Nhoroondo yenhau "Oblomov." Mifananidzo yeOlomov

Roman Goncharov "Oblomov" - basa rinokosha reRussia classical mabhuku ehafu yepiri yezana remakore rechi19. Iri ibhuku, kune kunzwisisa kwechokwadi kwaunosvika kare muhukuru, zvishoma nezvishoma kuziva zvarinoreva uye vanhu vemavara. Icho chimiro chikuru chebasa iri mudiki weimba iyo Ilya Oblomov. Vamwe vanodana Oblomov nhetembo yakangwara, vamwe - nyanzvi, vamwe - vakangwara chete. Zvisinei, hapana maonero akafanana nezvechifananidzo chaOlomov, icho chaizonyatsoratidza uye sechimiro chinomiririra semunhu. Muverengi chero upi zvake anoziva kufunga uye kufunga achaita kuti munhu wake aone maonero ake pamusoro pake.

Nhoroondo yeruzivo "Oblomov"

Ivan Goncharov akasika "Oblomov" pasi pesimba rezvakananga uye pfungwa. Nhau yacho haina kuonekwa kamwe kamwe, kwete pakarepo, asi yakava mhinduro kumanzwi ake pachake. Nhoroondo yekusikwa kwebhuku rinonzi Oblomov, pasina mubvunzo, inopa chirevo chakakosha pamamiriro ezvinhu ose ebasa, iyo iyo nyaya yenyaya yacho inotarisana nayo. Pfungwa iyi yakazvarwa zvishoma nezvishoma, kufanana nezvidhinha zveimba huru. Nguva pfupi asati "Oblomov," Goncharov akanyora nyaya "Dashing Bitter", iyo yakashanda sechikonzero chekusikwa kwebhuku.

Kugadzirwa kwebhuku rinonzi Oblomov kunowirirana nedambudziko rezvematongerwo enyika muRussia. Kwemazuva iwayo, chimiro chemunhu asingatendi, asingagoni kupindura nekuda kwehupenyu hwake uye kuita zvisarudzo zvine musoro, zvakakosha zvikuru. Iko pfungwa huru yebasa iri yakaumbwa pasi pesimba remaonero emutsoropodzi weBelinsky, uyo akasara pasi pekunzwa kwakasimba kubva munhoroondo yokutanga yeGoncharov - "Ordinary History". Belinsky akataura kuti mumabhuku eRussia ikoko mave kutoonekwa chimiro che "munhu akawedzera" asingakwanisi kuenderana nechechokwadi chakakomberedzwa, hazvina maturo kuvanhu. Uyu munhu anonyoresa, anonyoresa, munyori uye nyanzvi. Rudo rwechimiro muhupenyu hwake hunobatanidza nekusaita zvakanyanya, urema uye kusava nehanya. Nokudaro, nhoroondo yeruzivo "Oblomov" inobatana nemamiriro ezvinhu ezvematongerwo enyika uye inoratidza hupenyu hwehukama hwehafu yepiri yezana remakore rechi19.

Ideological uye zvikamu zvechikamu

Nhamba ino ine zvikamu zvina, imwe neimwe iyo inonyatsojekesa nyika ye protagonist uye inoratidza kushandurwa kunoitika mumweya wake: utera husina simba, husimbe; Iko kushandurwa kwemwoyo, kushingaira kwepamweya, kwetsika uye, pakupedzisira, kufa. Rufu rwemuviri ndiro chikonzero icho Ilya Ilyich anouya. Nhoroondo yekusikwa kwebhuku rinonzi Oblomov inosimbisa kuti hero haina kukwanisa kupfuurira mberi kwekusagadzikana uye kusada kuita chero chinhu.

Mamiriro ezvinhu muimba Oblomov

Apo pandakangopinda mukamuri umo Ilya Ilyich akanga akange ari pafafa, zvaive zvichikwanisa kuwana mukati, nekugadzirisa kwezvinhu, kushamisa kwakafanana kune tenzi pachake pachako: kwose kwose kwaiva neguruva risina kuchena mushure mekudya kweplate. Basa raOlomov munharaunda "Oblomov" chimiro, kutsanangura. Inoratidza muenzaniso wehupenyu hunotungamirira kurufu rwemweya.

Oblomov haafananidzi kuhupenyu, maitiro ake ose uye maitiro anoratidza chido chekuvanza, kuvanza kubva kune chokwadi chinoodza mwoyo: shangu dzake dzakadzika ndokumira pedyo nefafa, kuitira kuti "nguva dzose aipinde mavari"; Nguo yacho yakakura kwazvo uye yakasununguka zvokuti "uye Olomov aigona kudarika mairi." Muranda Zakhar akafanana netenzi wake: zvakare anomuka kubva pamubhedha kuti aite naye, abvisa mumakamuri - kufungidzira kusingafungidziki uye kukakavara. Zahar anobhabhatidzwa mupfungwa dzake, anoziva "tenzi" kubva paucheche, izvo dzimwe nguva zvinobvumira kupikisana naye.

Ndeupi munhu mukuru?

Chirevo chinonzi Oblomov munharaunda "Oblomov" inoratidzwa kune muverengi chaiwo kubva pamapeji ekutanga. Ilya Ilyich - munhu ane hanya, asina hanya, ane hanya, asi anopesana nemabasa ose. Movement kwaari yaiva basa rakaoma, aisada uye haana kutsvaka kuchinja chimwe chinhu muupenyu hwake. Kunyengera kwake kwaive kwakanaka, kufanana, uye kusimudza Oblomov pamubhedha, zvaifanira kuitika kunze kwechiitiko chaicho. Chido chekuzadza mapeji ebhizinesi chakaneta naye, kufunga kwekubuda kunze kweimba kwakange kuchivhiringidza uye kushungurudza kusuruvara. Zvisinei, pachinzvimbo chokudzvinyirira kuda, pfungwa uye kuita izvo zvinodiwa nazvo, zvinoramba zvisina basa.

"Nei ndichiita seizvi?"

Izvo zvinoreva Oblomov mubhuku rinonzi "Oblomov" rinoratidza pfungwa huru yebasa - kukoromoka kwemafungire ekutenda kwegamba uye kupera zvishoma nezvishoma kufa. Mwanakomana Olomov anoratidza kumuverengi mhedzisiro yevanhu vasina simba vanonzi Ilya Ilyich. Mukurota, hero inozviona sediki, musha wekwavo Olomovka, umo akaberekerwa nekurera. Ari muhuduku hwake, akaedzwa munzira dzose dzekuzvidzivirira kubva kuhupenyu chaihwo: Haana kubvumirwa kubva muimba muchitonho uye chisando, achikwira pamatare, akadzidza mumazuva iwayo apo pakanga pasina mazororo, uye zvakaitika kakawanda kuti "zvakanga zvisina kukodzera kuenda". Zvokudya zvaiva zvechitendero, pano vanhu vaida mazororo uye vakaisa matafura makuru.

Oblomov akabatwa mukati make pachake nezvitendero zvemusha wake wekuzvarwa, akava chikamu chekuvapo kwaitungamirirwa nevagari vayo. Oblomovshchina ndiwo mugumisiro wemafungiro akadaro enyika: kuenda nekuyerera, nguva nenguva chete kubva pamusana pokufunganya, kusagadzikana. Basa raOlomov munhoroondo Olomov Iko huru uye yakakosha: kuratidza dambudziko rekusakanganiswa kwemweya kwemunhu, kusagadzikana kwezvinyorwa zvezuva nezuva uye kusada kurarama.

Oblomov naStolz

Shamwari yepedyo uye yega yega yaIlya Ilyich munguva yehupenyu hwake yakanga iri uye yakanga iripo Andrei Ivanovich Stolz. Pasinei nekusiyana kwevanhu, vaive neshamwari yakasimba kubva pauduku. Stolz iri kushanda, simba, nguva dzose mubhizinesi, mumugwagwa. Haakwanise kugara kweminiti munzvimbo imwechete: kushambadzira ndicho chimiro chechimiro chake. Akaita zvakawanda muhupenyu nekuda kwekuedza kwekunze, asi zviitiko zvakadzama zvepumburu hazviwaniki kwaari. Stolz anoda kusatota, asi kuita.

Oblomov haana hanya, haane simba kunyange kuverenga bhuku raakatanga (kazhinji anogara kwemavhiki mashomanana patafura). Varondedzeri vakamutsa pfungwa dzake, vakamutswa mumweya wekufambisa kwefungiro nemanzwiro, asi kunze kwepfungwa idzi nemanzwiro haana kumboenda. Kubatirwa mukufungisisa kwaiva chimiro chake, asi haana kuita chinhu kuti avakurudzire mune ramangwana. Nokusiyanisa vanhu, vanhu ava vaviri vanobatsirana, vachiita sangano rimwe chete.

Rudo Test

Vanonyanya kutaurwa nhau ino vane simba guru pamamiriro ezvinhu aIlya Ilyich. Oblomov akafuridzira manzwiro makuru kuna Olga Ilyinskaya, achimumanikidza kuti asiye nyika yake yakanyanyisa kwekanguva ndokubuda muhupenyu hwekunze hwakazadzwa nemitambo uye mhere. Pasinei nokuti Olga kazhinji aiseka kuna Olomov, achifunga kuti iye ane usimbe uye asina hanya, munhu uyu aidiwa kwaari uye akavhara.

Nhau yavo yakanaka uye inorwadza inogunzva yerudo inonyunyutira, inoita kuti pave nekunzwa kuzvidemba, kutsamwa kusingagumi. Oblomov anozviona asina kukodzera rudo, nokuti anonyora kuna Olga zvinorwadza uye panguva imwechete tsamba inofadza. Zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti anotarisira kusununguka kwavo kwava pedo, asi mamiriro ezvinhu pane izvi anoratidza kuti Ilya Ilyich haana kugadzirira kubvuma manzwiro pamusoro pake, kusava nechokwadi kuti akakodzera rudo rwechikadzi. Iyo hero inotya kurambwa uye kwenguva refu inotya kugovera kupa Olga. Mutsamba, anonyora kuti rudo rwake irongwa hwekufunga kwemazuva anouya, asi kwete rudo pacharo. Somugumisiro, hero yacho ichava yakarurama: gare gare Olga anoreurura kwaari kuti aida "ramangwana Olomov" mukati make, aifarira kuti muve nerudo rukuru mumanzwiro ake kwaari.

Sei rudo rwa Olga Ilyinskaya rusina kuchengetedza Oblomov?

Nechitarisiko chaOlga naOlomov, ndinoita kunge ndakasimuka kubva pamubhedha, asi kwechinguva chete, kuitira kuti ndive nekwanisi kuratidza kuyemura kwangu kumusikanakadzi nekunaka kwake uye huduku. Manzwiro ake ndeechokwadi uye akasimba, asi haana simba, simba.

Panzvimbo pokugadzirisa nyaya dzinopindirana neimba uye kugadzirira kwechato, Oblomov anoenderera mberi kusvika pedyo nehupenyu. Pazuva raanovata kana kuverenga mabhuku, haawanzoenda kune mwenga, iye anoshandura mutoro wekufara kwake kune vaasingazivi: anokumbira vamwe kutaura pamusoro peimba, kugadzirisa zvinetso nekunze kuOblovka.

Nei bhuku iri richiri rinokosha nhasi?

Nhoroondo yekusikwa kwebhuku rinonzi Oblomov iri pedyo zvikuru nezviitiko zvezvakaitika zve 50-60 uye inoyevedza yakaisvonaka yeboka rakanaka rezana remakore rechi19. Kune vanyori vemazuva ano bhuku rinogona kufadza nemibvunzo ine unhu husingaperi. Ichi ndicho chisarudzo chehupenyu hutungamiri, rwonzi rwokuda, maonero efilosofi nemafungiro. Vane mavhesi emunharaunda "Oblomov" vakasiyana, asi ivo vose vanhu vapenyu vane maitiro. Chimwe nechimwe chazvo chine zvigaro zvaro uye zvisingabatsiri, maonero ayo, maonero pasi pose. Semuenzaniso, Andrew Stolz ane chido chakasimba, achizvitsvaga iye nevamwe, Olga Ilyinskaya munhu wechirume asingazivikanwe nhetembo nemimhanzi, Zakhar haasati aine pfungwa uye ane usimbe.

Muverengi wekunzwisisa chokwadi chakajeka anounza kuenzaniswa kwebhuku. Oblomov haana kukuvadza kuputika, kubva kwaakaita hupenyu hwake hwepasi pano hwakasimbiswa, asi kusagadzikana, mafungiro asina hanya noupenyu, kwaari. Zvakakosha kuti usararame hupenyu, kwete kuhuparadza, asi kuti uone kukosha kwayo kuburikidza nezviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana, zvakadai semabasa, tsika, unyanzvi, mufaro wevanhu.