Media - ndiwo mashoko neakangwara kuburikidza vanobudisa nhau

YeNhau, kureva kuchinjwa ruzivo panguva imwe chete yakakura chikamu vanhu - zviri Vanobudisa nhau. ruzivo urwu, musimboti nohwupi zvose zivo vanhu, uye chikamu yaishandiswa dzidziso, kuzvidzora kana kushingaira chiito nokuda kukura, kuvandudzika uye pakuchengetedza specificity ose kutaurirana enyika. The paruzhinji kuparadzirwa subsystems anoenda evanhu mashoko, chine mashoko, ruzivo uye pamusoro ichi magariro ruzivo.

Kusawirirana uye unyanzvi vezvenhau

Kuziva yomuropa vanoparadzaniswa ne kubata pamwe tsika: kushanda zvakananga - mukanyiwa, uye kunoda pfungwa - specialized. Uyewo tichitarisa mashoko, pane nhanho mbiri - uye unyanzvi vezvenhau. Ndiwo mashoko navanopinda kushandiswa, tinogona kutaura - kudzokororwa mune vakawanda. Zvinoda zvakawanda nezvazvo, nokuti zvirokwazvo ane ukoshi somunhu muchikwata nechepakati Somuenzaniso, nhau, redhiyo uye terevhizheni.

Pane zvinofanirwa kushandisa rive kutanga zvinhu kuumba vakawanda kuziva. Chii chinoitika, kunyange zvazvo zvose mitemo hana vazhinji chakaumbwa zvirimo, kuti ndizvo, mananara evanhu upenyu, izvo chete unoratidza Vanobudisa nhau. Ichi mashoko kuti zvinokosha kuti Paanomuka ehurumende kuroorana, kuti hapana nzira inobatana chiremba.

Rusununguko Press

Rusununguko rwokubudisa, ndiro yakazvimirira kushanda zvenhau, vanofanira mubumbiro inopikira munyika imwe neimwe. Rusununguko zvenhau - vamwe yakakura pfungwa, riri kurapwa mune zvematongerwo enyika chete kodzero vomunyika zvose vagadze nzira kuparadzirwa upi ruzivo zvigadzirwa zvachose.

Ichi ndicho chokutanga mubumbiro munhu kodzero sorutivi nevakariri mutemo, inova rusununguko zvenhau. Kokutanga kodzero dzevanhu aya zvakaparidzwa muna 1789, vakanochengeta Declaration French. Kukura nhau zvakakonzera chokwadi kuti mitemo akakodzera vakagamuchirwa munyika dzinoita zvegutsaruzhinji.

Media mutemo muna Russian Federation

The pakarepo kukosha kuitwa Media Mutemo ndiye abolition pakati kusenza, kureva vakuru havana nekodzero tendero kufarirwa wedzero zvinhu. mamiriro ezvinhu aya muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri aivapo chete kubva 1917 kusvika 1922, uye rakatevera RF Mutemo pamusoro Vanobudisa nhau akasvika makore chete pashure 68 - muna 1991.

Mutemo wakagadziridzwa wokuita ano akapinda kushanda muna September 2012: mavari pane kutaura pamusoro nenyevero kubva mashoko anokuvadza utano uye kukura vana zera. Uyezve, mutemo Russian pamusoro venhau mu Article 25 azviwanira chinhu chitsva mukutonga zvenhau vanenge zvaipesana chisarudzo ichi, uye 27-fung Nyaya vaisanganisa mashoko pamusoro zera kuomesa kuti vezvenhau vanosungirwa kushuma kuti kuratidzwa firimu.

kurambidzwa itsva

Muna February 2016, mutemo pamusoro Vanobudisa nhau zvinoisa chinhu chakarambidzwa vanorumwe dzinongoitika uye nomutemo vanhu (pamwe nezvekuva chizvarwa chenyika mbiri vokuRussia - uyewo) iri guru nhau Russian, uye ikozvino havagoni zvakananga kana kuti zvisina kunanga pachako kana kudzora zvinopfuura 20 muzana migove kana mugove. Pakuvamba zvakare, paiva muganhu - kusvika 50 muzana, asi chete kuti redhiyo uye zveterevhizheni. Izvi nokuda utsanzi mashoko hondo Russia, uyewo deofshorizatsiey upfumi hwayo.

Media musika vakafunga nhamba sei kuchinja vezvenhau 35% of yaipedzerwa mari inoshandiswa ne Russian vezvenhau. ruzivo Izvi yaunganidzwa paavhareji inofungidzirwa siyana. Manzwi kuitwa gwaro iri chinowanzoitika magazini Forbes uye pepanhau "Vedomosti" kuti anenge aripo pamusoro dzimwe guta, takavanyorera zvikuru pamusoro evanhu, zvematongerwo enyika uye zvoupfumi nyaya uye wedzero mutemo inoitwa pasina nezviremera Russian, kuti haatongi maererano makambani.

nevezvenhau mhando

The nhau - simba ane anozviita iri pachena pakukurukurirana, vachishandisa zvakakodzera hwokugadzira nzira rokuchera, kubudiswa uye unozotevera kuparadzira mashoko kune vakawanda vateereri.

Pane chinogona ainzi maererano nomutemo zvinyorwa Russian Federation:

• periodicals;
• zines;
• TV channel;
• redhiyo;
• TV zvirongwa;
• Zvirongwa;
• nemavhidhiyo;
• newsreel zvirongwa;
• chero kupi zvako. nguva akagovera vezvenhau vane zita zvachose.

Zvose izvi akatumidza nhau - vezvenhau, vakagamuchira izwi iri 70s remakore rapfuura.

Media Area nokuparadzirwa

Kumatunhu umo vezvenhau vari anoparadzirwa anogona kuvimba administrative weboka imwe mamiriro. The chikuru chakarurama ndiyo kupatsanura nzira kuti anoparadzira venhau munyika, zviri akashanda nomunharaunda uye kwete nzvimbo racho. Saka, tinogona kudoma inoverengeka Sub-nemakirasi:

• transnational vezvenhau (pose, kureva, musi nharaunda nyika dzinoverengeka);
• National vezvenhau (kushanda yose nehurumende kana kuti chikamu chikuru chacho);
• remunharaunda vezvenhau (nhau nharaunda iri yoga administrative chairema nyika kana kare kuumbwa chikamu, pamwechete maitiro zviri avo kana zvimwe - Altai, Yuzhnyy Ural uye Western Siberia);
• vemo Vezvenhau (dunhu, guta, chepamusoro, etc.).

Vateereri yakawandisa anoda Regional vezvenhau vose, uye ichi ndicho zvakafanira kunonyanya chokuti dzemo vapepeti kazhinji kufunga huru zvinodiwa vemo, uye PRICING navo zvikuru democratic.

Murayiro nhau nevaari

Vezvenhau vari zvinyorwa zvinowanikwa pakagadzwa zvose zviri pamutemo masangano uye vanhu, uye zvatisingakwanisi ichi havana-siyana.

The Russian hurongwa zvenhau masangano kunyoresa, zvakasiyana mvumo kuti zvishoma kunyatsoteerera, administrative zviremera anongoti akasimbisa chikumbiro kugadzwa kwoUmambo ane nhengo, uye akaisa muviri pamusoro nhoroondo. Audiovisual ndinoiitawo kudiwa kuti rezinesi kuti kutepfenyurwa.

zvenhau vateereri

Kupararira Vanobudisa nhau kunogona kuitwa zvichienderana pfungwa: specialized vane chaiyo dingindira uye vanotungamirirwa mumwe chikamu vateereri, vezvenhau mukuru wezwi inogona kupararira yainyanya. Kana kubaya vateereri chinorondedzerwa zvakajeka, chinangwa dzebhizimisi basa zvichabviswa kubudirira, uye kukura nhau achagamuchira imwe kugadzikana.

zvidzidzo Sociological takatsunga kuti muzviitiko zvakawanda, kunyange venhau pachavo vasina zvakakwana zvakakwana kunzwisisa vateereri ivo vanoshumira, havanzwisisi, nokuti ani vari zvaireva avo kana mamwe mabhuku. Saka, zvinhu kakawanda depersonalized, neavhareji, uye nhepfenyuro pachayo - vezvenhau - akafanana nomumwe.

zvenhau legality

The ukama pakati mitemo kuitika uye nevezvenhau zvinogona kusiyana zvichienderana chii nezvebasa nhau imwe neimwe nyaya. Saka, pane nhau kuti zvinobvumirwa nomutemo, kunge vakanyorwa uye vakagamuchira mvumo kutepfenyurwa kana kutsikisa. Vezvenhau ava pamutemo. Asi dzimwe nguva quasi-pamutemo guru mashoko - ruzivo urwu hazvirambidzwi, uye havana kubvumira nomurayiro munyika. Chechitatu mhando nhau - zvisiri pamutemo, kuti hakubvumidzwi nemutemo, asi akaramba kushanda.

Translations kupinda zvisiri pamutemo buditsa kunoitika kuburikidza Kudzimwa kwechikwereti nhepfenyuro marezinesi, kunyoresa zvitupa uye magwaro zvakafanana. Zvikonzero zvacho zvingave zvakasiyana chaizvo. Somuenzaniso, vamwe nhau chaizvoizvo kukanganisirwa rusununguko mashoko, kwete chete kudzidzisa vateereri vakatsauka, asi havazvidzi kana kuchera, kana chaidzo kuvhiringidza State pamusoro ane munharaunda imomo. Panewo mhando yechina zvenhau pamusoro legality kuti: nguva nenguva aine makopi copies chiuru, haatarisiri kunyoresa.

zvenhau mhando

Kune akasiyana zviviri: maonero venhau uye zvinobudisa nhau. maitiro ava vezvenhau pachinhu zvinhu zvinoverengeka: ari specificity pano uye magadzirirwo uye manyorerwo, uye vateereri sezvazviri, kuparadzirwa uye kuberekana. Kunaka vezvenhau chechinyorwa ichi chinorondedzerwa nokuvapo macheki kupa chokwadi kudzivisa wokusavimbika mashoko, kuda mwero uye kudzikamisa analyticity pakati mazano ose uye maonero vakaratidza, chikuru basa iri kuridzwa ne chaizvo mataurire racho.

Misa ruzivo kakawanda nezvezvandaifanira shoko zvemafaro apo zvinodiwa zvinhu shamisa hunhu, uye zvikuru yakawanda pfungwa dzomunhu oga. kutarisana kana kuratidza nzira (nhema kuwedzera kutarisika). Kunaka bhuku rinotaura pamusoro unyanzvi zvose nyanzvi kwevatapi venhau, iro zvino kushoma chaizvo. In Vanobudisa nhau zvose zvakawanda zvinodiwa kuti vasingawanzova yakakwirira munyika yedu uye kupfuura miganhu yaro, hunodzorwa zvakavhenganiswa nhau format, apo dzimwe nguva unogona kuona pamusoro pakanyorwa munhu mediocre, faceless uye zvakajeka zvakachipa munhu here yepamusoro zvinhu.

Internet zvenhau

Traditional vezvenhau achipa nzira zvishoma nezvishoma chaivo kubvira veMubatanidzwa uye kuwedzera paupamhi kuparadzira paIndaneti. Mukati ayo framework, anenge ndangotanga ishande nemhando dzose zvetsika vanobudisa nhau, akawana guru mukurumbira zuva roga roga uye ari kuwana vateereri vakawanda. Anenge zvose anodhinda nhau vane dzavo Websites pachavo paIndaneti yava kutanga Internet TV uye Indaneti redhiyo. Panyaya iyi, nhamba kuverenga mapepa bhuku vanotozvikuvadza zvinoderedza, riparadzirwe ipfupi.

International kwomwedzi michina inopa connectivity mune mahwanda wechipiri, uye saka kwokuomerwa vezvenhau kwakawedzera zvikuru. In Washington, inonzi "migumisiro C-CNN", uye ukarumbidza haina kuridza ethers kare yakatsvikinyidzana kwakavanzika mashoko ichi nhau chiteshi. Zvikurukuru, chii vezvenhau vari kutsvaka kwete kuti vateereri vakawanda zvikuru mupfungwa kuita? Vamwe vezvenhau vanobudirira zvokuti vanhu pakarepo kutanga kuita, kukanganwa kururamisira, uye kunyange zvakadaro kukosha - Ivo vanoita pamurairo kana kwete.