Zhozef Lui Lagranzh - yemasvomhu, muongorori wenyeredzi uye injiniya

Vatsvakurudzi vazhinji vanodavira kuti Zhozef Lagranzh haasi French, uye Italian yemasvomhu. Uye vanorarama maonero ichi hachisi pasina chikonzero. Pashure pezvose, remangwana mutsvakurudzi akazvarirwa nokuTurin muna 1736. In rubhabhatidzo mukomana akanga ainzi Giuseppe Ludovico. baba vake akabata enyika yakakwirira hofisi panguva kudzora chairema Sardinia, uye vaiva vanokudzwa kirasi. Amai vaibva mumhuri vanachiremba.

Mhuri ramangwana masvomhu

Saka, mhuri wokutanga, umo iye akaberekwa Zhozef Lui Lagranzh, chaiva akapfuma. Asi baba mhuri yakanga zveufende, asi, kuramba chaizvo muzvinabhizimisi. Uye nokukurumidza vakanga vava kuda kuparadzwa. Mune ramangwana, Lagrange anotaurawo anonakidza pfungwa nezveupenyu ichi ezvinhu rakanga rawira mhuri yake. Achitenda kuti kana mhuri yake vakaramba kurarama akapfuma uye upenyu hwakanaka, zvinokwanisika kuti Lagrange zvaisamboita mukana kubatanidza mugumo yavo masvomhu.

Bhuku, waitova upenyu

Mwana nomumwe vabereki vake rakanga Zhozef Lui Lagranzh. Biography ake, kunyange munhau iyi inogona kunzi kubudirira; nekuti zvose zvimwe varumudzani akafa muduku. Baba Lagrange yaiva chokuti mwanakomana akadzidza mutemo. Lagrange pachake pakutanga havana kuyeuka. Pakutanga aidzidza panguva College of nokuTurin, kwaakanga aifarira chaizvo kunyika dzekunze uye masvomhu apo remangwana kokutanga Aingoziva mabasa Euclid uye Archimedes.

Zvisinei, pane panozouya yenhamo nguva apo Lagrange kutanga Anobata ziso basa Galileo yaiti "On Analytical nzira zvakanakira." Zhozef Lui Lagranzh kusimba kufarira bhuku rino - zvichida kuti iye akatendeuka zvose wematambudziko yake. Anenge pakarepo, nokuti majaya musayendisiti jurisprudence uye mitauro yokumwe vakanga mumumvuri masvomhu.

Maererano nemamwe mabhuku, masvomhu Lagrange vakashanda vakazvimiririra. Maererano vamwe, akapinda makirasi Turin chikoro. Makore kare muna 19 (uye maererano zvimwe zvinyorwa - 17) Zhozef Lui Lagranzh mubasa rokudzidzisa wemasvomhu payunivhesiti. Izvi zvakanga zvakafanira kuti zvakanakisisa vadzidzi munyika panguva iyoyo aiva nomukana kudzidzisa.

First basa: mumakwara Leibniz uye Bernoulli

Saka, kubvira zvino masvomhu inova huru yokurwira Lagrange. Muna 1754 akaona bhuku rake kekutanga. Scientist akauita muchimiro tsamba Italian musayendisiti achi Toschi Fagnano. Asi pano Lagrange paanokanganisa. Vasina mutungamiri yesayenzi uye kubika dzavo, ipapo anowana, kutsvakurudza kwake kare inoitwa. The mhedziso rakanga vaiva Leibniz uye Johann Bernoulli. Zhozef Lui Lagranzh vakatya kunyange kupomerwa kuti plagiarism. Asi kutya ake akanga zvachose kusina pakwakavakirwa. Uye mberi samhu kutarisirwa kubudirira zvikuru.

Kujairirana Euler

Mumakore 1755-1756 muduku musayendisiti akanga atuma mamwe mazano ake anozivikanwa yemasvomhu Euler, raakanga aikoshesa chaizvo. Uye muna 1759-M Lagrange akamutumira mumwe chidzidzo chinokosha chaizvo. Rakanga vakazvipira nzira matambudziko isoperimetric pamusoro izvo Euler akatambura kwemakore. musayendisiti An ruzivo akafara chaizvo kuwana vechiduku Lagrange. Iye kunyange akaramba kubudisa vamwe kuitika kwayo mumunda kusvikira nguva akadai Zhozef Lui Lagranzh haana kubudisa basa ravo.

Muna 1759, nemhaka zvataurwa Euler, Lagrange ave yokumwe nhengo Berlin Academy of Sciences. Pano Euler akaratidza shoma Wandinyengedzerei: pashure zvose, aida Lagrange akararama sezvo pedyo sezvinobvira, uye saka jaya musayendisiti akakwanisa kutamira Berlin.

Work uye kuneta

Lagrange chaibatanidzwa kwete chete tsvakurudzo muminda masvomhu, hurongwa uye zvenyeredzi. Akasika vezvesayenzi, izvo akazova Royal Academy of Sciences pamusoro nokuTurin. Asi mutengo kuti Zhozef Lui Lagranzh vakatanga kuwanda dzidziso iri chaiyo munzvimbo uye akava nenguva mukuru yemasvomhu uye nyanzvi zvenyika, akatanga kudhakwa mwoyo.

Tanga zviyeuchidze kugara kuneta. Doctors muna 1761 vakati havasi kuenda kuva mutoro utano Lagrange kuti kana asina dzikamisa kuti shungu kutsvakurudza kwayo uye asingauyi kudzikamisa basa purogiramu. Yemasvomhu haana kuratidza kuzvidzora uye teerera kunenge navanachiremba. utano hwake yadzika. Asi mwoyo haana kumusiira kusvikira kumugumo woupenyu.

Research mu Astronomy

Muna 1762, kuti Paris Academy kunonakidza mumakwikwi pakaziviswa Sciences. Kubatanidzwa zvakanga zvakakodzera kupa basa iri inofamba mwedzi. Pano Lagrange anoratidza pacharo sezvo nyanzvi mutsvakurudzi. Muna 1763 nayo anotumira kuti Commission basa rayo pamusoro libration Romwedzi. Uye nyaya pachayo anosvika Academy nguva pfupi asati asvika Lagrange. Chokwadi chokuti masvomhu vaifanira kuenda kuLondon, umo akanga arwara aitofanira kugara Paris.

Asi pano Lagrange akawana zvinobatsira zvikuru; nekuti muna Paris akakwanisa kuzivana nevamwe nyanzvi huru - d'Alembert. In guru France Lagrange akagamuchira mubairo yokutsvakurudza ake pamusoro libration Romwedzi. Uye mumwe mubayiro paakavapa nyanzvi - makore maviri gare gare akanga paakavapa kuti kudzidza satellites maviri Jupiter.

chepamusoro

Muna 1766 Lagrange akadzokera Berlin uye kuwana mukana kuva mutungamiri Academy of Sciences uye musoro wayo dhipatimendi wefizikisi uye masvomhu. Vakawanda masayendisiti muBerlin vari chaizvo noushamwari nevanhu Lagrange munzanga yavo. Akakwanisa kumisa ushamwari pamwe mathematicians Lambert, Johann Bernoulli. Asi vanhu ava paiva vatsoropodzi. Mumwe wavo aiva Castillon, uyo aiva mukuru kupfuura Lagrange matatu. Asi pashure penguva yakati ukama hwavo akavandudzika. Lagrange akaroora yake Castiglione anonzi Vittoria. Zvisinei, muchato wavo akanga asingabereki uye asingafari. Kazhinji mukadzi airwara akafa muna 1783.

Ledger musayendisiti

Total nyanzvi wakaitirwa muBerlin kweanopfuura makore makumi maviri. Basa kupfuura zvibereko anonzi "Analytical Mechanics" Lagrange. Kudzidza Izvi zvakanyorwa panguva vakura. Kune mashoma masayendisiti kukuru, pakati nhaka vaizova inokosha basa. "Mechanics Analytical" akafanana "mavambo" kuti Newton, uyewo noMweya "zvakavamba kuchinja wachi" Huygens. Rinotaurawo akagadzira akakurumbira "The Lagrange nheyo", zita rizere iro - ". The musimboti d'Alembert-Lagrange" Nderake nokure mukuru equations pakati simba.

Kutamira Paris. downhill upenyu

Muna 1787 Lagrange vakatamira Paris. kugutsikana Its zvakazara basa muBerlin, asi aitofanira kuita, nokuti mamiriro navatorwa afa Frederick II muguta zvishoma kuipa. In Paris, vachikudza youmambo vateereri Lagrange yakaitwa, uye nyanzvi yemasvomhu Aitondiitira mufurati muna Louvre. Asi panguva imwe chete anotanga kwakakomba kwenguva pfupi mwoyo. Muna 1792, mumwe musayendisiti akaroorwa kechipiri, uye ikozvino mubatanidzwa aiva mufaro chete.

Pamugumo hwake musayendisiti unobereka basa rakawanda. Yekupedzisira basa, nokuti zvaaironga kutora, chaiva adzokorore "Analytical Mechanics". Asi kuita izvi, masayendisiti kwakakundikana. April 10, 1813 akafa Zhozef Lui Lagranzh. Inoti iye, kunyanya mumwe vokupedzisira maitiro ake upenyu: "Ini ndakaita wemanomano ... handina kuvenga munhu uye haana chakaipa." Rufu musayendisiti, kufanana upenyu, akadzikama - akafamba kure nepfungwa kuita.