhu zvose zvinofanira kunge zvakadaro. Mutoro wekudzivisa zvose zvakafanana hahushandi, asi kuderedza chirango chacho chaicho chaizvo. Asi sei? Pane zvingasarudzwa zviviri. Imwe ndiyo yakajeka uye inobudirira zvikuru: kubvuma mhosva yako uye kukumbira hutengo hushoma. Chechipiri chisarudzo hachina kukodzera munhu wose. Zvichida kuti mutengesi achiri kubvunza muduku kudhipatimendi, uye akaiswa. Panguva imwecheteyo, pasipoti yaiva nezuva rakakodzera rokuberekwa. Zvadaro, zvakazoitika kuti magwaro aya akaratidza kuti akanga ari nhema kana kuti akabiwa. Chii chaunofanira kuita mumamiriro ezvinhu aya? Kana zvichibvira kune imwe nzira kuwana iyi duku kana kuti kugutsikana mutongi wezvokwadi yemamiriro ezvinhu (kuburikidza nevhidhiyo kutarisa, uchapupu hwehuchapupu, nezvimwewo), zvino zvingave zvichikwanisika kuderedza chirango kana kuti hachingateverwi zvachose.

Iyo chete nzira yakarurama yekudzivisa mutoro wekuputsa kwakadaro, sekutengeswa kwedoro kune vana (chikamu 14.16 cheMutungamiri weKurumende yeRussian Federation) nguva dzose inoda zvinyorwa kubva kune vechidiki.

Mhedziso

Mitumbi yekuongorora yeRussian Federation yakangwarira kuve nechokwadi chokuti kutengesa doro kune vechidiki hakuiti. Kubva pano uye zvikwereti zvakakura zvakadaro zvinotungamirirwa, sekutonga, pane kuparadzwa kwenzvimbo yekutengesa. Kazhinji, nokuda kwechinangwa ichi, Rosalkogolregulirovanie anosarudza kubva muchitoro chireisheni chekutengesa doro.

Sezvatotaurwa, matanho anotsanangurwa pamusoro apa okudzivisa kutengesa doro pamwe nekubatana kwevana vaduku kunotsanangurwa muHurumende yeRussia. Zvinoshamisa kuti makore mashomanana akapfuura, kusvika munaDisemba 2013, nokuda kwechikanganiso chakafanana, pakanga pane zvakasiyana zvakakwana zvekurangwa. Chiyero chemari yakanaka hachikwanisi kudarika mabhiriki mashanu, uye chirango chemari kubva kumunhu akatadza chakanga chakatongerwa chete kana akayambuka mutemo kakawanda. Zvechokwadi, mari yakadaro yakawanda yakanga isiri iyo chipingamupinyi kune vamwe vashambadziri, uye kurasikirwa kwakaitwa kwakabatanidzwa nezvibereko kubva pakutengesa doro. Izvi zvinoitika kuti mushure meDecember 2013, mari yakabhadharwa kubva kusangano rezvemitemo yekutengesa doro kune vagari pasi pemakore gumi nemasere yakawedzera kanomwe, izvo zvinoreva, zvakaenzana nekukura kwekumwa zvakasimba nevechiri kuyaruka.