Negative uye zvakanaka basa mabhakitiriya

In quantitative nemashoko, ruduku zvipenyu - kupfuura vakawanda vaigara munyika, makungwa, mhepo. Maererano masayendisiti, mumwe chete giremu ivhu anobvumawo utachiona vanopfuura mamiriyoni zana. Uye pazvinhu kugarwa nyika zvinenge kugara nzvimbo inoremekedzwa yokutanga. Pashure pezvose, vakaonekwa panyika anopfuura bhiriyoni 3,7 akapfuura. Uye vamwe vavo vave kubva achinja shoma kunyange! Chii Basa utachiona zvakasikwa? Umo pezvakaitwa yose inowanikwa, zvisikwa izvi roga? Ndedzipi zvinobatsira uye zviri kukuvadza muviri womunhu? mibvunzo yose iyi achaedza kupa mhinduro pfupi munyaya ino.

A zvishoma pamusoro utachiona

Nature, kutanga utachiona akapa kumboitika kumucheto uye unhu zhinji vasisiri vakawanda nevamwe vagere Nyika. Ivo vanokwanisa withstanding yakakwirira uye yakaderera tembiricha nyore kurarama panguva mukuru uye yakaderera mumhepo kumanikidzwa, anenge asina okisijeni. Tusingaoneki sokunge aida kuti kugarwa kuti nyika itsva, kugadzirira pamusoro kujairwa, asi pasingagarwi kundima. Ane kumbonyanya chinyakare marongerwo (kupfuura - celled) bacteria vane hombe kuchengeterwa simba, ivo zvichida vari inonyatsobudirira ari anozivikanwa yaivapo zvipenyu.

Nekwavanogara

Utachiona ava ubiquitous, zvinowanika kwose kwose: panyika, mumakungwa uye makungwa, mudenga uye kunyange mukati nezvimwe zvinhu. Ndivo vazhinji, zviuru. Pasinei neizvi, utachiona vanova "munodziziva" munhu chete yapfuura, pashure nokugadzirwa ari Manyiminya mudziyo, Anowanza zvinhu. Ipapo masayendisiti vaigona kuona kwavari, vanoti, chokutanga ruoko. Uye zvisati, hombe mapoka utachiona aivapo kucherechedzwa kubatsira, zvisingaoneki kana kukonzera kukuvadza kuvanhu vose. Chii basa utachiona zvakasikwa? Ndeupi wavo vari kubatsira, uye chii chakaipa? Ngatitarisei pasi maikorosikopu!

The rakanaka rinoitwa mabhakitiriya

Izvi Vagari vekare nyika airatidzika nehanya kwavo dzinogarisana nharaunda, kuunza zvichivabatsira yose zvayo, uye vanhu zvikuru. The rakanaka rinoitwa mabhakitiriya anogona kuonekwa munyaya dzakasiyana-siyana simba: hunhu, mhepo, munhu. Ngatikurukurei chimwe nechimwe chazvo.

medics muzvarirwo

The ndechokuti vakawanda kwemabhakitiriya kudya akafa zvasara nezvimwe zvisikwa, sekanguva "vatarisiri" yokuchenesa hunhu marara uye usarega kuunganidza tsvina. In sainzi, chiitiko ichi anonzi saprotroph. Pasina mabhakitiriya nyika nyore ndokuvhungwa pamusoro vazhinji tsvina mhando ichi kuti kuraswa zvachose. Ndizvo tusingaoneki zhinji, sevapristi vanamukoti.

Blue-girini algae

Uye cyanobacteria izvi, kare zvisizvo akadana algae, vanokwanisa kuitawo photosynthesis. Positive basa mabhakitiriya ichi mhando ndiyo kugadzirwa okisijeni vakawanda. Masayendisiti takatsunga kuti kare zvinenge tuduku izvi vakatanga kuumba mhepo paNyika. Somugumisiro, yakanga chete nzira isu vakajaira ayo anzwe. Zvechokwadi, mune runyararo ano okisijeni kubudikidza photosynthesis kubudisa yebhuruu-nyoro algae kwete chete. Asi ndiro rine chokwadi uye weshumba mugove - shure kwavo. Uye zvakanga zvisingaiti pasina bacteria izvi kuti paumbwe nemiti uye fauna of panyika ari muchimiro yavanofanira zviripo nhasi.

Riparadzirwe zvinhu

Chimwe rakanaka rinoitwa utachiona - kuita munyika yose makopi zvinhu zvakasikwa. Panyika uye mugungwa, mudenga kuramba kuenda Exchange pasi pose zvinhu. All zvinhu pamusoro Nyika vari kutamira kubva mumwe muviri mumwe. Pasina tupukanana tusingaoneki, kwakadaro kuchinja angadai hazvitomboiti. Chinonyanya vadzidza sayenzi senitrogen kutenderera chichiitwa, chine anoverengeka nhanho: Kuda kutamba, oxidation, zvinoderedza (by kuorera mazviri kana ammonification). In zvose zvitatu nguva kwemasayendisiti vari kuitwa mamwe mapoka mabhakitiriya. nodule ichi uye Kurovedza tusingaoneki munyaya manyowa uye kutendeuka dzinotsanagura puroteni. Masayendisiti akaratidza nezvokupindira ava kaduku-zvisikwa zviri kubereka uye kusanduka carbon dioxide, sarufa, simbi, uye phosphorus. Parizvino pasi mamwe kuongorora izvi zvakavapo.

ngetani chikafu

Chii basa utachiona mumaratidzirwo simba zvipenyu? Pasinei chokwadi kuti zvinenge aya microscopically duku, ivo zvokudya zvimwe zvisikwa makuru. Izvo, akavapindurawo, kufudza vamwe. Chokwadi, Somuenzaniso, nokuti vanhu havasi utachiona somunhu chinokosha chikamu zvokudya. Asi zvisina zvatinoita kuchidya, pasina kunyange ndaona. Muenzaniso unoshamisa - chikafu Kuchengetedzwa mudende, uye rose "kislomolochka" (zviya, doro uye waini ndiwo mugumisiro basa mabhakitiriya uye hunokuvadza). nguva dzose aripo akafanana zvigadzirwa vari National chili dzavanhu venyika.

munhu

Chii muupenyu kwemabhakitiriya (murume)? The tusingaoneki kurarama dumbu vane hunhu hwakanaka uye ushamwari "vavakidzani." Ava vanosanganisira Bifidobacterium uye Bacteroides uye E. coli, enterococci, lactobacilli. Vose kuti anobatsira microflora uye vanoita wokudzivirira uye zvomudumbu mabasa. It Vakawana kuti zvose dumbu tusingaoneki hunorema anenge matatu makirogiramu. Zviri akanaka kwazvo kubva muzana mazwi.

The akaipa basa mabhakitiriya

Asi tusingaoneki izvi vanotambira zvakatipoteredza uye upenyu hwevanhu kwete chete yakanaka basa. Mumuviri wedu, mamwe mabhakitiriya (anenge 1%) angava pathogenic kushanda muna mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu. ngozi Great hwakazarawo parasitic utachiona anogona kukonzera zvirwere: .. Hosha, korera, etc. Of zvirwere zvishoma ngozi anogona kunzi angina, pulmonary kuzvimba. Saka, zvichida, masayendisiti vanosarudza kuramba shoma tupukanana izvi kudzora.

Chimwe akaipa basa mabhakitiriya - dzavo munyaya nouori dzinodyiwa. Under zvimwe zvinhu, vanokwanisa "kudya" vasara kunze mufiriji zvokudya akatsvinda nokukurumidza nguva. Pashure paizvozvo, vanhu, zvigadzirwa izvi vava unusable.