Ndezvipi maguta akawanda yakasviba munyika?

Iro guta anokodzerwa wenyaya kupfuura zvakatipoteredza vasanonoka munyika? Mune dzimwe nzvimbo pane ngozi chaiyo utano uye upenyu vokuparidzira? Ngationei wasarudza pamusoro 10 maguta akawanda yakasvibiswa munyika.

Sumgait

guta Azerbaijani pakati Sumgait rakaumbwa muna 40s remakore rapfuura. Pakutanga, kwave kune nokukurumidza chaizvo nevanhu kukura. Pakazosvika pakati pezana remakore nhamba vagari kupfuura kota miriyoni. Nokukurumidza ikoko akatanga kubatwa nokudisisa kushaya redzimba. Saka, chikamu chikuru chavagari Vaingovawo kuti dzinoungana muna wakatetepa makamuri hostels zhinji.

Zvisinei, dzimba dhefisiti chaiva vagari Sumgayit kwete mukuru dambudziko. In mifananidzo nharaunda kupedzera yakawanda rose kwemakemikari miti, basa iri nokuti emakore akachinja aimbova anonhuwira hunhu nomugwenga yakatsva.

Pari muna Sumgait, riri chinhambwe 30 makiromita kubva Azerbaijani guru Baku, musha vanhu vanenge 260,000. Munguva Soviet, ane vanenge 40 mafekitari muruwa guta, iro basa mukugadzira dzakasiyana-siyana makemikari. The emakambani pakukura, akadai "Khimprom", "Aluminum Plant", "Organic reongororo", vachiri kushanda pahofisi zvizere chinzvimbo.

Nerimwe gore mumhepo pamusoro peguta vabudiswa 70 kusvika 120 matani Inokuvadza choutsi, izvo anovapo kubudiswa kuiisa chlorine tubhokisi yeimwe, rabha, inorema nesimbi, uyewo kugadzirwa kwemishonga yezvipembenene, yekugezeza zvinhu mudzimba. Nhasi, nemhaka kwezvakatipoteredza zvichiongororwa, kusvibiswa mudunhu akaramba. Zvisinei, kunyange vaya zvinhu kuti wasunungurwa mumhepo, zvakakwana kuti mvura omunharaunda uye ivhu anova unusable.

Vanoshorwa zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza mamiriro ezvinhu vasingagoni asi kukanganisa hutano vemo. Saka, zvakadini zvinouraya dzakakwirira neinopfuura 50% tichienzanisa nedzimwe nzvimbo munyika. Hazvishamisi kuti Sumgait pagore achipinda chepamusoro zvikuru yakasviba maguta munyika.

Zimbabwe

Kuramba kundorondedzera 10 maguta akawanda yakasvibiswa munyika, munhu haagoni kufuratira rimwe remasangano maindasitiri nzvimbo mu China pasi nezita Zimbabwe. Zvinonzi rakamiswa mu huru marasha-mugodhi munharaunda nyika. Yakapoteredza munharaunda dzinongoitika chikomo chete asi Dziine migodhi nokuda dzokubudisa zvicherwa. Uyezve, unorema mumigodhi kuti pamutemo kugadzirwa. Kuvapedzera basa ravo kumativi wachi kushatisa ivhu deposits.

Zvisinei, migodhi dzakawanda dziri zviduku dambudziko. Kuwedzera mumigodhi, kakawanda marasha kubudiswa miti anoshanda muruwa guta. Pamwe nevanhu kukura, iyo kukasawedzerwa vachangosvika vashandi, uye vakawedzera uwandu mota. Dzavo aibatanidza chiutsi choutsi ose zvine chepfu mumhepo kubva mabhizimusi omunharaunda zvakakonzera nemafashamo Arsenic tigutsikane mumhepo.

vagari veguta vanofanira kubuda mu Masiki unodzivirira kuti dzinobvisa zvinokachidza ngozi uye zvishoma kubvisa caustic nemarasha kwakanaka. Kusvibiswa Air mu Zimbabwe inokosha zvokuti andapeni pashure yokushambidza, akaturika nepahwindo rava dema zvachose pashure maminitsi mashoma. Pane zvakawanda vagari veguta vanorwiswa bronchitis, mabayo, nezvimwewo zvirwere zvemapapu.

Kabwe

Tikaramba kufunga maguta akawanda yakasviba munyika. Next mu chepamusoro yedu - Kabwe guta, raiva 150 chete kubva rudzi African kuti Zambia kuti guta. It anozivikanwa munharaunda iyi deposits enyika kupfuura mutobvu-vapfumi matombo. Kwemazana emakore pano kumhanya maindasitiri chepfu simbi mined. Kushaikwa achitonetsekawo nezvakatipoteredza ezvinhu munharaunda kunotungamirira inokosha nemhepo yakasviba, pasi uye ivhu. Kure wezviuru makiromita kubva muguta racho ngozi kwete kunwa kubva mumatsime, asi chete kufema mhepo. Hazvishamisi, kuti chikamu mutobvu yeimwe muropa akapfuudza Vagari guta anopfuura 10 nguva bvumidzwa muganhu.

Dzerzhinsk

The mazita akawanda mumaguta yakasviba munyika rinowira uye Russian Dzerzhinsk. Soviet nhaka nzvimbo iyi yakakura maindasitiri zvivako kuti kubudiswa namakemikari mbishi zvinhu. Chete munguva kubva 1930 ivhu omunharaunda "zvabatsira" vanopfuura zviuru 300 matani muchetura yeimwe.

Maererano ichangobva tsvakurudzo, nhasi nhamba phenols zvinouraya uye carcinogenic dioxins pamvura vemo kusapfuudza chokupika mitemo chiuru kakati. Avhareji mukono upenyu anotarisirwa pano anenge 42 makore, uye vakadzi - makore 47. Tichifunga zviri pamusoro apa, hazvishamisi kuti Dzerzhinsk kuiswawo pakati pemazita, inova maguta akawanda yakasviba pamusoro ikoroji wenyika.

Norilsk

Kubva pamakore okutanga ayo wenyama, Russian Norilsk akawedzera pamazita, ndiyo inonyanya zvakasvibiswa maguta nyika nendege. Tiine 50-ies wekupedzisira remakore, guta rino ane mukurumbira wokuva mumwe vatungamiriri rinorema indasitiri panyika.

Maererano ichangobva umboo kubva Organization kuti kudzorwa zvakatipoteredza ezvinhu munyika gore negore omunharaunda inongorira anopfuura 1000 matani chepfu zvibereko kuora pakati nickel uye mhangura. In mhepo zvakazara yakaoma nesurferi oxide. Somugumisiro, avhareji hunotarisira vomunzvimbo upenyu hwakanga kuderedzwa 10-15 zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe nyika makore.

La Oroya

Peruvian maindasitiri muzinda La Oroya uyewo inowira pamusoro apo pane maguta akawanda yakasviba munyika. Zvishomanana nzvimbo taundi riri mujinga mezvikomo eAndes, apo pesimbi deposits vari dzichiitika Inonyanya simbi. Mutariri weboka emakore anoverengeka vari mubasa dzokubudisa mutobvu, mhangura, zingi, uye nezvimwe zvicherwa pamusoro muindasitiri akamboona. Panyaya iyi, zvakatipoteredza mamiriro ezvinhu munharaunda anoramba pasina kutarisira kunoitwa nemasangano dzakasiyana. Nhasi muguta La Oroya zvinosuruvarisa kuzvakasikwa South America senzvimbo pane chikuru mwero wokufa kwevanhu pakati pavana.

Sukinde

Kufunga maguta akawanda yakasviba munyika vanofanira kuteerera Indian maindasitiri centre Sukinde. Inobereka zvinopfuura 95% kuti chromium munyika. Somugumisiro muguta mukati mashomanana emakore, zvava chaiyo nzvimbo yokurasira marara. Muruwa mumusha, pane zvakawanda pazvikomo kuti vari zvachose mavambo nomunhu.

The chadenga pamusoro Sukinde vabudiswa tani hexavalent chromium. Zviri fuma inozivikanwa anowedzera simba kuti inotungamirira kuti paumbwe masero kenza pamuviri. Akawanda ane carcinogen rinowanikwa kwete munharaunda mhepo, asi ivhu uye mvura, iyo rinoshandiswa vagari veguta mvura yokunwa.

paChernobyl

Sezvo chikazozikamwa, ari paChernobyl njodzi, iyo yakaitika emakore apfuura, nanhasi zvikuru zvinotyisa tsaona panyika murume-akakonzera munhoroondo yevanhu. Nechekare pamakore okutanga pashure nokuputika yenyukireya reactor simba anosima, nhamba kubatwawo vakawanda vakapfuura mufananidzo mamiriyoni 5.5. The pamwero mukuru tsaona akaita kukodzera upenyu haisi chete pedyo neguta Pripyat, asiwo kwakaita kuti paumbwe nharaunda yacho kudzingwa mapazi ose 30 km akapoteredza musha.

Gore paChernobyl iri kuramba rakava ari pamazita, apo pane maguta akawanda yakasviba munyika. Mazana ematani zvakapfumisa plutonium uye uranium exchange ichiri pfungwa munzvimbo riri rimwe chakasakara reactor. Maererano pamutemo data, munharaunda chii chinobatanidzwa mu achisiya rokufambira, anoramba kurarama vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni mashanu.

Vapi

guta Indian pamusoro Vapi inoremekedzwa vanopfuura zviuru 70 vanhu. Vose vari kunzvimbo ichiwedzerwa ngozi dzoutano hwevanhu uye upenyu. Sezvo mashoko masangano zvakatipoteredza, pari hapana michina kuti aizobvumira omunharaunda yakachena mhepo, mvura uye ivhu kubva zvine chepfu.

Vapi iri munharaunda yacho maindasitiri bhandi urefu makiromita anenge 400. mabhizimisi Local kudzivisa mari mari marara, izvo rikaunganidza ari zvachose zvechisimba nzvimbo muruwa muguta. Vapi ariwo mhando nzvimbo yokurasira marara kuti misha pedyo.

Pano pane hombe kuunganidza tsvina makemikari, Textiles, mafuta yokucheneswa Enterprises. Heavy nesimbi, zvinhu zvinokachidza, mishonga yokuuraya zvipembenene, rine kuiisa chlorine nemekiyuri fuma nezuva kuwa murwizi uye mvura pevhu, Vakasara mikuru manyuko yokunwa nokuti vomunzvimbo. Kuti tinzwisise rapanzvimbo zvakatipoteredza njodzi, tarisa parwizi Colac, riri pedyo Vapi. Maererano nevaongorori, panguva mvura yokupedzisira iri zvachose hapana upenyu vokubereka.

In mhedziso

Saka isu akatarisa chii maguta akawanda yakasvibiswa munyika here kukodzera mamiriro avo. Kutaura zvazviri, mazita remaguta zvinouraya zvinosanganisira mazana maguta munyika yose. In kuera zvedu isu akapa chete mienzaniso Cherechedza aiva hanya nemafungiro womunhu hunhu uye zvavo dzinogarisana.