Nikolai Nikolayevich Rukavishnikov, cosmonaut: biography

Nikolai Nikolayevich Rukavishnikov ndiye makumi maviri neatatu Soviet cosmonaut, uyewo muongorori weSoyuz-10 neSalyut. Akanga ari nyanzvi yezvikepe zveSoyuz-16. Nhengo yeCommistist Party yeSoviet Union. Akagamuchira mibayiro yakawanda yehurumende nokuda kwebasa rake. Rukavishnikov N.N. Ikokutanga yekuita nhepfenyuro yekukurumidza kwechikwata chechikepe.

Mhuri

Rukavishnikov Nikolai Nikolayevich akaberekwa musi wegumi nemasere munaSeptember 1932 muguta reTomsk. Amai vake, vaGalina Ivanovna, vakashanda semuumbi wezvigadzirwa mumugwagwa. Stepfather - mukuru wekuvaka basa. Paakakura, Nikolai Nikolayevich akaroorwa naNine Vasilyevna, uyo akatanga kushanda semagetsi makuru, ndokubva ava mukadzi weimba. Vaiva nemwanakomana, Vladimir.

Dzidzo:

Chokutanga, Nikolai akadzidza pachikoro cheUuzbek muAngrem. Ipapo akaenderera mberi nekudzidza kwake muTomsk. Apo mai nababa vaishanda muMongolia, kubva muna 1947 kusvika muna 1950, Yakadzidziswa pachikoro chemuganhu weguta reKekhtaits. Akapedza chikoro chesekondari kuMoscow muna 1951. Akabva apinda muMetropolitan Mechanical University (iye zvino Physics uye Engineering Institute) paChikoro cheMagetsi Computing Devices uye Automation. Akapedza kudzidza muna 1957, achiwana unyanzvi hwekugadzira injini yefizikiki. Muna 1980, achidzivirira musarudzo, akava mukana wezvesayenzi.

Zvose zvaaifarira geography, mathematics uye physics. Baba Nicholas vakakwanisa kuisa mumwanakomana wavo rudo rweredhiyo kubva paudiki. Uye Nicholas akaponesa manzwiro aya ehupenyu. Muchikoro iye aifarira basa rezvesayenzi. Pakati pevamwe vadzidzi vaNicholas vakasiyanisa maitiro akadai sechido, pfungwa dzinofungisisa, kushingaira uye kufunga.

Chiitiko chebasa

Kubva muna 1957, Nikolai Nikolayevich Rukavishnikov akashanda muCentral Research Institute-58 seanjiniya. Akatumira kombiyuta. Panguva imwecheteyo aive akabatanidzwa mukugadzira, kukurudzirwa, kuiswa uye kuongororwa kwehurongwa hwekutonga, kusanganisira kuburitswa kwekwenyanzvi kwezvombo zvenyukireya.

Kubvira muna 1957 akashanda mubazi re makumi maviri nekutanga reO OKB-1 seanjiniya. Akave nekugadzirisa zvirongwa zvekutsvaga zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zveplanetetary, zvakabatanidzwa mukusikwa kwefekitari uye kuongorora kwekuenda. Muna 1960, N. Rukavishnikov akakurudzirwa kuchinzvimbo chemuongorori mukuru. Yakatarisa boka racho, iro rakanga richibatanidzwa mukusimudzirwa kwezvinhu zvakasarudzwa. Mutungamiri aifarira kunaka nekufambisa kwebasa rake, saka Nicholas akakurumidza kukura pamusana wemabasa. Zvakakodzera kuziva kuti haana kumbobvira ashandisa chero kugadzirisa uye akawana zvinhu zvose nebasa rake pachake.

Kubva muna 1962 kusvikira muna 1963. Nikolay Nikolaevich akagadzira e-board yakaoma yekugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa kushandura mashoko akagamuchirwa, uye kubva muna vvusi muna 1964 akagadzwa mukuru weboka rekufambisa.

Kugadzirira ndege

Muna 1964, Nikolai Nikolayevich Rukavishnikov akatumirwa kuongororo yezvokurapa semunhu anozvigadzirira kuti awane cosmonauts, asi haana kupa kambani yekugamuchira. Makore maviri gare gare akazoongororwa zvechiremba zvakare, uye pakupedzisira akagadzwa kuti ave test cosmonaut. Panguva imwecheteyo akabatanidzwa mukusikwa kwekutonga mashandisirwo ematenga zvinhu. Akashanda nemitambo yeboka, pa-board systems, nezvimwewo, akabatanidzwa muidzo.

Muna 1967, Nikolai akava nhengo yedare re cosmonaut uye akanyoresa kune vatsva. Kusvikira 1970, iye akadzidziswa kudzika kumativi ose pamwedzi uye akagara pairi. Mugore ramakumi manomwe nemana akagamuchira nzvimbo yekuedzwa cosmonaut yekirasi yechitatu.

Asi kurovedzwa kwose kwakanga kusina maturo: pakutanga rocket, njodzi dzakaitika, uye hutungamiri hahukwanise kuisa upenyu hwevadzidzi. Iyo ndege dzaifanira kudzorerwa. Kunyange zvakadaro, kugadzirira kuendeswa munzvimbo yakaramba ichienderera mberi, kunze kweStyut orbital station.

Kutanga kuenda

Yake yokutanga ndege cosmonaut Rukavishnikov, uyo anorondedzerwa munyaya ino, akaita muna April 1971 semuongorori weSyyuz-10. Pasi pose, iyi ndiyo nguva yokutanga iyo chipfeki chakanga chakavharwa nechiteshi. Asi kusungirirwa kwakakwana kwekubatanidzwa kwakasimbiswa hakukwanisi kuitika, saka cosmonauts haina kuendesa kuchipatara chenguva ino.

Rwendo rwechipiri rwaNikolai Nikolayevich rwaifanira kuitwa musi waJuly 20, 1971. Asi anenge mwedzi isati yasvika, vashandi vose veSoyuz-11 vakarashika, saka iyo ndege dzakabviswa kwenguva pfupi. MunaSeptember wegore iroro, Rukavishnikov akava mutevedzeri mukuru webazi.

Rwendo rwechipiri

Kushamba kwechipiri kweTomsk astronaut Rukavishnikov yakaitwa munaDecember 1974 semuchina wezvikepe paSoyuz-16. Kubhururuka kwakagara mazuva 5 nemaawa 22. 23 min. 35 seconds Mutungamiri wechikwata chacho akasarudzwa A. Filippenko. Vadzidzi vaigadzirisa basa racho nekunaka. Purogiramu yacho yakarongwa kuendesa ndege mbiri, uye mwedzi mitanhatu gare gare zvakange zvakakodzera kudzokorora vashandi vemukepe.

Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, chirongwa che "EPAS" (kuyera ndege) chakasikwa, mukati maro basa repiri rakaitwa. Muna 1975, NN Rukavishnikov akawana mamwe mazano ekugadzirira ndege, uye muna 1977, zvakafanana, asi iye zvino sevatungamiriri veUnited States.

The Third Flight

Rwendo rwechitatu rwakazopinda munzvimbo Rukavishnikov akaita muna April 1979 kare muhofisi yemutungamiri, uye iyi ndiyo yekutanga kufamba mumutungamiri wevanhu vehurumende. Apo ngarava yaiswedera pedyo nechiteshi chengarava, njodzi yakaitika - injini dzinopedzisira dzadzimwa. Chero chete nekuda kwemurairo unokwanisa weNikolai Nikolayevich varwi vakaramba vari vapenyu uye vakadzoka vakachengeteka kuPasi. Kwenguva yokutanga kuenderera mberi kwekukurumidzira nemaoko kwakaitwa.

End of flights

Mugore ramakumi matatu nematatu, Rukavishnikov, astronaut akanga atoenda kunzvimbo katatu, akatanga kugadzirira rwendo rwotevera, akasarudzwa senhengo yekutanga yeSoviet-Indian crew. Asi nekuda kwezvikonzero zvehutano kukwidzwa kwaNikkolai Nikolayevich kwakarambwa, uye akamira pakagadzirira kutiza. Muna 1987, akadzingwa pakati pezvisikwa zvinokonzerwa nekumusiya kwake.

Rukavishnikov aiwanzorehwa munharaunda "Knowledge", akanga ari nhengo yebhodhi rake uye musikana wenhepfenyuro wekusingaperi pamusoro pezvimbo. Kusvikira basa rake rekushanda akashanda semutevedzeri. Musoro weRSC Energia, yakanga yakafanana panguva yepurezidhendi weCosmonautics Federation yekutanga yeSoviet Union, uye yeRussia.

Rukavishnikov somunhu

Sezvo Nikolai Nikolayevich anoyeuka munhu wese aimuziva, aive munhu anofadza zvikuru, anonzwira tsitsi, asingawanzofadzi uye achifara. Sezvo Nikolai Rukavishnikov aiziva zvakawanda, akanga ari munyori wenhoroondo. Nguva dzose aiteerera kukumbira kubatsirwa, uye vazhinji vakamutumidzawo Tomsk Gagarin. Chiyeuchidzo-chiyeuchidzo kwaari chakasimbiswa munguva yehupenyu hwake.

Rufu rwechimbo

Nikolai Nikolayevich Rukavishnikov is anstronaut akafira chirwere chemwoyo chinokonzerwa ne pulmonary edema musi wa19 Gumiguru 2002. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nechirwere cheAlzheimer, icho chakawanikwa ne cosmonaut. Rukavishnikov akavigwa paOstankino Cemetery muMoscow.