Mavakirwo India yekare. Zvakakurukurwa mavakirwo India yekare. temberi India

India imwe nyika shoma kuti anenge aine tsika, kwete chete maererano zvipfeko, akasiyana siyana ounyanzvi asiwo mapurani. Tsika India yekare vari kuchengetwa zvinenge zvose. Kuti uone ichi, chete kushanyira guta chero munyika ino. mitsetse Perfect zvakafanana akayangarara mudenga zvakafanana norwonzi muzvivako - ichi hazvigoni kuwanikwa neimwe tsika. Architecture of Ancient India, Chokwadi, rakasiyana nomumwe kunogona kuonekwawo mumaguta ano. Asi, zvakadaro, kuti zvakanga hwaro chivakwa ose, kana ari hotera ano kana tembere.

Architecture of India sechikamu tsika yacho

VaHindu vekare vaiva zvakasikwa sechinhu unimaginably guru uye chikuru. Ndicho izvi pamusoro uri vakawanda uye mavakirwo zvikuru. Zvivako zvekare India, zvisinei chinokosha kukuvadza, kushamiswa neDare ukuru uye uchenjeri. Reupenyu interweaving nyika ouzivi nenziyo sevakanga chando pabwe - zviri chaizvo zviri kuonekwa chaiwo Indian mapurani. Uchibvuma kuti hazvibviri kuti kufungidzira pasina yekare India netemberi uye muzinda zvivako, akashongedzwa zvivezwa, mifananidzo, matunhu domes uye spiers akafukidzwa nendarama.

Mavakirwo India vekare zvakabatana chaizvo pamwe kufamba wehurumende ichi echitendero. Reliefs, kufukidza zvakawanda masvingo zvezvivako vekare, angamuudza zvakawanda pamusoro nemaonero pakati maIndia, uyewo kuwana zvakavanzika zvavo kare.

Nevamwe zviri Indian mapurani

Chii chakasiyana nezvimwe mavakirwo India yekare? Rondedzera muchidimbu mamiriro ayo anogona kuva nemashoko anotevera: chimiro, ruvara uye kupindirana zvivako pamwe yakapoteredza nzvimbo uye monumentality zvizere. Zvizhinji pfungwa rwakabhadharwa kuna muudzame ezvivako kupedza: kushongedzwa pamadziro, denga remba uye kunyange padenga. Nokuda mamiriro ichi, hwakawanda huripo akafanana norwonzi, pasinei ukuru hwaro. Izvi zvinonyanya kuoneka kana achitarisa pazvavovo uye guta kure kana kubva mumhepo.

Zvakakurukurwa mavakirwo India yekare ndiwo ari sacral zvichireva kuri mumashoko ose kuvaka nechimwe. temberi Anoshamisa yakavakwa pamusoro zano chete, zvinorondedzerwa muna mabhuku echitendero. Asi kunyange zvakadaro, kuvaka ose izere unhu. Kumwe kunze yomukati hukawanika masvingo Bhanabhasi-mifananidzo zvine nyama, uye mune zvimwe zviitiko huru zvakakukurudzira inova yorudzii nyaya muupenyu vanhuwo zvavo, madzimambo kana vamwari.

Chii yakavakwa India?

Zvokuvakisa umo kuIndia yekare kuzomisa zvivako, zvakasiyana zvichienderana nzvimbo. Nokuti kuchamhembe mumaruwa yakanga inozivikanwa nokushandisa ibwe, zvidhina namatanda, uye kurutivi rwezasi - huni uye kupiswa zvinogumbura. Papera chinguva, chikuru chivakwa zvinhu pakuvaka kwavo uye dzimwe simbi reraimu matombo. Zviri zvakare chakajairika chepfungwa ndivo bako matemberi, dzakanga akatema padombo monolithic. Kusvika panguva yekare Indian mapurani tembere anomiririrwa ibwe zvivako sezvo matanda uye zvidhina zvivako vasina zvakachengetedzwa kwaro yepakutanga chimiro.

guta rekare Indian

Kuti kunyatsonzwisisa zvakanga mavakirwo India yekare, kubvumira kuzoita zvisaririra emaguta Dholavira, Lothal, uye Kalibangan Rahilvari. A chaiwo marongerwo aya ekare Indian vanhu, zvinosanganisira 3 zvikamu (paShushani kana nhare, rezasi uye yokumusoro cheguta) richiri kushandiswa nevakawanda zvakakwana, asi siyanei akamboona. Exploring nzvimbo yekare maguta India, matongo aigona kamwe zvakare nechokwadi chokuti munyika ino zvemakore paiva svinga nzanga pahwaro kuva imwe vanhu vakaderera. Saka, pedyo wenhare mudzimba ndekwaMwari nevanokudzwa uye vakaparadzaniswa apasi muguta, apo akararama nyanzvi dzokugadzira uye varombo, miviri yevhu rusvingo.

Absolutely yakasiyana nemamwe maguta unhu vapiwe Lothal - chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha dzokutengeserana maguta pamhenderekedzo India. Nhare hamuna iri pakati peguta, uye pane imwe kunonyanyisa kure nemhenderekedzo, uye muganhu pakati okumusoro guta yakaitwa yakarurama mutsetse mhami mumugwagwa. Kuti tidzivise mafashamo kwedzimba, amire pedyo napedyo mumvura, vakanga vachivaka pakakwirira pachikuva madhaka zvidhinha.

temberi India

Vamwe vanhu vanofunga kuti avo vanoda kuti Kunyatsoziva Chiitiko pakati mavakirwo India yekare, zvakakodzera kuti outorwa kuti temberi yaiva munyika ino. Uye ichi ichokwadi. manyorerwo awo uye marongerwo handishanduki kunyange pashure 8 zvemakore kubva pakutanga kwayo inotungamirwa. Chii ndiro yavo rutivi? Chekutanga, ndiko urongwa hwavo. Zvisinei kwayo nzvimbo uye ukuru, zvose temberi India une zvinotevera musha:

• Cavern (garbhabriha) - pasi mahwindo rimwe pasi-zvichipfuura, izvo dzimba huru temberi mwari chifananidzo;
• Wiman - domed shongwe kana shpilevidnoy fomu chirefu pamusoro tsvene;
• zvakaitika kumativi tsvene - pradakshinapatha pairi vashanyi temberi vanokurudzirwa kuti pavaigona kutora chikepe chaienda huru temberi rutumba;
• mukhamandapa - diki mukoridho unobatanidza tsvene yetemberi, pamwe Imba huru yaro, kushandiswa senzvimbo chekuchengeta nzvimbo dzechitendero uye chitendero zvinhu, zvibayiro;
• mandapa - kamuri, iri pakati huru wokupinda kutemberi uye tsvene, pane vomuchechi kuita mabasa echitendero;
• pamberi temberi dziri flagpoles uye mifananidzo kumakomo dzavamwari vari vakanamata (mwari Vishnu - Garuda, Shiva - nzombe Nandini, etc ...);
• pachivanze mutemberi musi iwoyo zvinoenderana huru gedhi uye tsvene ndiyo aritari nezvibayiro;
• akarikomberedza temberi rusvingo shongwe, mujinga izvo kazhinji ndivo okuwedzera gedhi kana rutumba vanamwari satellites (Lakshmi, Hanuman Subramanya and said.).

Nanhasi, vose canons ose kuvakwa zvakasimba kutevedzerwa, uye anopa Indian dzepatemberi zest chete.

The kupfuura unoshamisa Monuments of architecture India

Architectural kusiyana Indian mutemberi iri achangopfuura makore kuwana mamiriyoni vachivakuza. Kuti tibatsirwe zvizere mweya India yekare, muna wakaderera hofori muzvivako munokosha kushanyira dzimwe nemamwe nzvimbo. Izvi zvinosanganisira kunzwisisa temberi nhatu Khajuraho, izvo vakasiyana nevamwe zvakawanda zvikuru nezviduku yakanyungudutswa zvevakadzi (apsaras uye Sura-sundari) kuti kana wambomira zvishoma kwechinguva, asi munguva pfupi zvakare zakruzhatsya kutamba. Kukwikwidzana temberi anogona kuva kunze kuti chando-chena machena Ranakpur, dzinodzengerera pa 1444 pembiru.

Temberi yakanaka kwazvo uye kwazvo yakashongedzwa yekare Indian riri kumadokero kumahombekombe Ganges. Iyi ndiyo 'temberi yendarama' chete kuIndia, nekuti kumugumo wake akaenda vanenge tani yakaisvonaka anokosha simbi. Asi temberi kupfuura kujairika uye anoshamisa runoonekwa kuva Kailasa temberi - akavezwa mudombo mutemberi Ishe Shiva. Pasinei chokwadi kuti vavaki vayo kuvaka akashandisa yakasarira maturusi kushongedzwa umhare mbiru uye zvivezwa ari zvinoorora nemano, zvakarurama uye nenyama.