Mapfupa okumusoro nemakumbo dzevanhu

Nokuti maoko marangwanda munhu inosanganisira mapfupa yokumusoro richiripo uye papfudzi. Kuripo, kunze ruoko mapfupa, mira kunze kunyange mapfundo nemarunda sezvikamu dzayo. Upper Makumbo akaumbwa: mafudzi mapfupa, emberi, maoko (chiningoningo, metacarpal uye phalanges).

Zviri humerus

Ichi nhengo dzomuviri kuri refu tubular pfupa. Zvinosanganisira vanonzi muviri uye epiphysis 2: okumusoro distal proximal. Upper Front fudzi bhandi ane woita chimiro, uye rezasi - mativi. Bandauko vagari ndiyo remubatanidzwa pamwe rokumusoro epiphysis glenoid fossa reza. mapfupa ose ari marangwanda anoumbwa okumusoro ehomwe muviri uye epiphyses uye chokuita nomumwe.

Marongerwo uye kushanda ulna

Maererano anatomical maumbirwo ulna uye nharaunda anoreva honokono. Ulnar rine muzvizhinji kare mapfupa tubular, uye miviri (the proximal uye distal epiphysis). Nechepasi riri muchimiro mapfupa trihedron, yava rinorondedzerwa micheto vari inotevera mazita: mberi (chanza), posterior (dorsal) interosseous (yokunze). The pamberi kumucheto pfupa ane tenderera chimiro. The shure zvakare odzokera zvishoma. Interosseous pamucheto ane wakananga chimiro uye rakatarisana TOUR pfupa.

Kusiyana distal, proximal epiphysis zvakawanda thickened. Trochlear notch, riri mairi iri yakafukidzirwa articular shwashwa. Izvi zvakakodzera kuitira vakadzima pamucheto pfupa panguva dzose yokumusoro gumbo kufamba. At kumigumo trochlear notch riri zvinoshandiswa: coronary uye ulna. The pamberi pechiso pfupa riri pazasi coronoid muitiro ane nematambudziko marongerwo.

Okumusoro epiphyses pamusoro nharaunda uye ulna pamusoro ruoko anosangana mumwe kuburikidza majoini. Chero kubatana mapfupa vaikudzwa Mbabvu - iri kunzwisisa mashandiro, kunyanya munzvimbo kugokora. Kana makuvaro kwakaitika uye zvakakanganisa kugokora pamwe kana ichiparara mapfupa mairi, zvichaitwa siyana zvokuita uye mashandiro nyanzvi, pamberi kugokora anogona kushanda zvakare.

The lateral divi (chokunze penyika) rokumusoro muzvidimbu nhengo dzinosanganisira nokuveza danda, mumwe rusesi nokuda panopindwa TOUR musoro. Izvi mhango nokuti nechemberi pfupa uye pfupa pachayo kuumba proximal vadyi pamusoro honokono.

Kufanana lateral chinoumba distal epiphysis, uye panguva posteromedial dhipatimendi ane styloid chichiitwa, izvo zvakafanira kuti nani boka finite zvinhu. Tinoona kuti zvakaoma chaizvo kuwana ulna, iyo pamwe chete danda anoumba mapfupa yokumusoro richiripo. Human anatomi - maumbirwo nhengo dzose uye hurongwa, kusanganisira mapfupa uye mapfundo vake Mbabvu - hapana zvakasiyana chepuraimari.

The nharaunda rokumusoro richiripo

Musiyano maviri zvinoumba ari honokono ndechokuti distal kuguma nharaunda zviri mukobvu kupfuura proximal mugumo. nekuguma ichi unoumba munhu woita musoro, iro rine sandara rusesi epiphysis. Nokuda kwaizvozvo pane zvakarurama kunovhengana mafupa. Ndiwo musoro pamwe pamusoro. Nechemberi kurutivi nharaunda pane chikamu chiri kukonzera kubatana pakati biceps tsandanyama pamusoro pamafudzi rwakashodoka. The STRUCTURAL zvinhu zviri chokuita zvemaoko pachishandiswa muhombe mapfupa radiotherapy distal epiphysis. Rezasi epiphysis nharaunda uye ulna, kana zvabatanidzwa zvinoumba radioulnar rwakashodoka.

Features chiningoningo

Pfupa romunhu yokumusoro muzvidimbu panofanira pfupi zvinhu yakarongwa 2 yamahwindo (proximal uye distal), uye tine kujairika chimiro. In zvemaoko ngachipiwe ari muchimiro curved paburi, iro convexity pakati rakatarisana seri ruoko.

Mugore proximal mutsara ndiwo mapfupa diki kuti vanonzi maererano chimiro chavo: kirisendi-zvakaumbwa, chikepe serin'i, mativi. Uyewo, pano pane achiri pisiform pfupa riri pedyo ari Palms pose ane trihedral maatomu akafanana. Distal chete nhamba kuumba trapezoid, capitate uye hamate mapfupa. Kuti aite mabasa ayo, vose STRUCTURAL zvinoriumba zvakarongwa kuitira kuti havasi mune imwe ndege. mapfupa Carpal dzevanhu proximal musara okumusoro wamativi vanoumba ellipsoidal kuzvimba. Hwakabatana kune distal epiphysis rokumusoro kumugumo nemwaranzi. Uye uwandu distal mapfupa articulates pamwe metacarpal.

Mapfupa yokumusoro richiripo

The metacarpal phalanges vakaumba mapfupa tubular (pamwe chete epiphysis), vane muviri, zvaiva musoro. Vari curved, pamwe convex divi rakatarira kurutivi necheshure bhurasho. The distal wamatanda chiningoningo mapfupa zvakabatana nezvigadziko zvadzo, uye musoro - pamwe pakutanga phalanges. Vakuru mapfupa metacarpal yakabatana mujinga proximal phalanx, uye musoro wavo mugove articulates pamwe pakutanga distal phalanges iri. munwe ose ane 3 phalanges: yacho proximal, pakati, distal. Zvisinei, kuti thumbs vaviri chete.

Mumwe phalanx, uyewo mamwe mapfupa ose okumusoro wamativi, iro anatomi iyo kunorondedzerwa kumusoro, anewo nechigadziko muviri uye musoro. Asi maitiro avo kuti vari vakamiswa mumwe shure mumwe. Muchiitiko chino, zvose phalanges matatu pane chimwe chete epiphysis wechokwadi. The proximal Chikamu chiningoningo vane rimwe buri yavanofanira chokuita inotevera pfupa. phalanges Middle uye distal vari siyanei kubva proximal, sezvo ivo mwena maviri Joint. pakadzika izvi vane sandara chimiro, zvakakuparadzanisai pavo zvidiki scallops. Ose okupedzisira phalanx munhu munwe pamusoro tapered zvishoma, flattened uye roughened.

Bone wakasununguka yokumusoro mutezo mumwe remubatanidzwa

All mapfupa vari interconnected majoini zvinoita munhu kufamba nokusingaperi. Remubatanidzwa yokumusoro muzvidimbu mapfupa, clavicle, uye scapula waimiririra tichibatanidza maviri aiwanzopiwa wokushanda majoini: thoracal mhesano pamwe mubato kumagumo clavicle uye sternum acromial acromion ayo mativi pamwe mashizha. Next chipande tsapo - rokumusoro transverse, ane chimiro pfupi mutete danda, raakazoita pamusoro incision chipasa. Opening nokuti kusimudzira tsinga uye tsinga inoumbwa ne transverse shwashwa pamwe kucheka kazhinji ossified. Muvanhu, mapfupa mamiriro okumusoro wamativi ndiyo tefa chaizvo.

Acromioclavicular vagari anogona kufamba chero mirayiridzo, asi kakawanda kufamba yakaderera. Rinovatadzisa kubva rostral-clavicular shwashwa. Rakakamurwa rectangular uye mativi shwashwa. Quadrilateral ari trapezoid chimiro, mumwe mativi - cone. Vose nemarunda kune mumwe ari necheparutivi.

Description of papfudzi muhudyu

Mapfupa yokumusoro muzvidimbu sangano inoita basa rinokosha bandauko rwakashodoka. Fudzi vagari inoumbwa musoro mukuru humerus uye glenoid mhango pakati chipande. mhango Izvi denderedzwa serin'i, anopindura chimwe muzvina kwenzvimbo yacho musoro, zvishoma concave. Glenoid muromo kuripo mariri, inowedzera congruence pamusoro connective zvinyama, akafukidza hyaline shwashwa. kwemajoini Kamudzira ane rusununguko rwokufamba, saka unogona inounganidzwa ari mipendero pamwe ashaye mafupa. Zvakasimbisa tsandanyama, mapfupa, iri pamapfudzi rwakashodoka. humeral musoro zvakasimba wakaiswa tsandanyama nemarunda ari pamwe mhango. In rezasi nechemberi pamafudzi pamwe tsandanyama hatisi. It akapoteredzwa mucous mabhegi, iyo anosangana chete glenoid mhango.

Blood pamapfudzi mapfundo anomuka kuburikidza mberi uye neshure tsinga iri kumativi okumusoro ruoko mafupa. Izvi remubatanidzwa mapfupa ari pafoni chaizvo, hazvina kunoratidzwa anotevera: kutenderera, dzeraundi inofamba, uyewo, flexion, kutapa, nokusanganisa. Muvanhu, mapfupa okumusoro migumo vari siyanei, asi yeimwe zvayakaita zvakafanana.

Kunzwisisa kugokora muhudyu

Kugokora vagari achiumbwa pakati wekutanga, ari ulna uye nharaunda. It ane zviduku majoini nhatu mukati ichi kubatana guru:

• humeroulnar;
• brachioradialis;
• radioulnar.

Nemhaka mekamudzira aka mukuru mhango ikashandiswa kuva kunzwisisa vadyi zvinenge zvakazara hyaline shwashwa.

Humeroulnar uye brachioradialis majoini kushanda pamwe chete kuti kuti flexion uye uyewo uye radioulnar munyaya kufamba pamusoro honokono. Various inofamba yakakonzerwa vakawanda netsandanyama. kunzwisisa mashandiro kwakadaro hahugoni kuvapo pasina rubatsiro. Rutsigiro ichi panguva pejoinhi iri chimiro ulnar uye TOUR nemarunda. Ivo andikomberedze musoro mapfupa yokumusoro richiripo. Human anatomi rakagadzirwa zvokuti izvi zvichiitika vadyi kudzivirira vachikotama negwara risiri.

vari sei mapfupa honokono?

The nharaunda uye ulna dziri pedyo, uye mugumo chokuita pejoinhi. Epiphysis pezvivako idzi zvakabatanidzwa kune distal uye proximal majoini. It ane Kamudzira kuti ndiko kutanga yakadzika tsandanyama yokumusoro muzvidimbu mugove kuna chisungo simba pakati mapfupa aya. Yokumusoro kubatana (proximal) ndiko chinokosha kugokora ezasi chiito tisingatungamirirwi. Distal radioulnar remubatanidzwa chakaparadzaniswa duku chiningoningo articular disk. It ane chimiro netriangle pamwe concave hukawanika nendiro.

The nemamiriro chiningoningo muhudyu

mapfupa Carpal chokuita kuti TOUR pfupa achibatsirwa ari articular hukawanika ari dhisiki uye kubatana zvevanhu vose. The proximal mapfupa carpal pamisara zvikuru interconnected, saka articular pamusoro - iyi ndiyo imwe nzvimbo pamusoro chikamu chiningoningo. Iye, chokwadi, isingasviki pemvura nharaunda, zvokuti Disc muchimiro netriangle kunobatsira kubatanidza vaviri pamwe zvakasiyana kadikidiki nzvimbo. Uyezve, zvinobatsira kusiyanisa mukomboni ulna, izvo akapoteredzwa nemarunda kumativi ose.

Izvo majoini zvinobatanidzwa unobatanidza mapfupa ruoko minwe?

Bone mumakwenzi vari interconnected pachishandiswa mapfundo matatu:

1. Srednezapyastny. Riri pakati mapfupa rokutanga uye rechipiri wamatanda zvemaoko. On hukawanika zviviri chiningoningo (emichindwe shure) pane nemarunda zhinji. Izvi imhaka yokuti maoko vari kushingaira kushanda, vanofanira kuita kufamba duku, vanobwembura, unbend. nemarunda ichi simba anonzi vanopenya nemarunda yacho chiningoningo.
2. Carpometacarpal. Four mapfupa metacarpal vane chimwe Kamudzira uye vagari ndege. The vagari of thumbs kuparadzaniswa nedzimwe.

Nomunwe mapfupa chokuita mumwe achishandisa metacarpophalangeal uye interphalangeal majoini. Kunze izvi, kuchine vazhinji simba nemarunda pamusoro mumwe munwe kuti kunoita munhu kufonyora uye unbend minwe. Sezvaunogona kuona, nemamiriro yokumusoro dzevanhu gumbo riri nani yakaoma, asi nekuda kwaizvozvi zvakasiyana mufambo.