Tsandanyama: tsandanyama mifananidzo, basa, chinangwa

Zvishoma isingasviki hafu muviri uremu weveta tsandanyama. Mhando tsandanyama vanoparadzaniswa zvichienderana chinangwa, mashandiro, kuzviisa pasi kuti tsinga, nemamiriro ose fibers. Pasina pavo hazvibviri kufamba mu zvakatipoteredza, kwerunyararo sevamwe dzinotsanagura upenyu uye kugara munyika ezvinhu.

Locomotor midziyo

Marangwanda uye tsandanyama anoumba munhu puranga. Mapfupa vanoshumira se akatakura mutoro-zvivako. Skeletal tsandanyama vane connective zvinyama akabatana navo. Ivo, kusiyana mapfupa, muri kuchinja uye zvinogona akaremara.

chikuru basa ravo - marwadzo uye kutandara - zvigoneke kuenda munhu muchadenga. Skeletal tsandanyama vane basa izvi, kushanda panheyo zvireruke. The pusa Chikamu tsandanyama (mudzira) wanamatira pfupa panguva optimum nguva chokupika basa. Chimwe chikamu zvakabatana munhu aiwanzopiwa wokushanda skeletal nzvimbo.

In nzvimbo pfupa muhudyu ndiro pejoinhi iri yavo vogadzira kubatana. Tiine rutapudzo kuti tsandanyama simba chinopfuudzwa kuburikidza mudzira achaita mapfupa kutama.

tsandanyama maitiro

The muviri womunhu ari segmented. Muscle (tsandanyama mhando vanoonekwa vari Photo pamusoro) havasi akaisa inotungamirwa, vari muzvikamu. For kwakarongeka basa inoda kudzorwa. Apo kufamba maoko nemakumbo ari rutapudzo zvimwe tsandanyama kwete chete. Panguva iyoyowo yaro antagonist relaxes. Mugore neizvi muitiro kuchinja mashandiro: nayo relaxes flexor uye extensor anodzoka chimwe chikamu muviri kuti nzvimbo yaro yepakutanga.

Kwemashoko skeletal tsandanyama rwokufamba inotongwa uropi. Izvi ndizvo pamwero zvadzinoitwa pfungwa dzevanhu. Zvino chikwata pamusoro dzinokosha kufamba asina kupiwa chaiyo, vachiri ndiripo vavariro, asi pfungwa dzavo vanobva vangomutsirwa tinoshandurirwa dzinonyatsozikanwa anonongedzera kuti tsandanyama.

Pane imwe gadziriro tsandanyama, unova kuda munhu haasi rinoteerera zvachose (involuntary). Zvikurukuru ndiwo tsandanyama ose zvomukati. Cardiac tsandanyama inomira zvavo ari oga boka. It anocheka munhu haana kudzora uye haaoni pasi kwomuzvarirwo ezvinhu. Mashandiro anoita tsandanyama mudumbu, dundira, bowel, vascular masvingo zvakasiyana. Asi dzinonyanya chinangwa - ndiko kuramba chairo muviri zvakanaka chimiro uye kuti kuvatendera kuita zvakakodzera mabasa.

Tsandanyama: mhasuro mhando

Ivo dzinoiswa maererano zvinoverengeka. The chikuru weboka iri chokuita chimwe chinangwa. Secrete skeletal tsandanyama uye nhengo dzomukati. Pamadiro anonyanya tsandanyama vanowanzova transverse kuti internet mirayiridzo, uye involuntary (zvemukati) - pachaenzaniswa.

Zvichienderana nzvimbo vaiita tsandanyama musoro, maoko nemakumbo, mutumbi. Kubva worudzii basa ravanoita, pakati pavo kuona flexors uye extensors. By basa pakati tsandanyama Munokudzwa synergists, kureva kuita zvakafanana mashandiro, uye mhandu kuita vanopikisa. In chimiro vanogona kuva: pfupi uye mikobvu, refu uye dzakaonda. Latissimus vari sandara tsandanyama ari shure. Ivo basa kudhonza pafudzi kuti mutumbi uye maoko zvisingakuvadzi shure akabatana ari nomuzongoza.

Kana tsandanyama apo yokuderedza muzvidimbu pedyo muviri, zvino richinzi kutungamirira. In nevakomana Kana tinotaura nezvebasa iri nzira yokubudisa. Kana kuti vachishandisa kutenderera muviri (musoro, honokono, rokumusoro ruoko), izvo semhosva muhombe.

Pane kupesana zvichienderana nokuwanda guru tsapo ose fibers: ari biceps (biceps), triceps (ruoko extensor), quadriceps hudyu. Kune zvina zvinoumba ari tsandanyama (tsandanyama mhando: dzakatwasuka, lateral, medial, zvenguva). The guru - the diaphragm, tsandanyama ari magaro, makumbo uye musana. The yakaderera iri nzeve. Akasimba - iri gumbo (mhuru) uye chewing musoro wake.

mamiriro

Muscle rinenge riri mumuviri womunhu rine masero. Vane elongated chimiro uye vanokwanisa kuderedza nokuda pamberi dzinokosha organelles (myofilaments).

Kune mhando mbiri faibha: chena uye tsvuku. The kupatsanura pakati hama iyi. Asi musiyano anogona kunzwisiswa nomuenzaniso huku nyama (zamu uye drumstick). The yokutanga chena. Mazamu ari nehuku haashandi kakawanda sezvinoita tibia. Mapapiro iye mafungu zvisingawanzoitiki, asi ivo vanokwanisa iri kuwedzera basa, achipa mukana kuti mumhepo.

Ukuwo, pamusoro makumbo inopfuura zvose upenyu. micheka yavo anogona kushanda kwenguva refu, asi haakwanisi zvakadaro kuwedzera basa. Mhuru tsandanyama mu huku thickly yakazara ine richikurukura capillaries (kubva ichi uye ruvara) nekuti vanoda simba (kuramba uye zvakakwana) nokuda kwerunyararo matauriro.

On yakafanana musimboti vakaronga tsandanyama muvanhu. Pane uchapupu hwokuti avhareji munhu michena uye tsvuku ari nhamba 4/6. Vatambi sprinters pane zvakasiyana mufananidzo. Vane anokurumidza chena tsandanyama vane mukana. Izvi pamwe kubudirira nokurovedza, asi kwete vose anokwanisa kushandurwa saizvozvo.

faibha mwanda

Skeletal tsandanyama ndiko kutsanya maronda. Mumasero zvinyama achiri guru, elongated uye polynuclear (anosvika 100 kana kupfuura). Kana tikafunga muchinjikwa-chikamu nemaikorosikopu, zvinoita sokunge striated rakatumbuka nokurohwa chiedza uye mavara matema (striated). Smooth tsandanyama rinenge rinoumbwa masero mononuclear. Vanonyanya homogeneous uye kwete sezvinoita elongated.

Skeletal tsandanyama aunganidzwa kubva pakutanga matanda (thinnest), wechipiri (makuru) uye zvakafanana. G. About. By nzira placement pachinhu akabatana ari nomuzongoza vanoparadzaniswa ngaatarire tsandanyama (rectus wokudhinda), mberi (dumbu, mukati dzokunze) uye transverse (rinotungamirirwa perpendicular kune wehunyambiri akabatana - lateral chipfuva tsandanyama).

Zvichienderana urongwa akapoteredza nemarunda dzavo akakamurwa zvakafanana (awned) uye dzeraundi (nemumuromo, rectal sphincter pamusoro nyinyo).

The jira kwomwoyo tsandanyama iri rinokosha. It rine hunyambiri-Musimboti masero (cardiomyocytes). Ivo zvakanyatsobatana, saka kuti fiyuzi umwe kuburikidza cytoplasm. Kunyanya cardiac tsandanyama - kukwanisa kushanda rhythmically uye akaramba.

basa

Kunyange pachena vakadzikama mamiriro tsandanyama tagadzirira kuti nokukurumidza rutapudzo achiri. Ichi chirwere inonzi matauriro. Tsinga nomunhu zviri kuramba kuuya ose nhengo wouropi. Pakakodzera nyora nhamba zvinoderedza, asi ivo vari zvakakwanira kupanana ruzivo. Pasina kuzvidzora kwakadaro zvaisazova zvinobvira kuchengeta muviri akanaka uye akatsiga nzvimbo.

Panobva simba dzokushanda tsandanyama riri adenosine triphosphate (ATP). It achiumbwa somugumisiro kunzwisisa dzinotevedzana glycogen kukamurwa. Masero simba achaendeswa kuburikidza muropa. Kubva ichi zvinoreva kuti zvose chinoumba tsandanyama anofanira dzine vakaruka capillaries, arteries uye mutsinga.

Dzinoramba dzichimhanya havasi kukwanisa, tinofanira kuzorora. Kana ichi vangosiyiwa, ipapo akaderedza waivako kunoratidzwa kupomba conduction abnormalities uye mukupindura tsinga dzishande. With mitoro zvikuru vaunganidza metabolic zvigadzirwa, izvo kunotadzisa dzakafanana kuparadzirwa pulses.

localization

The muviri womunhu yakavakirwa panheyo bilateral symmetry, saka zvose zvikuru tsandanyama aiwanzopiwa wokushanda kana rinoumbwa sezvikamu zviviri. Zvayaiva kumusoro vanobatanidzwa chiso maronda, zvichiita kuti manzwiro (mufaro, kusuruvara, kutya, mufaro). Chimwe basa rinokosha - basa mouthparts (dög, kumedza). ivowo anopa ziso basa (yeziso kufamba, achibwaira anopenya).

Pamutsipa tsandanyama anomutsa uye lowers musoro wake, anoshandura uye anotsigira musana mbiru akabatana. SARS kusiyanisa kumberi uye musana. Tinosiyaniswa yokumusoro chikamu (basa papfudzi bhandi); bhokisi (kufema); abdominal (dumbu inzwi). Kudeuka mugove yokupedzisira Lats. Kuwedzera pokuita kuwedzera ruoko uye dzakaita raundi fambisa maoko, vanoumba musana, pazasi mbabvu, muviri puranga, kufukidza itsvo uye chiropa. Active panguva kushambira, tichishanda befu, kukwidza mbabvu rezasi.

Pamberi, kumusoro, zvichiita guru pectoral tsandanyama kuti nhau yacho. The abdominal nzvimbo akavigwa kwazvo uye dzakaonda transverse tsandanyama. Kuti unodzivisa giravhiti uye anoramba ari kugara pakati womukati ezvinhu ari abdominal mhango. Pamwechete wokudhinda chendangariro padumbu ndege.

On Nzvombo panosangana hunde uye maoko nemakumbo ezasi nzvimbo inokosha gluteus Maximus (guru, unosvikirwa, diki). On pechidya vangazivikanwa semimembranosus, biceps, pfupi, refu uye hombe zvinoisa. Shin - gastrocnemius, soleus. Uye tsoka - flexors uye extensors eminwe.

Basa nokuti muviri

Pasina zvakakodzera basa evanhu tsandanyama anogona atrophy. Zvinonzi vakacherechedza kuti pane mutoro masero shoma vari yoku- mumwe nomumwe vhiki mbiri. Mumitambo zvinoitika kakawanda. Kukura tsandanyama rinenge pamwe mamwe uremu kana loadings kunoitika nokuti kuti chikamu chezvinhu tsandanyama fibers raputsika. The muviri kunoita kuti apore, masero matsva kukura, yakafanira yoku-. Izvi pamwe kuwedzera inzwi ravo uye uremu.

Kuwedzera Implementation pakati cardiac basa, kuramba muviri chimiro, ichipa hunyambiri chinzvimbo uye kwebasa tsandanyama zvinoita uye nezvimwe, zvakafanana zvinokosha maitiro kutaura (dokeriro uye rurimi), kufema (diaphragm), kugaya (yegurokuro, mataurire mudumbu, ura). Rinotiudzawo kuti excretion pakati metabolic zvigadzirwa (dundira, iyo sphincter yacho mugaranhoko).

Kana involuntary tsandanyama basa munhu haasi kukwanisa kudzora zvemasanga (chinoumba tsandanyama) anogona kunyange kudzidzisa. Eya, kuva nemararamiro ane utano uye kuramba muviri zvakanaka chaiko chimiro, sezvo chikazozikamwa, ndiko kuti utano hwakanaka uye rugare rwepfungwa.

Zvino unoziva basa muchinangwa tsandanyama dzomuviri. Mhando tsandanyama dzinosiyana nechivako dzavo uye mabasa.