Muponesi-Bethan Monastery, Sergiev Posad: nhoroondo, mifananidzo, kero, kuti ungatora sei

Guta rekare reSergiev Posad, rine nhoroondo yakadzokera kumakore ari kure nezana remakore rechigumi nemana, hazvizivikanwi chete kune vose vanogara munyika yedu, asiwo kune vazhinji vevatorwa vekunze vanouya kuRussia kuzotarisa zvayo. Inowanikwa makiromita makumi mashanu chete kubva muguta, inopinda muGold Ring. Guta iri rakanakisisa kushanyira. Uyezve, vanhu vazhinji vanoda chaizvo kuuya pano nekuda kwekuti kwemazuva maviri kana maviri zvakakwana kuti vaongorore zvinhu zvinofadza zveSergiev Posad.

Zita reguta rino rakagamuchirwa musi waMarch 22, 1782 nemurairo waCatherine II mukuremekedza wevaki venharaunda yekwaSergiy Radonezhsky. Uye kunyange zvazvo mumakore eSoviet (kubva muna 1930 kusvika muna 1991) guta racho rakanzi Zagorsk mukuremekedza revolutionary VM Lubotsky-Zagorsky, mushure mezvo zita rake rekutanga rakadzorerwa.

Zvechokwadi, kukwezva kukuru kwemusha uyu kwakanyatsotaridzirwa Utatu Mutsvene Lavra weSt. Sergius - imba yevatemberi, iyo ichiri kushanda nanhasi. Pamusoro pokutaura kwePotada vanhu vazhinji vanobatana neatemberi iyi yakaisvonaka, nemasvingo machena echando, yakaiswa mukati. Izvo zvinooneka zviripo pasuo reguta. Asi kwete Sergiev Lavra chete akaita kuti guta duku rizivikanwe. Guta iri rakakurumbira nokuda kwezvivako zvaro zvakawanda, zvinoshanyira gore negore nemazana mazana mashanu emapilgrim. Chimwe nechimwe chazvo chine nhoroondo inoshamisa inofadza. Uye mumwe wavo ndiye Muponesi-Bethan Monastery (Sergiev Posad).

Nhoroondo

Iyo iri kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweguta, anenge makiromita mana kubva kuSergius Lavra. Imba yeSasaso-Vifan muSergiev Posad inzvimbo inofanirwa kuiswa mune imwe nzvimbo yekurwendo. Iyo inozivikanwawo pasi pezita rokuti "Russian Bethany".

Pakupera kwechigumi nemasere - kutanga kwezana remakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe, mune imwe nzvimbo inoshamisa inoshamisa pakati pematanda kunze kwechemberi kweSergiev Posad kumabvazuva kwayo mahofisi akawanda emasitadhi akavakirwa. Vakanga vari pasi peUtatu-St Sergius Lavra. Vatariri vakagadzirirwa kune avo vanosarudza kunyengetera vari voga, izvo zvakanga zvisingagoneki mumamiriro ezvinhu eLavra, yakazara nevafambi vakawanda.

Yokutanga yeiyi yaiva mukono wemhondi weSpaso-Vifan. Zvinosuruvarisa, zvivakwa zvishomanana chete zvakasara kubvira ipapo zvinoumba chikamu chikuru chemusha muduku wePtitsegrad. Ziso chete rakanyatsocherechedza mazamu eyanzvi humwe humwe hunoenderana nekugadzirisa kwe "zvidimbu" zveyimbove yakakosha yakavakwa, iyo yaizivikanwa zvikuru seimba yaSpaso-Vifan. Sergiev Posad yakashanduka yakawanda kubvira ipapo. Nhasi ine nzvimbo dzakawanda dzinofadza, umo vatashanyi vanotanga kuenda, asi kuMoscow mhirizhonga yeBhetani yaifungidzirwa sechipiri inonyanya kukosha kweguta racho.

Kuvaka

Zvinotendwa kuti ndiyo yaiva iyo mutariri weimba yemamongi, Archbishop Plato (zita repasi rose Peter Levshin), uyo akatanga nheyo yeMuponesi-Bethan (Sergiev Posad). Mifananidzo, iyo inenge yakachengetwa mumumusumusi yeguta, inopupurira kuti panzvimbo ino pane gungwa rakapfuura. Yakanga iri chikamu chikuru chevhu pakati peRwizi rweTorgashi uye dziva rakakura chaizvo iyo hove dzaishandiswa kune zvinodiwa zveLavra dzakagadzirwa.

Nzvimbo yakasarudzwa kunzvimbo yemamende yakanzi Korbukha. Pamberi pemugwagwa wezvitima wakavakwa pano, kubva munharaunda iyo imba yeSpaso-Vifan yakavakwa, imba yeTroitsko-Sergius Lavra yaionekwa. Irenje idzva rakavakwa makore mana: kubva muna 1783 kusvika muna 1787. Yaiva rutsanga rurefu rwakatambanudzwa kubva kumabvazuva kusvikira kumadokero. Iyi mhondi yakatumidzwa zita reBhetani yePalestine - nzvimbo umo kushamisika kwekumuka kwevakarurama Razaro kwakaitika. Basa rekuvaka rakatungamirirwa nevakakosha vemuzvivako V. Yakovlev naN. Odoevtsev. Vakanga vakokwa kubva kuMoscow kunyanya kwekuvakwa kwembadha mutsva.

Kugadziriswa kwebasa

Zvinosuruvarisa, vashomanana vanoziva zvakasimba kuti musha weSpaso-Vifan wakaita sei (Sergiev Posad). Mifananidzo, vashomanana vanopona munharaunda yemunyu, vanoratidza kuti nzvimbo yakakosha yakagadzirwa nekorona neGates Gates. Vakaguma nebhero shongwe. Panharaunda yemunharaunda maivawo neTransfiguration Cathedral, kereke yeimba yeDhovv, zvivako zvina zvehama, imba umo Archimandrite Plato aigara, uye mimwe masero masheni.

Maererano neprojekiti, pane necropolis purogiramu yakawanda, pamwe chete nedare rakadzikama uye gorosi. Nharaunda yose iyo nzvimbo yainzi Spaso-Vifan yakavakwa yakanga yakakomberedzwa nefiru rakasimba rebwe.

Muna 1787, apo basa rose rokuvaka raive rapera, mutariri weLavra Platon akakwidziridzwa kumaguta makuru. Panenge panguva imwe chete, kubva kuItatu Utatu hweMonasire kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo itsva yainzi Spaso-Vifan, iyo iyo yakaitwa pasi apa, yakatakura shrine inoremekedzwa zvikuru. Iyo ibhokisi remapuranga umo mainenge mazana maviri emakore zvinyorwa zveSergius raRadonezh zvaivepo.

Seminary

Mushure mechiratidzo chekugadziriswa kwake muna 1797, mambo Pavel ndakanga ndichipfuura nepaSergiev Posad. Iye, achatanga kushanyira imba yemamongi muLavra, akamutevera akaenda kuBhetani moni. Pano akazogamuchirwa neMetropolitan Platon. Mambo aifara zvikuru nemamiriro emamiriro ematunhu aya ayo akabva atanga neshoko rake kuti azarure seminari muimba yemamongi. Mukuwedzera, akawana nzvimbo yeTemberi yeBhetani uye nyika inokosha. Neimwe chirevo, musha wemasitadhi weSpaso-Vifan wakagamuchira kodzero yekuwana mari kubva kune mishonga mitatu yakabhadharwa. Muchirangaridzo chekushanyira kumusha wemamambo naMambo Pauro, Metropolitan Platon yakaisa chizoro.

Muna 1800, seminari yakatanga kuvaka chivako chakakosha. Uye kare musi wechitanhatu weAgasti yakavhurwa. Chivako chechipiri-nhatu uye shongwe ina chakavakwa muchimiro chetsamba "P" -kukudza Mambo Emperor Paul. Muchikoro ichi chitsva vakatanga kutambira varume vechidiki, kunyanya vana vevapristi. Dzidzo mu seminari inogona kuwanikwa pane imwe yezvitatu mahofisi aripo. Aya aiva mazvinyorwa-chirevo, zvidzidzo zvebhaibheri kana mafilosofi. Metropolitan Platon pachake pachake aiziva mudzidzi wese. Sezvo vanyori vanopupurira, akabata zvikuru vadzidzi ve seminari kuti zuva rega rega akatevera mitemo yekugara kwavo. Sezviri pachena, ndicho chikonzero cheSpaso-Bethan monastery yakadanwa ne "vazhinji" chikoro.

Pakanga pane vanhu vakawanda vanoda kupinda muBhetani Seminary, umo kudzidzisa kwaive kwakaburitswa. Saka, nekufamba kwenguva, yakawedzera. Iko kare mumatatu makumi matatu nemapfumbamwe yezana remakore regumi nemapfumbamwe iyi yaiva chivakwa chepamusoro, chakagadzirwa nenzira yekuita zvekare.

Mushure mekufa kweMetropolitan

Pakupera kwe1812, mushure mekunge mauto eNapoleon, abva kuMoscow, atanga kubva munyika yeRussia, Metropolitan Platon akapedza rwendo rwake rwepasi. Kuvigwa kwake kwakaitika muTransfiguration Cathedral. Uye mushure mekufa kwake, Theological Seminary, yakazova "mwana" anodikamwa wevana, yakaramba ichikura. Ikosi yemamoni pachayo yakave yashandurwa. Panharaunda yaro yakavakwa zvivakwa zvakawanda zvematombo zvakagadzirirwa madamoni, mavhiri uye mabhoti, uyewo zvivako zvakapiwa almshouse, nehotera.

Mumazana makumi matanhatu ezana remakore regumi nemapfumbamwe kereke yakakura yakakwana yevashanu yakagadzirirwa panzvimbo yeimba yemuzinda weDukhov. Ainzi Tikhvin. Pakanga pane zvigaro zvishanu mutembere. Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri, pamwe chete neLavra neChernigov skete, musha wemasangano weSpaso-Vifan wakatanga kuwana mukurumbira. Nzira yekuenda nayo nhasi, iwe unogona kuona pane webhusaiti yepamusoro yeimba yemamoni.

Address

Nhasi, vatashanyi vose vanouya kuSergiev Posad, vanofanira kutorwa kunzvimbo yematari yeSpaso-Vifan. Ita reRussia Bethany iri Masliyeva Street, kuvaka 25. Inenge makiromita matatu kumaodzanyemba kweChernigov Gethsemane Skete.

Spas-Vifan mutezi wemasangano, maitiro ekusvika ipapo, mutendi wose anogara muSergiev Posad anoziva, gore negore anogamuchira nhamba huru yevapamendi. Vakawanda vavo vanouya pano nechitima kana chitima. Hazvisi zvakaoma kusvika kumusha wemamiti kubva pachiteshi chezvitima. Iyi kureba inogona kukundwa nyore nyore netsoka.

Kuti uite izvi, uchifambisa parutivi rwechitima chinogamuchirwa kuchamhembe kuenda kuna Aleksandrov, parwendo rwechipiri ruchiyambuka, enda kurudyi uende kuBhetani Street. Uye pamusoro payo, uye paPtitsegradskaya unogona kuenda zvakananga kumusha wemasitadhi weSpaso-Vifan.

Nzira yekuenda nayo nekutakura

Kuenda kumusha wemamatari kubva kumuguta nemotokari kunokosha pamwe nemugwagwa we Yaroslavl. Usati wasvika pachiratidzo kuna Sergiev Posad, enda kurudyi uchienda kuJaroslavl mumugwagwa mukuru weM8. Inofanira kusvika kune chiratidzo "tendeukira kumuzambiringa". Ipapo iwe unoda kubva kunze. Pasina kusvika kumunda wemizambiringa, tendeukira kuruboshwe uchitevera mugwagwa mukuru unoenda kumusha wemamatare.

Vafambi vakawanda vanoongorora nzira ye Golden Ring ivo vanofarira Muponesi-Bethan Monastery (Sergiev Posad). Nzira yekufambisa mberi kwake, ani zvake anogara muguta anoti. Kuita izvi zvakajeka: unoda kutendeuka kubva kuTroitsko-Sergius Lavra kubva kuRed Army Street kusvika kurudyi kuKar Marx Avenue. Uye zvino endai kumunda wenharaunda yePtitsedradskaya.

Mumakore eSoviet

Mushure mekuvandudzwa, nhoroondo yeMuponesi-Bethany metezi yakashanduka zvikuru. Mamiriki aibvumirwa kuramba ari muimba yevatongi chete muhutano hwemapoka eboka rezvemari. Zvisinei, makore manomwe gare gare imba yemamende yakavharwa, zvisinei, mune dzimwe dzimba vashumiri vakararama kusvika muna 1929. Zvivako zvakawanda zve primonastyrskih zvakapiwa kune nherera, uye mumba maMetropolitan Platon, yakatanga kuchengetedza zvinyorwa, izvo zvaiva nemamoriyamu ezvakaitika kare nemasitoriya Sergiev Posad.

Mukutanga kwema makumi matatu nemakumi matatu ezana remakore rechimakumi maviri, nharaunda yeBhetani yakapiwa purazi yehuku. Yakatanga kunzi Ptitsegrad. VaBolshevik havana kuchengetedza zvakawanda zvezvivakwa zvekare. Vamwe vavo vakagumburwa vachinzi nekuda kwekudengenyeka, uye vamwe-nekuda kwezvinhu zvekuvaka, somuenzaniso, matanda ane simba. Nokudaro Muponesi-Kereke yekushandura yakaparadzwa. Izvo zvakaitika zvakazadza chivako umo Metropolitan Plato aigara, pamwe neimba yematanda fence, Holy Gates, gedhi rebwe belfry uye necropolis hama.

Akagurwa musoro uye akaendeswa kune imwe nzvimbo yeImba yeMasikati uye Temberi yeTikhvin. Akange akashandiswa sechinhu chinoputika kwechinguva, uye gare gare seimba yepa cinema uye dhani pasi. Mukuvakwa kwemamininari, ganda rekuvhenekera uye revenereal rakazarurwa. Nezvenguva yakange yakagadziriswa imbasi mumakore iwayo yakafanana nemadziro maviri kana matatu akapona.

Kuvandudzwa

Muna 1998, chikamu chemuzinda wevatemberi chakatamirwa kunotungamirirwa kweLavra. Kubva panguva ino, uye rumutsiriro rwayo rwakatanga. Zvivako zvakasara zvakagadziriswa, uye avo vakaparadzwa vakavakwazve zvakare. Inofanira kurehwa kuti basa rokudzorera rinoenderera nhasi. Kudzorera zvinhu zvakawanda, mashoma mashomanana emifananidzo, mifananidzo nemichindwe zvakachengetedzwa zvinoshandiswa.

Spaso-Bethan Convent nhasi

Iyi imba yemamende zvakare inopoteredza fence neGates Gates. Pamusoro pavo pane bell bell tower. Yakaitwa mumutauro wekusaziva-mutauro weRussia, iyo yakashongedza chaiyo yechangobva kusimuka pamwe.

Panharaunda yemunharaunda iyo ichangobva kuvakwa Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral ine nzvimbo inonyanya. Iyi temberi yakangobva kuvaka yakavakwa yakafanana nemakereke akavepo kare. Iine mairi maviri. Iyo yakaderera yakatsaurirwa kubwinya kwekumuka kwechishamiso kwaRazaro, uye kumusoro ndiko Kuchinja kwaIshe.

Temberi yakadzorerwa uye kubwinya kwayo kwemukati, kwakagadzirwa naPlato. Atari inoitwa muatari. Vatendi vakaungana mukati momunyengetero vakaiona segakova duku, saiyo vakaviga Razaro uye pamusoro pazvo Gomo reTabhori rakasimuka . Mune tembere kuenda kumusoro kwepamusoro-soro chigaro cheumambo chinosimudza marble slab rakasungirirwa. Iyo, yakashongedzwa nemaruva, michero nemhuka mifananidzo, inotevedzera gomo.

Parizvino, kugadzirisa zvishoma kunoshandiswawo muChechi yeMweya Mutsvene, uko mabasa aMwari anobatwa. Kudzorerwa kweimba yekuyeuchidza umo Metropolitan Platon yakaramba ichirarama. Pafambo, pedyo neSango Rino Tsva, muna 2012 chivako kumusisi weimba yemamiti yakagadzirwa.

Operating mode

Imba yeSasaso-Vifan inoshanda. Upenyu mauri hunoyerera maererano nemirairo yakasimba. Kubvira muna 2002, chikamu chemuganhu weimba yemasitori chakapiwa kumusha weLavra. Iwe unogona kusvika kumataresi zuva rimwe nerimwe revhiki kubva pahafu yepfumbamwe mangwanani kusvika mangwanani masere manheru. Mabasa ekutanga anotanga pa 5.30 uye 6.30, uye manheru - pa16,40. Svondo yechikoro inopa makirasi evana kubva kumhuri yevanamati vevhiki vese.

Ane waini ndiyo kudada kwemamongi. Vanobatwa kune avo vose vanouya kuMuponesi-Bethany monastery. Sergiev Posad, kuongororwa kunosiyirwa kwete vashandi vedu chete, asiwo vatasvi vanobva kunyika dzakawanda dzeEurope, vanoshamiswa nekuwanda kwezvinhu. Imwe yadzo iBhetani yeRussian, iyo ine purazi duku, iyo inopa mhondi mazai nemukaka.