Nemakonzo - kirasi kana mhando? Nemakonzo - a mhando yokuzviparadzanisa, kana? Characterization pamusoro nemakonzo

The vamiririri rodent rokutanga akaonekwa Cretaceous yaitonga. Uye sainzi, vava kuzivikanwa kubva pakutanga Paleocene. Masayendisiti, paleontologists vanodavira kuti nemakonzo zvaiva madzitateguru Mbeswa.

Rodent: munhu mukuru muchidimbu

pane vamiriri akasiyana zvachose uremu Mapato pakati mhuka boka iri. Muviri kureba 5 masendimita Birch mbeva. Capybara anogona kusvika 130 masendimita pakureba, uye kwayo uremu zvichisiyana 6 kusvika 60 makirogiramu. Nokuda akasiyana-siyana mhando nemakonzo kwokunze nemamiriro muviri anogona siyana. Somuenzaniso, rimwe gumbo angava akasiyana maonero. Nemakonzo vari 5- kana 4-palye forelimbs uye 3-, 4-, 5-palye shure. The bhachi iri siyana chaizvo - kubva nounyoro kune gobvu uye sparse, kana kunyange achiumba tsono kusimuka. Makara kuri siyana. On muviri hapana ziya omumuviri, dzinoratidzwa pamberi chete sebaceous. Nzvimbo ziya mumasero ndivo sole. Kuwanda minyatso zvichisiyana 2 kusvika 12 nomwe.

Maererano mhando yezvokudya vamiririri vemhuri vazhinji kusiyana. Unogona kusarudza herbivorous, omnivorous, Mbeswa uye hove-kudya nemakonzo.

STRUCTURAL zvinhu

Mamirire zviratidzo inotsvedzerera Hemisférios Cerebrais; rwakakwana thermoregulation; kuvapo vaviri vaviri vaviri zvikuru akakudza nechepakati incisors kuti kukura kumarudzi hwavo uye havana midzi. Chimiro mazino izvi akafanana mbezo uye unopinza kwazvo, uri mukati divi ivo zvemapuranga nyoro dentin, ukuwo chikamu pamberi pamusoro zvemapuranga chikukutu enamel. Izvi STRUCTURAL chinhu achibvumira kuzvipira Sharpening vematombo kana zvakakodzera. Canines ndisipo nemakonzo, uye pakati incisors uye molars ndiyo diastema (zvibereko nzvimbo). Uwandu mazino dzakasiyana mhando zvichisiyana 12 kusvika 20.

Zvichienderana mhando mararamiro uye zvokudya molars dzingasiyana mazino maumbirwo pemvura. Zvinogona lumpy kana mizinga. Lips kuita rwokudzivirira basa, kudzivirira muromo siyana siyana nezvimedu ndisingadiwi. The nemamiriro kutsenga tsandanyama, raiva shure shaya uye nokuvhara shaya, shaya pamberi anobvumira bulging kana zvakakodzera. Ndiyo kusiyana configuration pamusoro tsandanyama idzi dzaiva chiratidzo naro Classified ari nemakonzo. The dumbu anogona kuva nyore kana multi-yomukati. Nokuti zvose asi dormice, dzinoratidzwa pamberi cecum, asi zononoka peta isina.

Nemakonzo kupatsanura chikwata

Nemakonzo kukupfura pakupedzisira Classified. Kutozosvikira munguva ichangopfuura, lagomorphs, yakatsaurirwa ari oga yokuzviparadzanisa nhasi, uyewo vaiva naye.

To musi, pane mhuri dzinopfuura 40, 30 iyo zvinosanganisira vamiririri akararama murayiro uyu. Species kusiyana ari chaizvo zvakanaka anomirirwa mune boka nemakonzo, maererano nokufungidzira siyana, pane pakati 1,600 uye 2,000 marudzi.

The kwakapararira kuparadzirwa siyana kwemarudzi ose nemakonzo rinoratidza kusanganiswa kutonga wevamiriri zvavo pakati mhuka. mhando 150 mhuri 11 ano, kusanganisira Letyagovye, Squirrel, Beaver, BoyzMikaro, Spalacidae, murine, Soneva, dipodidae, et unto., nyuchi akazaruka nharaunda unozvidzora uye subtropical zvikamu, kunyanya dzisinganayi zvikamu. Nokuti vazhinji mhando dzinoratidzwa kuitisa nzira Semi-pachivande upenyu, kana chete simba riri kusvitsa pemvura.

Mhuka dzomusango nemakonzo, kutungamirira masikati nousiku upenyu, zvikuru nezviduku - vakawanda zvikuru vamiririri vavo akatambanudza pose.

zvichireva nemakonzo

Zvinozivikanwa kuti nemakonzo zviri kuitika mu ivhu inotungamirwa. burrowing basa ravo rine kunobatsirawo chirimwa yauinayo.

Kukura kunoenderana ya upenyu: nemakonzo duku kurarama mhuka kubva 1.5 2 makore uye guru - kubva 4 makore 7. Kutanga kuyaruka ari maduku mhando kunoitika muna 2-3 mwedzi, uye takawanda - mumakore 1-1,5. Kuwanda duku kadikidiki nemakonzo kuti gore inokwanisa generating kusvikira 6-8 nguva 8-15 pups vanogona kukura kusvika kakawanda mune mamwe makore. Ipapo nemakonzo vari kukonzera kukuru kukuvara kurima. Pakati mhuka yokuzviparadzanisa ngozi iri, avo vari vatakuri zvirwere zvakakomba uye utachiona. Izvi Somuenzaniso, ivhu squirrels uye marmots. Squirrels, muskrats uye Nutria vane inokosha mbava, panyaya iyi, rava chinokosha anotongwa mbava kutengeserana. Two marudzi uye subspecies mashanu nemakonzo dzakarongwa se panjodzi.

Typical vamiririri hurongwa

Mhuri vechigaro boka nemakonzo, mazita iyo anoratidzwa pazasi zvinosanganisira zvikuru siyana pachitarisiko uye mararamiro mhuka.

• Shemu. Tsindi: Common tsindi, pasi tsindi, chipmunk buzz, Mexican Prairie imbwa, Groundhog.
• Shemu. Letyagovye: ichibhururuka tsindi.
• Shemu. Goferovye: Flat Gopher.
• Shemu. Beaver: Beaver.
• Shemu. Pedetidae: Strider.
• Shemu. BoyzMikaro: zvakafanana BoyzMikaro, Jungar BoyzMikaro, zvakajairika zokor, vole, kweArctic lemming, Siberian Lemming, gerbil kukuru.
• Shemu. Chidembo makonzo: chikuru norwaivhi-gonzo.
• Shemu. Mouse: Eurasian Kukohwa mbeva, Pasyuk.
• Shemu. Soneva: Sadovaya Sonya.
• Shemu. Selevinievye: Selevinia.
• Shemu. Myshovkovye: dondo Birch mbeva.
• Shemu. Dipodidae: nemvumi-tailed Pygmy inosvetuka, inosvetuka kukuru.
• Shemu. Old nyika porcupine: Indian porcupine.
• Shemu. American porcupines: Porcupine wokuBrazil.
• Shemu. Caviidae: Guinea nguruve, Patagonian Mara.
• Shemu. Vodosvinkovye: capybara.
• Shemu. Chinchilla: asi Chinchilla, bizcacha.
• Shemu. Nutrievye: Nutria.

The shanduka gwara nemakonzo

The zvisaririra zvemhuka zvasara nemakonzo yekare, zvakawanda izvo zvinowanikwa North America uye Eurasia, zvakanga vashomanana uye akafanana ano mbeva. Chete vashoma rudzi ndivo zvishoma zvikuru dzakabudirira pane vakawanda uye ukasvika Beaver hukuru.

Yokutanga yakaratidza zviratidzo izvo vakava anosiyaniswa nezvimwe rodent mhuka yakafanana yakanga shaya mamiriro, uye zvakawanda zvakananga, kuti kwaita noruzhinji incisors. mhuka idzi dzakanga zvikuru vane mwero uye zvishoma nezvishoma zvinoenderana ezvinhu zvemhoteredzo siyana, pamwe zvinhu chidziro, zvichienderana mararamiro, akatanga kumira panze zvakanyatsojeka.

Ancient duku nemakonzo vanotama achimhanya, uye ipapo pane avo mhando vakadzidza kuti kusvetuka. In zvakafanana, boka pevhu nemakonzo vakanga voga, nemamiriro yeDehenya, tsoka uye nenzara izvo zvava noruzhinji zvinhu.

Vamwe inonyanya nhasi nemakonzo - makonzo uye makonzo - dzakabuda zvikuru gare gare. Vamiririri yekare siyana emhuka idzi dzaiva European Pliocene strata.

Pakugadzirisa vamiririri murayiro ichiwanika chaizvoizvo kuti munhu, nokuti nemakonzo zvaiva "stowaways" ngarava mugungwa Reisen, uye gare gare vakafamba mapoka engamera mugwenga, uye zvitima munjanji. Vanorarama pedyo munhu uye nanhasi. Chaizvo mudzimba uye zvipfuwo mapurazi, zviyo dzokuchengetera uye mumatura nezvatinopiwa.

Nemakonzo: genera huru tupukanana

Makonzo - ndivo vamiririri genus rattus, rinosvika 63 marudzi. mhuka aya akatambanudza pasi pose. Asi 2 nemhando makonzo kukonzera kunyanya chakakomba kukuvara vanhu, kukanganisa zvirimwa, kuparadza zvokudya uye kuva vatakuri chirwere. Tiri kutaura dema uye ndachena gonzo, iyo inowanzonzi Pasyuk. Uye avo nevamwe - kunoshamisa vamiririri tupukanana dzevanhu. Maererano nemararamiro, unogona kuona mamwe kusiyana vamiririri kwemarudzi izvi. Black - zviri zvimwe "whimsical" gonzo. Rodent anoda noushamwari uye upenyu, sezvo mutemo, muna vanhu paugaro, apo Pasyuk chaizvo vanonzwa uye pokugara, vofamba misha. Black gonzo anowana ubiquity wawo pangarava. MuBritain, nemakonzo izvi vava vatakuri denda, iro kwakaurayisa mamiriyoni avanhu. Pasyuk vaiona nzvimbo yechizvarirwo pakati China, umo mune yokutanga yezana XVIII remakore. rodent akapinda Europe, kukuvadza dema gonzo. Both mhando - nemakonzo vane ngozi zvikuru. Vanogona kuva vatakuri denda, typhus, leptospirosis, toxoplasmosis.

Mouse - a zviduku nemakonzo. Types pamwe chete zita anowanikwa mumhuri dzakawanda. The kupfuura mifananidzo vamiririri okunze mapazi - Eurasian Kukohwa mbeva nehuni mbeva; Africa - African Grass Rat uye mitsetse munda mbeva; Australia - Asian drevesnomysh uye chipingamupinyi mupunga BoyzMikaro. Asi chinonyanya akakurumbira zvichiri ndiyo imba egwavava, pasinei dzayo duku ukuru, haisi ngozi utano hwevanhu. Other negonzo sei upfumi mamiriro ezvinhu munyika, kunokuvadza zvirimwa zvinomera okurima uye mumatanda zvokudya. dambudziko iri chiripo kunyanya chakasimba munzvimbo dzinopisa. Anenge mbeva ose omnivorous, asi zvatinofarira anopiwa kudyara zvokudya uye chete neapo zvinodya nezvipembenene. For mbeva zvinosanganisira zvimwe duku mhuka. Muenzaniso unoshamisa ndiyo pfupi BoyzMikaro ane uremu - kwete kupfuura 10 g.

Voles vari pedyo nehama hamsters, makonzo nembeva. Voles uye lemmings tiri chikamu hwokufananidzira subfamily, ane nhengo vachigaramo chando dziri Northern Hemisphere. In rokunze nemamiriro ane hunhu: pfupi muswe uye woita mhino. Kudeuka mhuka 99 mhando genus ichi - American musk gonzo, rinonziwo muskrat. Izvi mhuka nemakonzo kunge dzakashandisa upenyu mumvura, vawana panguva shanduka nezvevamwe morphological zvinhu. Sezvo kazhinji herbivorous, voles aizomutorera zvokurima uye zvokudya indasitiri. nemakonzo izvi kudya mhuka zhinji uye shiri dzamakondo, izvo zvinoratidza dzavo zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza kukosha.

Interesting zvinhu pamusoro nemakonzo

• Nemakonzo vanova saka kwakapararira panyika, iro vakazadzwa vose makondinendi kunze Antarctica.
• Kudeuka rodent upenyu mu South America makore mamiriyoni mana apfuura. Weight vanhu vaigona kusvika 1 tani. Pari, chikuru nhengo kurongeka chinhu capybara.
• A malayan Porcupine ari Guinness Book of Records, wakararama makore 27 uye 4 months.
• nhaka kwezvinhu Japanese vakauya mhando rodent mutant. A pachena chinoratidza murabhoritari mutant ndechokuti unogona tweet, seshiri.
• Image chipmunk buzz pane maoko maguta maviri Sverdlovsk dunhu - Volchansk uye Krasnoturyinsk.
• The Chinese karenda gore vane Mouses, uye Zoroastrianism - Beaver gore negore Protein.
• The inonyanya kufarirwa katuni rodent ndiyo chikwata vanunuri mabasa Walt Disney: burunduchata Chip uye Dale, gonzo uye negonzo Rocky nut. Zvinonzi zvakare kuzivikanwa nokuda nemakonzo pamwe kusetsa manzwi kubva mutambo kufirimu "Alvin uye Chipmunks."
• Professor Dzhenni Morton Cambridge University akaita kudzidza pamusoro migumisiro methamphetamine pamusoro mhuka. Kuedza akaitwa pasi mbeva. Netsaona, kwakaonekwa kuti mumhanzi ruzha runogonesa kuti toxicity ehupfumi zvinodhaka. Kubva boka rine vanhu 40, uyo akateerera Bach, chete mana akanga afa panguva kana pakarepo mushure kuedza. Asi kubva 40 mbeva, kuteerera mumhanzi The Prodigy, 7 akafa panzvimbo pakarepo. Chokwadi, hakusi kuti anokosha aesthetic chikabviswa kuteerera, uye kuita mutinhimira pulsing ruzha, izvo kwakamutsa nokusimbaradza pakati chepfu maturo.
• Clever Rat - zvidhakwa. Nyaya iyi zvechokwadi anogadza ichi mhando. Nemakonzo vanonyanya kukunda inovhiringidza, haagoni kuramba "girazi". mhedziso iyi kujairika chakaitwa purofesa paUniversity Konkordiya Monrealya. vanhu vaya zvakanaka nezvatinovavarira mu inovhiringidza akakurumidza vakafunga pamusoro doro kukurukurirana uye pfungwa euphoria kuti induces. Izvi zvinoratidzwa yokuti yakafunga doro, akaiswa kuti pamakumbo pake. Asi zvishoma savvy gonzo haana kunzwisisa ikoku uye kuti girazi kunyange pedyo, Funky kusingafadzi kunhuwa doro.
• With utachiwana, achitora kwakabva HIV, masayendisiti kubva California Institute of Technology akapedza zvemafaro kuedza, mhuka vaipfuura zvimwe majini vane mamwe maitiro kubva zvimwe zvisikwa. Akanyanya zvakanzi vakatakura anoyevedza kuedza kwakadaro: mune rimwe-celled mudumbu mbeva akapinda muramba Gene chinoita kuti dziratidze. Zvinoshamisa, asi mbeva ne yokumwe Gene vanozvarwa vaine anopenya zvakasvibirira fluorescent chiedza miviri. Sokupenya rakava rakadzikama kuchiitwa makonzo izvi uye zvimwe vana vaivawo ichi chinokosha.

Pet nemakonzo

Vana kazhinji hope mhuka dzinovaraidza. Asi vashoma kushivirira, nguva uye kushanda basa. Kupfuura vane mwero iri mupfungwa iyi inogona kunzi musha nemakonzo. Kutarisira mhuka idzodzo anosetsa riri shoma. Kwerunyararo hakurevi chaiwo ezvinhu, uye mari zvakakwana iripo.

Somunhu dzinovaraidza mwana muduku wokutanga unofanira kusarudza chete nemakonzo. Pashure pezvose, mwana anogona zvokudya pacharo uye zvisikwa mamwe, uye vanobatana kuchenesa mumasero.

Pet zvitoro kupa mhuka dzakasiyana-siyana, kufanana nemakonzo. List of rakajairika dziri pasi apa.

A kuwanda hamsters, makonzo, mbeva, Guinea nguruve, gerbils, chinchillas, decoration tsuro, Chipmunks, squirrels, uye kunyange ferrets inotengeswa muzvitoro. Chinonyanya "nyore" Chokwadi, hamsters, izvo akasiyana ndakadzikama uye inotapira nehasha. Mukuwedzera, vari nyore zvikuru kupingudza. Squirrels, chinchillas, tsuro uye ferrets vanoda zvikuru nzvimbo, uye kuvachengeta kuoma.

Sezvo nemakonzo vari vatakuri zvirwere zvakawanda, zvakakodzera nguva Utsanana dzokuvhiya, zvainanga ekudzivirira yavo. Somuenzaniso, mhuka vachangobva kuwana vanoda nguva oga, ndiko kwakakodzera kuitira kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti vari utano. Zvinokoshawo kuti nguva nenguva disinfect zvokushandisa uye tiite disinfection ganda tupukanana.

Makonzo mu New York

Pasinei chokwadi kuti mhuka - ndicho shanduka kukura mukirasi, nemakonzo (yakadai makonzo) vari Kubudirira yebudiriro. Vakaita rakavapo nesu, uye zvikuru kwevanhu kugarwa - yakaisvonaka kunzwa nemakonzo pakati pavanhu. Zvichida ndokusaka sezvo munyika guru gonzo vaakasarudza New York.

Maererano anofungidzirwa data, vagari makonzo guta kasere nhamba yevanhu. Chero nzira rodent kuzvidzora kana kuti kuumba pavabati veguta, izvi mhuka nemakonzo achiri akawana nzira yokupukunyuka.

Vasingadiwi vavakidzani mumakore kuva huru, simba uye yakaorera kupfuura. Uyewo varaidza ndechokuti madhorobha gonzo iri zvikuru yakasvinuka kupfuura kumaruwa. Vakadzidza kunzwisisa zvinhu zvakawanda. Somuenzaniso, kana mumwe mhuka akafa pashure pakuparadza hwemusi, hama dzake pasina haangaregi kuidya. Vadzidza pachivande kukurukurirana uye vanokwanisa kufamba vakakomba guta riri dzimwe nzira.

Makonzo muvakidzani nomurume emakore akawanda, muwande panguva semheni. Gonzo pazera 8 mavhiki asi sexless. Papera gore akakwanisa kubereka 50 mwana pagore. Vakafanana sekasi vatambi vanogona kusundira rakamanikana richizarurwa rakaisvonaka kukwira kutwasuka hukawanika uye dzinoshambira. Iva rakanakisisa kunhuhwidza uye kubata, vanokwanisa kusvetuka metres anoverengeka pakureba uye vari kutamira evanhu idzodzo.

Munguva pfupi yapfuura yakawanikwa kuti makate akawanda akamira kurwisa rats. Iye zvino vanogara pamwe chete norugare navo, vachidya pamwe chete uye vachigara pamwe chete. Chikonzero chei ichi kuenzanisa kwemasimba, iyo munguva yekushanduka-shanduka mumakonzo zvakanyanya kuwedzera.

Kunyange veNew Yorkers ivo pachavo vakamira kurega kutarisa makonzo, ivo zvino vanowedzera kutarisa kweguta. Mapurisa akarega kuvanza, anofamba-famba kumativi emigwagwa, achibva achisiya chikamu chavo pakati pevanhu.

Hungu, hutachiona hahuna kutakura nengozi inouraya, asi huchikuvadza utano. Vana kazhinji vanowanzova nharo dzekumhanya kwavo. Gore negore, vanhu vanopfuura zana vakanganisa vachipinda makiriniki eNew York.

Chimiro chemakonzo chete semapukisi haisi yakakwana. Zvechokwadi, pakati pavo pane zvipembenene zvinokuvadza zvinofanirwa kuparadzwa nemaitiro ose anokwanisa. Asi kunewo mhando dzakadaro, pasina izvo zvingadai zvakave nekusawirirana kwakaipisisa mubasa rinokosha rezvizhinji zvezvisikwa. Uye mapurisa akawanda akafanana nemagetsi anowedzera chikamu chemhuka dzinoedza mu laboratories.

Nokudaro, mapurisa, ane mazita akasiyana zvakasiyana, uye nhamba dzakakura kwazvo, dzakasiyana zvakanyanya mukukosha kwadzo, zvichiunza kuhupenyu hwevanhu uye nyika zvose zvinokuvadza zvakashata uye zvakakosha.