Nguva Troubles muRussia

Nguva Troubles munhau reRussia igomba dambudziko kukanganisa dzimwe nyika mutemo, magariro, zveupfumi uye zvokunamata zvoupenyu hwavo. Kutanga kwezana rechi16 uye rechi17 emakore, rakaenderana pavanotaurirana nemapoka boyarskie, chimwe nechimwe wakatsvaka simba. Zvinenge njodzi iri kuonekwa Nguva Troubles mu Russia.

Zvinokonzera matambudziko dzaiva zvoupfumi kuparadzwa ehurumende, kuwedzera evanhu kusawirirana sezvo pamusana wokuLivonia hondo (kubvira 1558 kusvika 1583) uye oprichnina. The chikuru zvechadenga iyi zvinosanganisira kupindira vanyengeri, kusava. Vamwe vanyori vanowanzomuitira kufunga Nguva Troubles mu Russia muhondo yokutanga yevagari.

Iyi yakanga zvinofungidzirwa vakararama, sezvo nguva "shatosti", "uropi kunyara" akaita somugumisiro yokurwisana uye ropa Kusanzwisisana.

Nguva Troubles vakatanga dynastic dambudziko kuRussia. Chevaux Ivan Grozny achiuraya mwanakomana wake Ivan. Akasvika simba, wechipiri - Fedor. Mwanakomana wechitatu Dmitry akafa. Vazhinji panguva vaidavira kuti ekupedzisira akanga vakabayiwa evatsigiri Boris Godunov, chaizvoizvo airidza basa mutongi munyika. Pakafa mwana Fyodor Godunov akauya simba. Saka, mamiriro akarasikirwa wokupedzisira mugari wenhaka Rurik.

Godunov kwainzi mutongi akachenjera uye akasimba, asi kumisa Knights chivande kwakakundikana.

Izvi zvakateverwa kukohwa murombo, izvo zvakakonzera nzara. Zvakaguma wokutanga mumagariro kuputika. Panguva iyoyowo, neutera Russia akakurumidza kushandisa Rzeczpospolita (pamwe Polish-Lithuanian). Panguva iyoyowo Poland ane Lzhedmitry I (Grigoriy Otrepev, Galich jendurumani vaizviti vachapona mwanakomana Ivana Groznogo).

Pashure kufirwa Godunov uye asiri kuziva mutongi mwanakomana wake Feodor, Venhema Dmitry I mukupera 1604 nehondo duku akapinda Russia. Somugumisiro, takananga munyengeri gore vakatonga. Venhema Dmitry I, rakakundwa. Mambo akagadzwa Vasiliy Shuysky.

Near Moscow, Vakazopinda mumusha Tushino muna 1608, itsva Venhema Dmitry II (kwayakatangira hazvizivikanwi), vakakombawo Moscow.

Nguva Troubles muRussia muna 1609 kunoratidzwa weboka munyika. In Muscovy aiva madzimambo maviri, maviri Dumas, vaviri evaIsraeri (mu Tushino muMoscow Filaret naHerimogene). Saka vakaumba nendima mbiri. A simba aiziva kuti Venhema Dmitry II, uye yechipiri yaiva yechokwadi Shumsky.

Muna 1610, muna July, Shuya rakakundwa uye nechisimba tonsured sezvo mumongi. Kwenguva simba akapfuura kuti "dare nomwe." hurumende iyi wakasainwa pamwe Sigismund III (Mambo Poland), chibvumirano pamusoro pakuvaka choushe Wladyslaw (mwanakomana Sigismund III).

1611 kunoratidzwa intensification pamusoro dzokutsigira nyika pfungwa, kukura panodana kudzorera kubatana ehurumende uye achagumisa rukave. Mugore iroro payo akaumba varwi wokutanga. Zvisinei, akanga kuzosunungura Moscow pasimba "dare nomwe" vakakundikana. First nevarwi yakadhirika. MuPskov, ndaiva panguva imwecheteyo akadanidzira mambo Venhema Dmitry III.

By kuwa yechipiri yakanga yakaumbwa pamusoro chirongwa ari varwi pakati Minin uye Pozharsky. Somugumisiro, kutevedzana musi Moscow muna 1612 (26 October), guta guru raiva vasunungurwa. Muna 1613, ivo Zemsky Sobor akasarudzwa gavhuna gumi Mikhail Romanov. Uyezve, akadzoka pakutapwa kuRussia Bhishopi Filaret (baba Mikayeri).

Muna 1617 Stolbovsky runyararo yakanga yakasainwa, umo Sweden akahwina pamhenderekedzo Gulf vomuFinland uye Korela nhare. Gore rakatevera, mumwe chibvumirano akanga aita Poland, somugumisiro iyo Russia akamupa Chernigov, Smolensk, uye mamwe maguta.

Pasinei zvinokosha miganhu nezvinhu uye rinorema chikwereti dambudziko iri pamusoro. Zvisinei, matambudziko chakaparira Nguva Troubles muRussia, sei zvakawanda mumakore gumi anotevera.