Mhepo dzakawanda dzinorarama sei mukutapwa nemhuka dzesango

Kutenga hove duku mumusika wemusika kana pet shop, tinotarisira kuti tichakwanisa kuzviitira vazukuru vedu - takanzwa kuti aya akare enyika neyemvura anogara kwenguva yakareba, sekunyora nhau. Asi makore maviri kana matatu apfuura, uye chipfuwo chedu chinofa. Mukati, makore mangani ari kurarama turtu? Hapana mhinduro isina kukodzera kumubvunzo uyu. Hupenyu hwezvipenyu izvi zvinokonzerwa nemhando dzemarudzi, uye nhamba yavo yezvipenyu pasi pano pasi rinenge 270 (vanomwe vavo vanorarama munyika yedu).

Kuonekwa pane imwe nguva munguva yeMesozoic (anenge makore emamiriyoni 220 apfuura), vakaramba vachida kubvumirana nekushanduka-shanduka uye vakaonekwa pamberi pedu zvakangofanana nemadzitateguru avo panguva apo pakange pasina shiri kana zvipfuwo pasi pano . Zvisinei, iyi "prehistoric" yakatarisa haina kubvumira zvisikwa izvi zvakasara zvombo zvakanyanyisa kubva kuronga nyika yose: vanorarama kumakondinendi ose, kunze kwekuda kweAntarctica. Mhuka dzinofarira, zvechokwadi, dzinodziya maruva, nokuti shell inodzivirira yakaipa kubva kunotonhora. Asi zvakange zvichibvira kuona gungwa dutu muBaltic, Barents uye kunyange muGungwa reBering! Vakanyatsoziva makungwa ose, vanogara mumvura ine mvura yakachena nemakungwa, matope uye, zvechokwadi, panyika. Asi vangani vanorarama hutu, zvakaoma kuverenga.

Zvose izvi zvinokambaira zvinoshamisa. Munhu akakuvadzwa ane musoro wakaveurwa anogona kukwira kwemazuva makumi mapfumbamwe, uye imwe kopi neuropi yakadzikama yakararama pasina iyo kwemwedzi mitanhatu. Icho chikonzero nekuda kwaro dzekare yekare uye dzinza raive pedyo nemadinosaurs, ayo, semasayendisiti emazuva ano akawanikwa, asina hupenyu humwe humwe hutano, huturuki dzichikurumidza kudzoka shure kwekukuvadzwa kwakagamuchirwa uye kusinganzwisisiki nehutachiona. Zvechokwadi, aya haasi honye zvinogona kukura pachazvo dzakarasika zvikamu zvemuviri, asi zvisinei, izvi zvinotyisa zvinotishamisa isu nemasimba avo anoshamisa. Saka vangani vanorarama huturu paavhareji?

Nguva yezvipenyu zvemhando dzeMarion, uyo aigara paFrance chivako chezvikepe pachiwi cheMauritius, 152, chakanyorwa. Zvisinei, masayendisiti anovimbisa, iyi makore haisi mhedziso yemarudzi aya: marion anogona kurarama achifara kusvika kumakore mazana maviri, kana, zvechokwadi, vanoita mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka kwavari. Mamwe madzimambo eJerusarema akanga akanyatsocherechedza hupenyu hwemamoni. Kudzidza tsanangudzo yehupenyu hwehama uye "mhuka dzomukati" dzakabatana nazvo, imwe inogona kuita pfungwa yekufungidzira yehupenyu hwakawanda hwehupenyu hweMediterranean-inenge inenge makore 120. Nzira yehupenyu yeBalkan turtles inongova shoma-makore 90. Tsamba yakatsvuka, inowanikwa mumvura yakachena, inogona kungopera makore makumi mashanu.

Mhedziso yemhuka inowanikwa mumasikirwo epasi pose inobatsira kutarisa kuti vangani vanorarama vari muutapwa. Zvinyorwa zvehupenyu hurefu munzvimbo yekutanga zvakagadzika marudzi makuru ehututi: chirume chikuru - makore 180, nzou - 150, uye zvinonzi "shporonosnaya" - anenge makore 115. Asi mubhuku re "Guinness" rakasvika rakanaka chete kubva kuSychelles, iro rakapona kupfuura zvizvarwa zvevafambisi vechiFrench pachiwi cheMauritius, - makore anopfuura 152. Nhoroondo yezera rehurukuro yakakura yepasi - gigantic leathery - hapana anoziva, nokuti mhuka haigoneki.

Zvinosuruvarisa, zvose zvinyorwa-refu-chivhara mumhuri iyi ine simba ndeyemhando yemvura. Uye mumatumba edu, sekutonga, tinorarama semhuka dzemhuka dzekutengesa nyika - vanhu vaduku, ihombodo yayo haina kudarika mazana emakita emamita. Ihupenyu hwezvikara izvi hunofanirwa zvikuru nekuzvitarisira. Vadzidzisi vanofanira kupa mhuka kwete nehuwandu hwakanaka hwekudya (kusanganisira dzakachena), kwete kungowedzera masikati ekudzivirira nezuva rakatonhora munguva yechando nemubatsiro wehuni hunopisa, asiwo kuchengetedza turtle kuti iende zvakawanda. Nzira yehupenyu yakagadzikana ndiyo chibvumirano chehupenyu hwako hwemhuka, uye kana uchitarisirwa zvakanaka, inogona kurarama makore makumi mashanu.