Neuropsychological kururamiswa pauduku: zviitwa, unyanzvi, misimboti, maonero

Neuropsychological chirwere uye kururamiswa vana nenzvimbo imwe kutungamirira nzvimbo pakati anoranga chokuita kusango kuipa kuipa kukura (ontogeny). Basa iri inobva pfungwa imwe guru hurongwa localization kuvakuru pfungwa mabasa. Nhasi neuropsychological Diagnostics uye kururamiswa anoshanda hunobatsira bhora idzva.

Zvinangwa uye Zvinangwa

Neuropsychological Diagnostics uye kururamiswa muvana nechinangwa:

1. Pakusarudza pachiyero unformed yepamusoro mashandiro, kuziva compensatory kuita.
2. Inotungamirwa uye kukura dhefisiti mupfungwa kwendangariro. Izvi zvakabatsira kuvimba simba Links Makazviunganidzira uye kuvagadza kudyidzana pakati mabasa.

Key Points

Ari nyanzvi dzinobva zvimwe nenheyo neuropsychological kururamiswa. Chokutanga, munofanira kunzwisisa kuti unyanzvi izvi haamo sokudzidziswa. Ivo anoratidza paumbwe huru mashandiro uye pezvakaitwa kuti zvinodiwa pakuzadzisa. Kururamiswa rinotanga yokuwana makuriro zvinhu. Saka, pane isina kunanga zvainoita paumbwe deficiental mabasa. Chirongwa anofanira akagadzirirwa maererano mwero kukura pezvakaitwa uropi. Vector Anoumba mabasa - kubva pasi kusvikira kumusoro kuruboshwe, kubva mukati kunze. Mitemo internalization kwacho - hwaro chirongwa, iyo inoitwa musi Neuropsychological kururamisa muuduku. Zviitwa zvinofanira vanova zvikuru kunzwisisa, uye rubatsiro kunze zvapera basa - kutapudzwa. Somugumisiro, mwana kunoita kubva pamwe kwavanoita kuzvinzwira kutungamirirwa, kutanga muAtlantic uye ipapo mheto nokurairirwa. Chirongwa unofanira kugovera kudzidzisa ari muchimiro mitambo. Zvakafanira kuti kuchaitwa makakatanwa, kuwedzera chido, chiwedzere kushanda kwouropi basa pasina kukuvara.

Zvakakurukurwa chirongwa kukura

neuropsychological kururamiswa nzira vanosarudzwa mumwe nomumwe mwana mumwe. Kuti aite izvi, isu aidzidza hurongwa Kuongorora mashoko. Kubva STRUCTURAL zviri dzakanga mashandiro achavaponesa kutungamirirwa nedzidziso basa panguva Makuriro nyonganyonga. Neuropsychological chirwere uye kururamiswa muuduku anoitwa pachishandiswa mifananidzo matatu dzichipfekeka kutigumbura uropi (maererano pfungwa A. R. Lurii). Pfungwa iri rwakabhadharwa kuna pakagadzwa hemispheric kwokukurukurirana. Zvakafanira kuti abudirire nzira dzose kushanda kwendangariro.

Kugadzirwa zvishande bhora

inotungamirwa Its kunotangira mumazuva okutanga muupenyu. Chokutanga munhu muduku rwuripowo mhuri (musha) upenyu. Pano iye anogamuchira guru mari nezvekufadza: anoona vanhu vakavapoteredza, zvinonzi zvokudya, iye anonzwa yakasiyana kubata pamuviri, anonzwa manzwi, ruzha, etc. Unonzi kuti panguva dzakasiyana makore vana kukura mupfungwa gogonera .. Somuenzaniso, paumbwe injini mashandiro vakawanda kuzviita mumakore 1.5-2. A mwana pazera iri kudzidza kutsungirira zvinhu, nemiviri yavo. Pashure pemakore 1.5, kusashanda kutaura kukura. Mwana anotanga kuvaka Mutauro unokura, okuti kutaura kukura kunoitika, nguva mibvunzo uye neshoko zvisikwa. Mumwe basa rinoenderana vasanonoka zera inokudziridza zvikuru kuzviita. Namarudzi inotungamirwa, rwunotanga kuita sepokutangira kukura zvinotevera pamusoro kunzwisisa kushanda kwendangariro.

Origin chepfungwa misa

Iye anonzi simba. Chokutanga chikwata anopa zvinodiwa mataurire tsinga, kunobatsira kuti kuramba Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri ezvinhu takamuka. Normal basa nhengo runobvira chete kana yacho yakagadzikana nokushanda. Kuitika zvinetso zviri mashandiro ari chinhu chinogumbura rokutanga pfungwa hatibvumiri mwana kuita mabasa, kuita chero basa, kutamba.

yadzikira basa

Uyu ndiwo mumwe chikuru zviratidzo kusagadzikana uropi simba chikwata basa. Muzviitiko zvakadaro, mwana pusa, risingabereki kutifadza dzakapoteredza. Ake zvishande uye gwenya basa riri shoma. Yokusarudza kukosha mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro vaizova Neuropsychological kururamiswa muuduku. Exercise inofanira kuendeswa kuna kweiyi locomotor webasa, mupfungwa uye kubata (tactile, auditory, kutarisana) nharaunda. Games vakapa mwana anofanira ine mutinhimira kufamba. Muchiitiko chino, zviri chokwadi kuti mupfungwa chisimbiso. Nokuti kurudziro anoshandiswawo aromatherapy, masaja, mvura kurapa. With kuwedzera basa mwana anogona kupiwa mumwe manzwiro kwete chete, uye avo kuwedzera kunzwisisa hurongwa. Huru zvinhu dzinotsigirwa anotokonya Neuropsychological kururamiswa pauduku - Muchiitwa zvinoda mwana kuchengeta imwe mutinhimira. Somuenzaniso, anogona kufamba kusarira ari tembiricha wakapiwa, tapping munhu urove pamusoro Drum pamakwara uye zvichingodaro. Kana mwana akadzidza kuchengeta mutinhimira, akapiwa basa iri kusuduruka yavo. Somugumisiro, iye ari kuedza kunhonga kuchinja uye kuita zvinoenderana. Pepa inofanira kushandisa mitoo kuti unosanganisira nzwisisika neuropsychological kururamiswa (AV Semenovich chirongwa). Izvi zvinosanganisira, zvikurukuru, zvinosanganisira mabasa zvainanga paumbwe kufema zvakanaka. Rokuvandudza mwana Maonero simba kumashure kukanganiswa uri mushonga.

Information chepfungwa misa

Ndiye anokonzera kugamuchira, kubudiswa uye kuchengeta ruzivo. Activities analyzer hurongwa muviri kunoita kuti munhu anzwe, ona, yeuka uye tinobereka mashoko uye enzanisa pamwe aivapo mashoko. Kutyorwa chikwata ichi vanoonekwa vari zvakaipa kuzivikanwa mifananidzo kana zvinhu zvechokwadi. In Muzviitiko zvakaipisisa, mwana anogona kutombomuziva kujairana kwaari matoyi kana imba zvinhu. Kana kutyorwa rondedzera aural maonero, zvinonzi havaratidzi nezvatinovavarira muchadenga, haagoni kuona kwaibva inzwi anoenderana ne nyaya, izvo zvinoita rinobudisa. Kana tactile hadzina kufambiswa zvakanaka ari mwana vakaumba havanyatsonzwisisi muviri, DZEMUNHU DZINODZORA pave wakaisvonaka uye kwakakomba motokari unyanzvi. Zvinonzi yakataurawo kukundikana Kufambisa nemafambiro.

kutadza kuona zvakanaka

Sezvo ari zviitiko zvakadaro akaita Neuropsychological kururamiswa muuduku? Zviitwa zvinofanira kufunga pamutemo:

1. Real zvinhu. Kana mwana arikutadza pakuziva pavo.
2. Chaizvoizvo mifananidzo. Mwana anodzidza kuona tsamba pakati mufananidzo uye chinhu.
3. Ruzha mifananidzo. Kana mwana akadzidza kusimbisa ukama pakati zvinhu uye mifananidzo yavo, dambudziko rakaoma. Ari ndokubaya schematic, pepa, vatema uye chena kana ruzha mifananidzo.
4. Image Construction. Panyaya iyi mwana kudzidza kuziva mufananidzo chaenga chacho.

Kusagadzikana auditory maonero

Muchiitiko chino, neuropsychological kururamiswa vana vane pfungwa retardation zvinosanganisira mabasa mutsauko:

1. Nezvaunomuitira ruzha zvakasikwa. Mudzidzisi weboka mutambo anotanga mwana kuti mvura ruzha, creaking madhoo, kutsikwa kuwa zvinhu, uye zvichingodaro. Izvi zvose zvinoita mbudzana anogona kuumba yako uye dzishandise, saka kubatana pakati chiito uye ruzha. Pashure dungwerungwe ichi vanofanira huchawedzerwa kunzwa maonero. Child dhisikaundi zviridzwa kana matoyi uye zvichingodaro.
2. Speech zvakasiyana mitinhimira. Mwana, dzidza kusiyanisa ruzha dzakasiyana vangafarira uye matauriro. Achiri hadzikwanisi kunzwisisa mashoko uye zvirevo, asi kare kukwanisa kusiyanisa dissimilar ruzha. Somuenzaniso, mukutaura vakura - mavhawero uye nemavara. Mwana anogona fembera, kusvika nayo nyoka (ruzha "hove dzakawanda-hove dzakawanda-hove dzakawanda") kana ndege ( "Oo-Oo-Oo"). Shure Basa iri kunzwisisa. Mwana anodzidza kusiyanisa pedyo nepedyo mitinhimira. Zvadaro muna kirasi apinda mutambo, apo iye anotanga kutaura nyore mabhii ( "Parayum", "bi-bi", etc.). More zvakaoma ndiro basa umo mwana anodzidza kunzwisisa mashoko zvisingapindirani rimwe inzwi. Somuenzaniso, iye akabvunza kuti kupa "mbiya" uye "Bear" uye nezvakadaro.

kutaura kunzwisisa

Neuropsychological kururamiswa pauduku rinoitwa kubva nyore kuti zvakaoma. Chokutanga, mwana anodzidziswa kunzwisisa nyore mashoko nomumwe. Panguva chikumbiro zera anopa vamwe mufananidzo kana chinhu. Mwana ipapo anodzidza kunzwisisa uye kutevedzera mirayiridzo (uyewo - kubva nyore kuti zvakaoma, zviviri kana zvitatu-Danho). Mukuita, unofanira inosanganisira kurovedza imwe tamba chechinyorwa. Panyaya iyi, mwana asingadi kuita chero basa, uye anoita chiito.

tactile nyonganyonga

Funga, muchiitiko ichi, mumwe neuropsychological kururamiswa. Zviitwa pakutanga, panofanira kuva basa kuti kutsinga dzinouya kukura, umo mwana achawana akasiyana kunzwa kubva muviri wake pachake. Zvinoguma RUBATSIRO RUNOTARISA maonero nayo. Mwana anofanira kunyatsonzwisisa apo chero chikamu chomuviri, zvarinoreva, izvo muka kubva pfungwa nokubata.

Kugadzirwa ndangariro

Neuropsychological nokururamiswa nezvinetso kudzidza muvana nechinangwa kungotarira hwomwana pfungwa imwe nyaya. Zvingaonekwa dzinoratidza kuti kana netambo kuyeuka zvinhu vakawana nokushandisa imwe chete nzira maonero, pane kukwanisa bereka humboo vakagamuchira vamwe nzira. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, mumwe mwana uyo anoyeuka mashoko akaipa pamusoro kunzwa, anogona nyore kuswedera nomusoro 5-6 mifananidzo. Asi kazhinji vana havagoni kushandisa mano aya. Neuropsychological kururamiswa rinoitwa kufungisisa Muronga kukura ndangariro. Pakutanga, zvinoita sokuti vanhu uye zviitiko zvine pfungwa zvaanoreva nokuti mwana. Saka, pakutanga pakati vanhu anongotaura mai vake, ipapo vaya Wakambonzwawo vamwe ruzivo (nemunhu zvaanoda kutamba, munhu anotya). Game Zvirongwa zvinofanira kusimbisa mashoko ari ndangariro - wokutanga nyore, ipapo kunzwisisa. Unogona kushandisa dzakasiyana-siyana nhetembo, rurimi twisters, nziyo uye zvichingodaro.

havachanyatsogoni nzeve

Kunoratidza pacharo munyaya zvose yebasa. Mwana haana kukwanisa pfungwa kunyange dzinonakidza mitambo, iye kutsauswa chero ruzha (mhepo kunze nepahwindo, mumwe chinhu rawa, uye zvichingodaro.). Neuropsychological kururamiswa chiri kuitwa panguva mutambo. Chokutanga, nyanzvi anoona mwana kunotema zvinhu uye matoyi anonakidza kwaari. Vanogona kukwezva mwana afunge. Zvadaro, mwana anodzidza kutarisa zvimwe zvinofadza mhuka zvishoma. Dambudziko pano kuramba pfungwa kwemaminitsi anoverengeka. Mudzidzisi anoshandisa uyu okuwedzera chinokurudzira. Uyezve neuropsychological vana kururamiswa zvinosanganisira makirasi pamusoro kugovera hanya. Somuenzaniso, mwana asingadi kupa umwe, uye matoyi shoma. Anodzidza kushamwaridzana navo panguva imwe chete. Somugumisiro, mutambo anova kunakidza. Zvadaro, basa zvinogona kuoma: kwete kuisa matoyi shoma pamberi pake, asi kwakasiyana-siyana, kuwedzera Saka uchitamba mutambo wacho nzvimbo.

Neuropsychological kururamiswa: wongororo

Mwana anogona dzinofamba mukati zvakatipoteredza, kunzwisisa mashoko matsva, kushamwaridzana nevamwe vanhu, anofanira kuona musiyano uye kufanana kwakaita zviitiko uye zvinhu, kuti kukwanisa patsanura navo, kuti kuronda kubatana pakati zviitiko. Kukura kutarisana-gwenya mafungiro - dambudziko rokutanga kuti anoisa neuropsychological kururamiswa. Reviews nyanzvi uye vabereki vanotaura kuti panguva kudzidziswa rinoshanda kunoitika muna mwana:

1. Kuziva functionality zvinhu zvakasiyana.
2. Nokuumbwa pfungwa pamusoro kusiyana uye kufanana pakati zvinhu vavo hukuru.
3. Kunzwisisa chikonzero-uye-chaizvoizvo ukama pakati zviitiko.

Kana achiita mabasa pamusoro pokumuka spatial Visualization mano, zvaakacherechedza anoratidza kuti mwana akaumba kunzwisisa mufananidzo, musoro uye mashoko, akaratidza. Pamusangano yakagozha sandara, izvozvo anovamba ukama pakati wacho uye chacho. Vana vaya vasingadi kurishandisa kutaura, dzidza kutaura zvido vachibatsirwa mifananidzo. Somuenzaniso, kana mwana anoda kunwa, iye chinoratidza vakura mufananidzo wembiya, kana kufamba - Fashion mufananidzo uye zvichingodaro. nzira iyi kuronga upenyu uye kutaurirana rinoshandiswa kana kuwadzana nevana autistic. Uyezve, mwana anotanga kunzwisisa zvinoreva chiitiko mifananidzo uye dzakatevedzana.

Third chepfungwa misa

Ndiye anokonzera zvirongwa, murau kudzora zvinhu zvakaoma. Pamusana chikwata ichi inopiwa sangano rinobata chavanoziva maitiro pfungwa, murwiyo purogiramu uye kuita, uyewo vachiongorora mashandiro avo. Kana kushanda nevana, umo mabasa aya akambokanganiswa, zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti basa raifanira kuitwa chete muchimiro mutambo. Mwana hakuzovi refu kugara patafura, kuti vateerere uye mabasa kuti haana kuita.

hemispheric kudyidzana

Zvinokosha kuti basa mupfungwa. Kana kukurukurirana rapera, pangava nematambudziko kana zvava isina Kufambisa kufamba (nekuita makumbo nemaoko, kufamba, etc.). Panguva inotevera pamwero hauna kuumbwa pakati asiri kutukana kukurukurirana uye kutukana mabasa akaoma muitiro kuuya Data ongororo. Danho rokutanga kuva zvakafanana motokari Kufambisa. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, siyana jimunasitikisi zvirongwa, mitambo Outdoor. On zvavo chinoita anovaka mamwe basa iri kukura nekuita pakati dzakasiyana-siyana dzomuviri. In kufanana mwana makirasi nokushandiswa nyoro zvinhu. Iye sculpts nyore Zvidhori dzevhu kana plasticine, kanya mukanyiwa nemaoko maviri.

chigunwe jimunasitikisi

The kutsamira pamusoro inotungamirwa kutaura nomwana nenhanho zvachose motility akaratidza experimentally. Ongororo dzinoratidza kuti kana kuwanda inofamba iri rakakodzera zera, kukwanisa vana kuti vataure mafungiro avo zvinonzwika achava munzvimbo dzose siyana. Nokuda pave vakawanda uye munwe-mhando injini kunowedzera kunyatsoshanda pakati cerebral cortex. Mudzidzisi anogona kushandisa muviri, anoteverwa kutaura vana vanobatanidzwa huru purogiramu kutaura mishonga yezvirongwa sezvo fizkultminutok.

rudekaro

Kutandara kurovedza yaitwa mumatanho ose kururamiswa. mashandiro avo zvinogona pamwe nemimhanzi. Vana inopihwa panzvimbo yayo (panguva dhesiki) maoko ako pamusoro wako uye maziso ako. Vanogonawo kuenda nhoo kumusana kwako, utambanudzire maoko ako ari kumativi ako, michindwe pasi. Muchiitiko chino, vari kukurudzirwa kuti pasi chero nyaya yavo kupindura. Somuenzaniso, vari ichibhururuka pamusoro gore, kunzwa noushamwari kwemhepo matama yenyu. Maekisesaizi anogona kupera nemashoko okuti: ". Zvakanaka, mhepo inotonhora, uye taida kudzokera pasi"

Payakatora logoritmike

The wakananga mamiriro kuumbwa panguva yayo hunobatsira nokushanda. Zvinosanganisira:

1. Movement kusarira, inosanganisira mhando dzakasiyana kufamba.
2. Dance.
3. Nomunwe jimunasitikisi, dzikapfeka pawakaperera imwe intonation.
4. Kufema zviitwa, iro rinosimbisa simba nedzinovengwa, pamwe kuzvivaraidza zvinhu.
5. The rwiyo achabatsirwa nemasaini.
6. Kutsanangura jimunasitikisi kusanganisira muviri kutevedzera zvinhu.
7. Practice quatrains vachishandisa masangano.
8. Speech mushonga kurovedza.

Zvinoumba

zviitwa All anoitwa kutevedzera. In muitiro kurovedza mudzidzisi anofanira kusarudza nzvimbo kuitira kuti chiso chake aigona kuonekwa mwana wose kuti kukwanisa kudzokorora nekunyatsotsanangura uye chiso kufamba. Zviri chinodiwa kuti zvose vagere vakaita denderedzwa kana denderedzwagama. Panyaya iyi, vana vachava zvakanaka kuona mudzidzisi, vari sync naye kureva uye kudzokorora zvinhu.

Kukosha kwokurovedza

Sezvinoratidzwa kwemakore akawanda chiitiko kuona vana vachiita kuti vanoenda kukireshi zera mukuru kutaura underdevelopment, kuva vanoshingaira, chivimbo vagari mitambo. Vakakurumidza kudzidza mitemo, ayo akabva kune yakazvimirira basa. Kutamba kurovedza kudzivisa kuneta vana kuita senzira mupfungwa kusunungurwa uye kubvumira kusvika kunonyanyisa kururamiswa uye kudzidza kushanda. Makirasi vanoenda kukireshi, saka kuva zvakasiyana.

mhedziso

chirongwa The apa iri kuonekwa nokudenga. Zvinonzi yakavakirwa pachishandiswa neuropsychological kudzivirira uye nokururamiswa hombe-siyana zvinetso, kubva kumbonyanya rinorema mubatanidzwa kutaura zvirwere, mupfungwa retardation pachena kuti kure kukundikana netumedu kwendangariro. Zvinhu kuti vanobatanidzwa purogiramu, yave vakabudirira kushandiswa mubasa pamwe vadzidzi nezvematambudziko akaoma kukura mapurogiramu edzidzo.

Asati atanga remedial zvokukura makirasi zvakakodzera kuisa kutanga nenhanho kukura kwouropi basa iri vana. Saka, vanofanira kusarudza kuti pfungwa pazviri uchida kushanda. Somuenzaniso, pamberi zvinonyadzisa kutaura zvirwere zvinokurudzirwa kutanga mumhanzi uye kutsinga dzinouya mabasa yokuwedzera basa mwana. Kana vakaratidza kutyorwa,, basa anogona kutora kana kukura chinono chaizvo makore akawanda. Muzviitiko izvi, pasina kumbomira kudzidziswa pamusoro paumbwe dzinokosha mashandiro zvaunofanira teererai kushanda vawana unyanzvi muupenyu.

Kana kukanganisa hakusi ine chaizvo, chikuva zvinofanira kuzivikanwa, zvange vakapfuura mwana pachavo. Basa rinotanga rokupedzisira vavo. unogona kuzadzisa zvakajeka migumisiro yakanaka achiita zvaidiwa chirongwa kutevedzana.