Nharaunda yemagariro: tsanangudzo yaro, chimiro, kukosha

Sangano inonyanya kufanana nehutano hwemagariro evanhu, hune huwandu hwakawanda hwesimiso. Mumwe wavo nderuzhinji rwevanhu. Zvose zvinowanzoreva kuunganidza vanhu vane chimwe chinhu chakafanana (somuenzaniso, zvinodiwa, mabasa kana zvinangwa). Vanhu vanobatana munharaunda vanowanzove nemafungiro akafanana pamusoro pehupenyu, vanoita mabasa akafanana ehupenyu munzanga.

Saka, tinogona kutaura kuti ruzhinji rwevanhu munharaunda yevanhu vanobatanidzwa nemamiriro ezvinhu akafanana ehupenyu, vane zvavanofarira, maitiro uye vanoziva maitiro avo evanhu. Nzvimbo dzekubatanidza vanhu dzinogona kuva: kushamwaridzana kwavo kwepedyo pakati pavo, mabasa anowanzoitwa, kuziva kufanana kwezvido zvavo, tsika yavo, yakagadzirwa maererano nemafungiro akafanana pamusoro pezvinangwa zvevanhu vemunharaunda iyi, pfungwa dzetsika, nezvimwe, kuvapo kwehurongwa hwehurumende.

Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzezvemagariro evanhu dzinofunga kuti vanhu vanogara mumagariro evanhu uye mapoka mumapoka akawanda havaiti pakarepo. Imwe pfungwa yekubuda kwavo yakakurudzirwa neAmerican D. Homans, avo vaidavira kuti vanhu, vachibatana nevamwe, vachiedza kuwana chimwe chinhu chakanaka. Izvo zvinonyanya kukosha zvakapiwa zvakanaka, kunyanya kuedza kunoitwa nomunhu kubatana nevamwe vanhu avo vanobatsirwa nazvo izvi. Mukutaura kwakajeka, maererano nenyanzvi yevanhu veAmerica, vanhu vanobatana mumapoka, vanoumba mharaunda uye mharaunda kuti vawane chinangwa chaicho.

Rimwe rutivi rwemagariro evanhu hunogona kusiyanasiyana nedzimwe chinangwa chedzidzo, fomu uye maitiro. Mhando dzekambani dzakadaro dzevanhu dzinopesana maererano nezvimwe zvinotevera:

- nenguva yekuvapo: kubva pamaminitsi mashomanana (vateereri veimba yekoni, musangano) kusvikira mazana emakore (rudzi rumwe chete);

- Mukutaura kwekuumbwa kwemitezo yavo: kubva kuvanhu vaviri kusvika kune zviuru zvuru (nhengo dzeimwe sangano);

- kuwanda kwehukama pakati pevamiririri vakuru: kubva kune rimwe boka rakabatanidzwa (vashandi vehofisi) kusvika kune mamwe masimba, zvisiri izvo zvisingabatanidzi masangano (vateveri vebhokisi).

Nyanzvi dzezvematongerwo enyika dzinosiyanisa pfungwa yakadaro senzvimbo yevanhu vemuvanhu, izvo zvakasiyana-siyana zvayo ndezvi:

- kusagadzikana kwekuvapo;

- kukanganisa kwehutano hwevanhu vanopinda mauri, kusagona kwekugadzirisa nhamba yavo chaiyo;

- kushanda pane imwechete kana chimwe chiitiko uye kusakwanisa kuvapo kunze kwaro.

Semuenzaniso wevanhu vazhinji vemunharaunda, unogona kuuya nevateveri veimwe nyenyedzi yep pop, vateki vemutambo wemitambo, nhengo dzemasangano akasiyana-siyana. Dzinza revanhu vemuNew Guinea, rudzi rwakasiyana, rudzi, boka revanhu vanopikisa pedyo nehutungamiri hwemabhizimisi uyewo vanhu vanogara munharaunda.

Nzvimbo yakasiyana pakati pevamwe masangano inobatwa ne-ethnos - sevanhu vanogara kwenguva yakareba mune imwe nzvimbo, vane tsika dzakagadzikana tsika, dzakasiyana mukuzviziva, kureva, vanoziva kusiyana kwekushamwaridzana kwavo kune zvimwe zvakafanana. Dzinza rakagadzirwa, sekutonga, pamusana pendima inowanikwa yehupenyu, kuumba mamiriro ezvinhu ose anodiwa kuti vanhu vataurirane. Uyezve, apo mharaunda yakadaro senharaunda seanthnos yatove yakasikwa, chiratidzo ichi chinova chechipiri kana kazhinji kurasika kukosha kwayo. Vanhu vanozviratidza pachavo nedzinza rimwe chete vanogona kurarama munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzePasi uye, panguva imwechete, vanoyeuka uye vanokudza tsika dzevanhu vavo, vanopemberera mazororo akavakwa navo uye vanoteerera mitemo yehutano yavakatsanangura.

Socialization yemunhu haigoneki pasina kusangana kwake nevamwe vamiririri vevanhu. Mumwe nomumwe wedu mune imwe kana imwe chidimbu haasi weumwe chete, asi huwandu hwemagariro evanhu. Munhu kunze kweruzhinji anorega kunzwa semunhu, anova akapararira.