Keji: tsananguro, mamiriro, kupatsanura

Structural chairema chipi muviri ndiwo sero. Tsanangudzo mamiriro iyi yakatanga kushandiswa Robert guk, kana vakadzidza maumbirwo zvinyama pasi maikorosikopu. Zvino masayendisiti akawana vazhinji zvakasiyana sero mhando kuti zvinowanika zvakasikwa. The chete zvinenge noncellular hurongwa vari wanda.

Keji: tsananguro, mamiriro

Keji - a STRUCTURAL uye morpho-dzichipfekeka chairema zvose zvipenyu. Kusiyanisa unicellular uye zvipuka zvine masero akawanda zvinenge.

masero akawanda zvinotevera yakarongeka: a unhani midziyo, musimboti uye cytoplasm pamwe organelles. Cover anogona anomiririrwa cytoplasmic Kamudzira uye muchitokisi rusvingo. The neerekitironi organelles ane muchitokisi eukaryotic chete, Kurondedzera iyo hwakasiyana prokaryotic.

The masero zvipuka zvine masero akawanda zvipenyu dzinoumba rejira, izvo zvinozoita vari rutivi nhengo nenyere enyika. Vakasvika inosiyana uye anogona dzinosiyana chimiro ushande. Kusiyanisa izvi zvivako duku kunogona chete pamaikirosikopu.

Ndechipi sero zvipenyu. Definition masero prokaryotic

Tupukanana tusingaoneki, akadai nemabhakitiriya, muri inonyatsoratidza prokaryotic zvipenyu. Ichi Sero mhando kuri nyore mamiriro, kureva. K. ndisipo utachiona uye dzimwe chinoumba cytoplasmic organelles. Nhaka ruzivo zvirimowo mu tusingaoneki kushandiswa chivako - nucleoid uye organelle mashandiro mashandiro mesosoma ayo inoumbwa invagination pakati plasma Kamudzira kupinda muchitokisi.

Ndezvipi zvimwe zvinhu rine sero prokaryotic? The tsanangudzo rinoti kuti kuvapo cilia uye flagella uye runozivisa mabhakitiriya. Ichi mamwe gwenya chikwata yakasiyana akasiyana mapoka zvipenyu: mumwe munhu ane mumwe chete flagellum mumwe munhu pane vaviri kana kupfuura. In ciliates flagella ikoko, asi pane cilia zvose pamusoro arikunze muchitokisi.

Inclusion kutamba hombe muupenyu kwemabhakitiriya, kureva. A., masero Prokaryotic regai nhaka organelles kuti vanokwanisa kuunganidza zvinodiwa zvinhu. Inclusions anowanikwa cytoplasm uye imwe kompaktiziruyutsya. Kana zvakakodzera, mabhakitiriya anogona kushandisa izvi akaunganidza zvinhu zvavo pachavo zvavanoda, kuti tirambe zvakajairika basa.

masero eukaryotic

masero Eukaryotic ndivo evolutionarily kupfuura mberi sezvo zvichienzaniswa masero prokaryotic. Vose yokuita organelles uye mwoyo - nzvimbo kuchengetera uye kupararira magene mashoko.

Tsanangudzo "sero" zvakarurama anorondedzera maumbirwo eukaryotes. Sero rimwe nerimwe akazadza cytoplasmic Kamudzira, uko kunomiririrwa bilipidnym rukoko nemapurotini. Zvayaiva pamusoro glycocalyx, iyo chakaumbwa glycoproteins anoita kushanda Kanotokonya. In chirimwa masero uyewo secrete foni rusvingo.

The cytoplasm pamusoro eukaryotes raimiririra colloidal mhinduro, rine organelles, cytoskeleton uye inclusions siyana. Pakati yoga organelles endoplasmic reticulum (mvere, rough), kuti Golgi midziyo, lysosomes, peroxisomes, mitochondria uye plastids zvinomera. Microtubule cytoskeleton raimiririra, microfilaments uye zvenguva microfilaments. zvivako izvi dzinoumba puranga, uyewo kubatanidzwa weboka. Direct muchinangwa izvi ndiyo musimboti, inova chero sero mhuka. Kutsunga, kuwana cytoskeleton uye sero Center Ukobvu zvinogoneka chete nokushandiswa ano maikorosikopu simba.

Core - dvumembrannaya maumbirwo ichi, zviri izvo zviri kukurukurwa karyolymph. Rine mashoko okutodza dzine DNA masero ose. The tsanga ndiye anokonzera transcription majini ane Muviri uyewo anodzora kupatsanura zvokukura panguva mitosis uye meiosis amitosis.

Non-cellular zvipenyu

Ndechipi sero mu zvipenyu? Tsanangudzo iyi izwi rinogona kushandiswa kutsanangura maumbirwo chero muviri, asi pane kusaina. Saka, nemavhairasi ndivo vanonyanya vamiririri dzisiri cellular upenyu siyana. .. sangano ravo nyore, kuti ndiye nemavhairasi - vari kutapuriranwa yomuchipatara zviri mamiriro zvine mbiri chete Organic zvinoriumba: DNA kana RNA uye puroteni nguo.

Nemavhairasi vari tupukanana chaiyo mhuka uye chirimwa masero. Mushure kupinda mukati musero utachiona akaiswa kwayo nucleic asidhi ane DNA chinoumba, pashure iyo unotanga kwetunhu utachiona majini. Somugumisiro, zviri musero inova yorudzii fekitari kuti pagadzirwe itsva utachiona nezvimedu, izvo saka kuwedzera nhamba dzavo. Mushure manipulations dzakadaro sero eukaryotic kazhinji anofa.

Utachiona kutambura utachiona kurwiswa, izvo zvinoumba boka bacteriophages. muviri wavo une chimiro dodecahedron, uye "jekiseni" nucleic asidhi munzvimbo kwemabhakitiriya muchitokisi kunoitika Via caudal muitiro raimiririra contractile viomak, womukati mugodhi uye basal lamina.