Kwakadaro nokupomerwa shoko "plebeian" ... Ndiani ichocho?

In Russian, shoko "plebeian" yava pachena kunaka, okuzvidza zvaanoreva. Asi zvine kukodzera mafungiro akadaro kune pachako? Ko shoko rokuti "plebeian" - kureva kuti "muganhu", (izvo, sezvo tichiziva, havagoni kuenda "gopota" kana akanzi "yenguruve yakagadzirwa" Russian okuti Kalashny nhamba)? Eya, hongu uye kwete. Kuti tinzwisise kunzwisisa ichi pfungwa, zvinokosha yakawanda yokunyatsoongorora munhoroondo Rome yekare, uye kutaura zvazviri, panguva kuvambwa Eternal City. Kwakanga kusina patricians uye plebeians, vatenzi vavo. Asi kare kwavo chitarisiko zvimwe preconditions.

Kuguma "yendarama zera"

Kana iye-mhumhi Akarerwa Romulus akavamba guta rimwe zvikomo reRoma ichi, iye akataura nemiganhu yayo kurima. Mukati siyana ichi uye ndaisa vanhu vainzi vagari. Izvi inotungamirwa evanhu akadzingwa ne vakuru - varume kuti vakakura akanakidzwa nomukurumbira pakati pavanhu. Vakadaidzwa senex - Senior kana patres - Fathers. Gare gare mashoko aya akava 'maSeneta "uye" Patricia ". The yokupedzisira unonzi uye vana navazukuru vana vakuru.

Kwapera A remakore, yaiva vanhu vakaderera chaizvo, izvo akamuka yekudyidzana tichitarisa upenyu uye munzanga vamwe vagari veRoma. Zvakanaka uye plebeian? Uyu haana yakarova rombo kurarama pachikomo mukati denderedzwa akajekeswa Romulus. Havana vaiona vagari, haana kodzero yokushandisa zvaiita nyika. Izvi hazvirevi kuti vakanga murombo. Kwete, paiva pakati pavo avo vakabudirira muupenyu uye akakwanisa kutenga munda. Vaigona kuva nyanzvi dzokugadzira uye vatengesi vaduku. Asi kodzero vemo, vanhu ava havana kuva.

akaita sei plebeians?

Vagari veRoma akakura irrepressible kwete chete nokuda dzinongoitika kukura. It kukasawedzerwa varanda vakanga vakauya kubva rutsigiro rwemauto sezvo mikombe. Asi pakanga zvokuzvidira vatama. Vakauya kuRoma vachitsvaka nani upenyu, zvakaoma, musika a. Ava "kuuya vazhinji," zvemo vaigara muguta - vazukuru kumadzibaba - pakuzivikanwa se "plebs" (kubva rechiLatin rokuti plere, rinoreva "kuzadza").

Pakutanga, izvi nomutorwa vakawanda vaigara kunze kwemasvingo Rome, haruna kupomberwa kudzivirirwa kubva zvichibvira muvengi kurwiswa. Asi gare gare vakabvumirwa kugara ari muganhu guta. Zvino tsanangudzo "plebeian" zvishoma achinja. Shoko iri rinoreva munhu akasununguka kirasi munhu kushandisa mari, asi kwete kodzero dzezvematongerwo.

Plebeian - ndiani ichi?

Vagari veRoma yekare akanamata vanhu vakaderera. makirasi - kodzero uye mabasa amarudzi dzave kwakashanda zvizere. Tumira neporaboschennoe Vagari - iri plebeians - vakapesana pamwe dzemadzinza mitsetse ari Latins, Etruscans uye Sabines. Anogara ane zvenguva Danho pakati "vanhu veRoma" (zvizvarwa kunyange varombo, asi patricians) uye varanda vakanga vasina kodzero uye vakanga sevanhu chinhu ari pamutemo mupfungwa.

Ichi munzanga haisi kufara zvachose pamwe vamiririri plebs, uyo akashanda ari ndima vagari kushumira muhondo, uye saka, zvakare, ndinoda kubatanidzwa muupenyu muguta, uye (gare gare) Republic. Saka, pamwe V-III remakore BC dzakarwiwa munhu anotyisa kutamburira kodzero "mitemo". Uye pakupedzisira zvakabudirira. Ane III. BC. e. kuti mubvunzo: "plebeian - ndiani uyu" - vakatevera anozvikudza mhinduro: "A azere nhengo Roman People." For nhengo dzekirasi iyi yakaguma chikwereti muuranda, uye ivo kuwana tisarudze zvinzvimbo Hwakakwirira Council of Magistracy. Rich plebeians vane patricians yairema kwamachinda.

Kodzero kuvhota, kana "Chingwa circuses!"

Pakutanga, madhorobha varombo vane mukana wokusarudza ari muDare tribunes. machinda aya akaumba mumwe muviri unokosha - the plebiscite. A avanoziva shoko, handiti? Muna 287 BC. e. Vagari vatsva ava zvinodiwa - uye pachimwe mairi - kuti muviri ichi nezvemirau akava fanira vose vagari Rome. Sezvo vakawanda varombo uye disenfranchised vanhu vanofanira kuremekedzwa. Zvino kuvabatsira kuti avo basa nekodzero.

Asi gare gare, mumazuva muumambo hwacho, kuti placate zviri plebs uye kutsausa kubva nezvinetso zvamagariro, vatongi veRoma akatanga kuparadzira zvokudya dzomumaguta murombo uye kuronga chiseko - mitambo yokurwisana yetsiva. Saka kubva ipapo, uye akaenda: nokufadzwa shoma mambo dziri terevhizheni, umo uropi anobatana nehurumende manyepo. Zvino zvokufungidzira: a plebeian - ndiani ichi?